Module 2 Manual 10 09 2018

This cover is an example only and will be formatted according to ACR requirements
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
RESEARCH CONCEPTUALIZATION
MODULE 2/5
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Text.
Research Conceptualization | iii

CONTENTS
Acknowledgments........................................................................................................
Abbreviations...............................................................................................................
1. Course Overview.....................................................................................................
1.1 Module description......................................................................................................

1.2 Duration and teaching format......................................................................................
1.3 Measurement of successful completion......................................................................
1.4 Learning outcomes.......................................................................................................
1.5 Required materials for module 2.................................................................................
2. Session 1: Finalizing Research Topic and Problem.................................................
2.1 Learning Outcomes.......................................................................................................

2.2 Activity 1: Reviewing assignment 1 feedback and research problem
slides....................................................................................................................................
2.3 Activity 2: Buzz Group...................................................................................................
2.4 Activity 3: Research Problem Presentations................................................................
3. Session 2: Literature Review...................................................................................

3.2 Activity 1: Lecture.........................................................................................................
3.3 Activity 2: Buzz group...................................................................................................
3.4 Activity 3: Lecture.........................................................................................................
4. Session 3: Avoiding plagiarism................................................................................

4.2 Activity 1: Lecture: Intro to Plagiarism.........................................................................
4.3 Activity 2: Brainstorming..............................................................................................
5. Session 4: APA FORMATING, REFERENCING AND CITATION STYLE...............
6. Session 5: online search for Literature..................................................................
6.1 Learning Outcomes.....................................................................................................

6.2 Activity 1: Lecture: Online Literature Search.............................................................
6.3 Activity 2: Simulation: Reference chasing..................................................................
6.4 Activity 3: Lecture: search operators.........................................................................
6.5 Activity 4: Simulation: search operators....................................................................
6.6 Activity 5: Lecture: resource manager and online resources.....................................
7. Session 6: Research purpose/question(s).............................................................
Research Conceptualization | iv

7.1 Learning Outcomes.....................................................................................................
7.2 Activity 1: Lecture: Research purpose/question(s)....................................................
7.3 Activity 2: buzz group: develop research purpose/question(s).................................
8. Module Assessment..............................................................................................
Module Evaluation Form......................................................................................................

9. Module Readings...................................................................................................
Annex 1. Slides...........................................................................................................
Heading 1.............................................................................................................................
Annex 2. Handouts.....................................................................................................
APA Manual..........................................................................................................................
Books for Citation and Referencing exercise.......................................................................
Research Sample Papers for Citation and Referencing.......................................................
References.................................................................................................................
Research Conceptualization | v

ABBREVIATIONS
ACR Afghan Children Read

EGR Early Grade Reading
MoE Ministry of Education
NA Not Applicable
Q&A Question and Answers
Research Conceptualization | vi

1. COURSE OVERVIEW
1.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION
This module aims to equip the participants with an overall

understanding of how to conduct literature review and avoid
plagairism in the process while crediting the rightful authors
properly. Starting the module with revising research problems, the
module will end with the participants learning how to develop
research questions after having conducted a literature review. The
participants will gain practical experience in findings resources,
conducting online search of literature, summarizing, paraphrasing
and quoting resources, developing literature maps, and APA citation
and formatting.
1.2 DURATION AND TEACHING FORMAT
Three full days (6.5 hours per day). Total 19.5 hours.
Module Title | 1

MODULE SCHEDULE
Time Activity/session
08:00 am – 08:30 am Registration
08:30 am – 09:00 am Introduction to Module II
Session 1: Reviewing and Selecting Research Topic and Problem
09:00 am – 10:00 am Lecture: Reviewing Assignment 1 Feedback and M I
10:00 am – 10:15 am Tea Break
10:15 am – 11:00 am Buzz Group: Reviewing and Selecting Research Topic and
Problem
11:00 am – 12:00 am Flipchart Presentation: Present Group Research Topic
and Problem
12:00 am – 01:00 pm Lunch and Prayers
Day 1
Session 2: Literature Review

01:00 pm – 01:30 pm Lecture: Definition, Purpose, and Types; Process
01:30 pm – 01:50 pm Buzz Group: Identifying Key Terms
01:50 pm – 02:00 pm Q&A
02:00 pm – 02:30 pm Lecture: Literature Review Process, Literature Map, and
Conclusions
Session 3: Methods of Using Resources and Avoiding Plagiarism
09:00 am – 09:20 am Lecture: Summarizing and Paraphrasing
09:20 am – 09:50 am Short Writing Exercise and Group-Share: Paraphrasing
09:50 am – 10:15 am Lecture:
 Quoting Directly
 Avoiding Plagiarism
10:30 am – 11:00 pm Debate: Methods of avoiding plagiarism in the education
system of Afghanistan
Session 4: APA Formatting, Referencing and Citation Style
11:00 am – 11:45 am Lecture and Demonstration: APA Formatting
11:45 am – 12:00 am Group Activity: APA Formatting
12:00 am – 01:00 pm Lunch and Prayers
01:00 pm – 01:15 pm Activity: APA Formatting Presentation
01:15 pm – 02:15 pm Lecture: APA Citation and Referencing
02:15 pm – 03:00 pm Group Activity: APA Citation and Referencing
Session 5: Online Search for Literature
09:00 am – 09:15 am Lecture: Online Literature Search
09:15 am – 09:45 am Simulation: Reference Chasing
09:45 am – 10:00 am Lecture: Search Operators
10:15 am – 10:45 am Simulation: Search Operators
10:45 am – 11:00 am Lecture: Resource Manager and Online Resources
Day 3
Session 6: Research Purpose/Question (s)

11:00 am – 12:00 pm Lecture: Research Purpose/Question (s)
12:00 pm – 01:00 pm Lunch and Prayers
01:00 pm – 02:00 pm Buzz Group: Develop Research Purpose /Question (s)
02:00 pm – 02:30 pm Explain Assignment and Conclude Module
02:30 pm – 03:00 pm Evaluation and Closing
Module Title | 2

1.3 MEASUREMENT OF SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION
• The participants should participate in at least 75 percent of

the lectures, discussions, and practical sessions.
• By the end of this module and before the next, the

participants should have identified a research problem related
to early grade reading and writing, prepared the statement,
conducted a review of the literature with proper citation and
references, and developed research purpose and questions.
1.4 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this module, the participants will be

able to:
• finalize research problems and problem statement related to

EGR or general education;
• review, describe, summarize, and critically evaluate literature

work related to the research problem identified and stated in
the previous steps and identify a gap in the literature;
• conduct and write a literature review;
• explain and practice APA formating, citation and referencing

style;
• avoid plagiarism and be able to properly credit others for their

work;
• develop research purpose(s) and questions(s).
1.5 REQUIRED MATERIALS FOR MODULE 2
• Projector and Screen

• Slides Handouts
• Blank A4 Papers
• Flipcharts
• Loud Speakers
• Research Sample Papers and Books
• Laptops
Module Title | 3

2. SESSION 1: FINALIZING
RESEARCH TOPIC AND PROBLEM
The participants will be able to

• Recall lectures from Module I;
• Review and compile their assignment notes;
• Review research topic and problem;
• Finalize research topic and problem in groups.
Total Session Length: 2 hours 45 minutes.
2.2 ACTIVITY 1: REVIEWING ASSIGNMENT 1 FEEDBACK AND

RESEARCH PROBLEM SLIDES
Length: 60 minutes
Activity Objective: Participants should be able to understand the

feedback on their assignments and fully understand the criteria
based on which they develop their research problems.
Activity Description: The trainer(s) will first go over the feedback

on participants’ assignment from Module 1. Then the trainer(s) will
review some slides from Module 1 related to research problem.
Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 3-5
2.3 ACTIVITY 2: BUZZ GROUP
Length: 60 minutes
Activity Objective: Participants should be able to understand and

finalize their research topic and problem and then select research
problem in groups.
Activity Description: The trainer(s) will ask the participants to share

their M1 Assignment with each other, discuss and then choose two
best research topics for further group work. After discussing and
finalizing their research topics and problem in groups, they will then
be asked to write on flipcharts.
Module Title | 4

Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 6
2.4 ACTIVITY 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM PRESENTATIONS
Length: 60 minutes
Activity Objective: All groups should know of each others’ research

problems and provide feedback. This is helpful for later feedback
from participants to each other.
Activity Description: The trainer(s) will ask the participants to share

their selected research topics and problems on flipcharts.
Handouts: NA.
Module Title | 5

3. SESSION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
 Define literature review and its purpose(s);
 Explain different types of literature review;
 List the process of conducting literature review;
 Identify key terms of the topic of research.
Total Session Length: 2 hours and 30 minutes.
3.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE
Length: 30 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will present on literature review,

purpose of literature review, and types of literature review. The
process of conducing a review of relevant literature, including
identifying key terms will be explained.
3.3 ACTIVITY 2: BUZZ GROUP
Length: 20 minutes
Activity Objective: After giving examples, the trainer(s) will ask the
participants to identify key terms of their own researches in groups.
3.4 ACTIVITY 3: LECTURE
Length: 30 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will present more on literature

review process, literature map and the conclusion of a literature
review.
Module Title | 6

4. SESSION 3: METHODS OF USING
RESOURCES AND AVIODING
PLAGIARISM
• Lean main methods of using resources
• Learn about plagiarism;
• Explain the acts that are considered plagiarism;
Total Session Length: 1 hour and 45 minutes
4.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE: SUMMARIZING AND

PARAPHRASING
Length: 20 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will lecture on defination of

summarizing and paraphrasing including the difference between the
two. The two methods of using resources will also be explained
further by examples.
4.3 ACTIVITY 2: SHORT WRITING EXERCISE: PARAPHRASING
Length: 30 minutes
Activity Objective: The participants will be paraphrasing short

academic writings in their own words. Then individuals as their
group representatives can present their work to the audience.
Handouts: NA
4.4 ACTIVITY 2: LECTURE ON QUOTING AND AVIODING

PLAGIARISM
Length: 25 minutes
Module Title | 7

Activity Objective: The trainer will present a lecture on explaining
the third method of using resources – direct quoting. The trainer will
further specify the direct quoting wth specific examples. The trainer
then introduce plagiarism and how to aviod plagiarism with
defination, strategiegies and examples.
4.5 ACTIVITY 2: DEBATE ON AVIODING PLAGIARISM
Length: 30 minutes
Activity Objective: Participants will depbate and propose ways of

avioding plagiarism in the education and higher education systems
in Afghanistan. The debate will conclude on having a common
undrstanding of methods of avioding plagiarism and practices in the
education systems in Afghanistan.
Handouts: NA
Module Title | 8

5. SESSION 4: APA FORMATING,
REFERENCING AND CITATION
STYLE
• Understand and use APA formatting style;
• Understand and use APA citation style;
• Understand and produce APA reference list.
Total Session Length: 3 hours
5.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE AND DEMONSTRATION: APA

FORMATTING
Length: 45 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainer(s) will describe general form of APA formatting
and demostrate APA format in word practically wherever needed in
the slides. APA general guidelines and paper formatting will be
explained with examples and visual demostration.
5.3 ACTIVITY 2: GROUP ACTIVITY: APA FORMATTING
Length: 15 minutes
Activity Description: The trainer(s) will ask the participations to format a

sample non-APA paper in the APA format. They will be asked to
format margins, font style and size, space size, indent settings,
headings, running head, title and title page, abstract, body, quotes,
etc.
Handouts: NA.
5.4 ACTIVITY 3: ACTIVITY: APA FORMATTING PRESENTATION
Length: 15 minutes
Module Title | 9

Activity Objective: The trainers will ask the participations to present their
research papers for class to evaluate the APA Formatting.
Participants’concerns and challenges will be addressed during
following the presentation.
Handouts: NA
5.5 ACTIVITY 4: LECTURE: APA CITATION AND REFERENCING
Length: 60 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainer(s) will lecture on APA citation. The participants
will be trained in direct quotation, summarizing and paraphrasing.
They will also gain knowledge about APA citation principles while
using sources with one author, multiple authors, groups as authors,
authors with the same surname, citing two or more works at the
same time, citing from a secondary source, using personal
communication, etc.
The trainer(s) will lecture on APA Reference List, referencing principles and the
components of a reference. They will explain about author, editor,
publication date, title, and publication information of different kinds of
resrounces, including periodicals and non-periodicals. The
participants will be trained in preparing references for journals,
newsletters, magazines, books, reports, etc.
5.6 ACTIVITY 5: GROUP ACTIVITY: APA CITATION AND

REFERENCING
Length: 45 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainer(s) will ask participants to exercise APA in-text
citation, both intext. The participants will be asked to use direct
quotation, summarizing and paraphrasing. They will be asked to
prepare citations with of sources with one author, multiple authors,
groups as authors, authors with the same surname, citing two or
more works at the same time, citing from a secondary source, using
personal communication, etc.
The trainers will ask participants to first prepare the reference list of all the
resources provided to them for in-text citation exercise.
Handouts: Source Samples, Breif Citation Guide/ APA Manual
Module Title | 10

6. SESSION 5: ONLINE SEARCH FOR
LITERATURE
 Conduct online search for literature related to their research

topics;
 Do both forward and backward reference chasing;
 Use search operators to search for literature effectively;
 Use resource management applications;
 Know of different journals, libraries, and other online

resources.
Total Session Length: 1 hour and 45 minutes.
6.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE: ONLINE LITERATURE SEARCH
Length: 15 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will present some general points on

online literature search and explain what reference chasing is.
6.3 ACTIVITY 2: SIMULATION: REFERENCE CHASING
Length: 30 minutes
Activity Objective: After expaling, the trainer(s) will ask the

participants to follow a simulation of doing forward and backward
reference chasing.
6.4 ACTIVITY 3: LECTURE: SEARCH OPERATORS
Length: 15 minutes
Module Title | 11

Activity Objective: The trainers will present on different search
operators that a researcher can use to do an effective search for
literature online.
6.5 ACTIVITY 4: SIMULATION: SEARCH OPERATORS
Length: 30 minutes

participants to follow a simulation of using different search operators
based on their own researches and the identified key terms.
6.6 ACTIVITY 5: LECTURE: RESOURCE MANAGER AND

ONLINE RESOURCES
Length: 15 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will present on reference manager

software (showing an example practically) and give a few examples
of journals and other online resources.
Module Title | 12

7. SESSION 6: RESEARCH
PURPOSE/QUESTION(S)
 Define what research purpose and question(s) are;
 Develop research purpose(s) and question(s).
Total Session Length: 2 hours.
7.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE: RESEARCH

PURPOSE/QUESTION(S)
Length: 60 minutes
Activity Objective: The trainers will present on research

purpose/question(s), different types of research questions, how to
effectively develop research questions, and the difference of
research questions for quantitative and qualitative researches.
7.3 ACTIVITY 2: BUZZ GROUP: DEVELOP RESEARCH

PURPOSE/QUESTION(S)
Length: 60 minutes

participants to develop the research purpose(s) and question(s) for
their own researches and review them based on criteria explained in
the lecture.
Module Title | 13

8. MODULE ASSESSMENT
PARTICIPANTS WRITING SAMPLES
The participants will be asked to prepare the following based on

which their learning achievement will be assessed at the end of the
Module:
• Research Problem
• Literature Review: The trainers will ask the participants to

review, describe, summarize, and critically evaluate the
literature work they find. By summarizing, paraphrasing and
direct quoting, the participants will be required to write a short
literature review.
• Research Purpose and Questions.
MODULE EVALUATION FORM
The participants will complete the Module Evaluation Form at the

end of the Module and submit it to the facilitator.
Module Title | 14

9. MODULE READINGS
Creswell, John W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning,

Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative
Research. 4th Ed. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Creswell, John W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative,

Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th Ed. USA:
Sage Publications, Inc.
Hantla, B. Reference Manager Software: What Is It and What Can It

Do? American Journal Experts. Retrieved from
https://www.aje.com/en /arc/reference-manager-software-
what-it-and-what-can-it-do/
Latunde, Y. C. (2017). Research in Parental Involvement: Methods

and Strategies for Education and Psychology. Palgrave
Macmillan. New York, NY: Springer Nature.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods:

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 7th Ed. Pearson
USA: Pearson Education Limited.
Punch, K. F. and Oancea, Alis. (2014). Introduction to Research

Methods in Education. 2nd Ed. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Module Title | 15

ANNEX 1. SLIDES
HEADING 1
Text.
Module Title | 16

…
Module Title | 17

ANNEX 2. HANDOUTS
APA MANUAL
Text.
BOOKS FOR CITATION AND REFERENCING EXERCISE
Text.
RESEARCH SAMPLE PAPERS FOR CITATION AND

REFERENCING
Text.
Module Title | 18

REFERENCES
Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The craft of

research. University of Chicago press.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning,

Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative
Research. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Merrill.
Creswell, John W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative,

Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th Ed. USA:
Sage Publications, Inc.
Hantla, B. Reference Manager Software: What Is It and What Can It

Do? American Journal Experts. Retrieved from
https://www.aje.com/en /arc/reference-manager-software-
what-it-and-what-can-it-do/
Latunde, Y. C. (2017). Research in Parental Involvement: Methods

and Strategies for Education and Psychology. Palgrave
Macmillan. New York, NY: Springer Nature.
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2016). Designing qualitative

research. Sage publications.
Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive

Approach. 3rd ed. USA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Neuman, W. Lawrence. (2014). Social Research Methods:

Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 7th Ed. Pearson
USA: Pearson Education Limited.
19

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This cover is an example only and will be formatted according to ACR requirements

Research Conceptualization | iii

1.1 Module description......................................................................................................

2.1 Learning Outcomes.......................................................................................................

3.1 Learning Outcomes.......................................................................................................

4.1 Learning Outcomes.......................................................................................................

6. Session 5: online search for Literature..................................................................

6.1 Learning Outcomes.....................................................................................................

Research Conceptualization | iv

Module Evaluation Form......................................................................................................

Research Conceptualization | v

ACR Afghan Children Read

Research Conceptualization | vi

1.1 MODULE DESCRIPTION

This module aims to equip the participants with an overall

1.2 DURATION AND TEACHING FORMAT

Module Title | 1

Session 2: Literature Review

Session 6: Research Purpose/Question (s)

Module Title | 2

• The participants should participate in at least 75 percent of

• By the end of this module and before the next, the

1.4 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon successful completion of this module, the participants will be

• finalize research problems and problem statement related to

• review, describe, summarize, and critically evaluate literature

• conduct and write a literature review;

• explain and practice APA formating, citation and referencing

• avoid plagiarism and be able to properly credit others for their

• develop research purpose(s) and questions(s).

1.5 REQUIRED MATERIALS FOR MODULE 2

• Projector and Screen

Module Title | 3

2.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES

The participants will be able to

Total Session Length: 2 hours 45 minutes.

2.2 ACTIVITY 1: REVIEWING ASSIGNMENT 1 FEEDBACK AND

Activity Objective: Participants should be able to understand the

Activity Description: The trainer(s) will first go over the feedback

Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 3-5

2.3 ACTIVITY 2: BUZZ GROUP

Activity Objective: Participants should be able to understand and

Activity Description: The trainer(s) will ask the participants to share

Module Title | 4

2.4 ACTIVITY 3: RESEARCH PROBLEM PRESENTATIONS

Activity Objective: All groups should know of each others’ research

Activity Description: The trainer(s) will ask the participants to share

Module Title | 5

3.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES

The participants will be able to

 Define literature review and its purpose(s);

 Explain different types of literature review;

 List the process of conducting literature review;

 Identify key terms of the topic of research.

Total Session Length: 2 hours and 30 minutes.

3.2 ACTIVITY 1: LECTURE

Activity Objective: The trainers will present on literature review,

Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 7-13

3.3 ACTIVITY 2: BUZZ GROUP

Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 14

3.4 ACTIVITY 3: LECTURE

Activity Objective: The trainers will present more on literature

Handouts: Module 2 Slides # 15-21

Module Title | 6