Detecting Temporal Trends in Freshwater

Fisheries Surveys: Statistical Power and the

Important Linkages between Management
Questions and Monitoring Objectives
Detección de tendencias temporales en
muestreo de pesquerías continentales:
poder estadístico y las relaciones entre
temas de manejo y objetivos de monitoreo
Tyler Wagner
,
Brian J. Irwin
,
James R. Bence
 &
Daniel B. Hayes
Pages 309-319 | Published online: 11 Jul 2013

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 https://doi.org/10.1080/03632415.2013.799466

 
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Monitoring to detect temporal trends in biological and habitat indices is a critical
component of fisheries management. Thus, it is important that management
objectives are linked to monitoring objectives. This linkage requires a definition of
what constitutes a management-relevant “temporal trend.” It is also important to
develop expectations for the amount of time required to detect a trend (i.e.,
statistical power) and for choosing an appropriate statistical model for analysis.
We provide an overview of temporal trends commonly encountered in fisheries
management, review published studies that evaluated statistical power of long-
term trend detection, and illustrate dynamic linear models in a Bayesian context,
as an additional analytical approach focused on shorter term change. We show
that monitoring programs generally have low statistical power for detecting linear
temporal trends and argue that often management should be focused on different
definitions of trends, some of which can be better addressed by alternative
analytical approaches.

RESUMEN
Monitoring to detect temporal trends in biological and habitat indices is a critical
component of fisheries management. Thus, it is important that management
objectives are linked to monitoring objectives. This linkage requires a definition of
what constitutes a management-relevant “temporal trend.” It is also important to
develop expectations for the amount of time required to detect a trend (i.e.,
statistical power) and for choosing an appropriate statistical model for analysis.
We provide an overview of temporal trends commonly encountered in fisheries
management, review published studies that evaluated statistical power of long-
term trend detection, and illustrate dynamic linear models in a Bayesian context,
as an additional analytical approach focused on shorter term change. We show
that monitoring programs generally have low statistical power for detecting linear
temporal trends and argue that often management should be focused on different
definitions of trends, some of which can be better addressed by alternative
analytical approaches.

Linking freshwater fishery management

to global food security and biodiversity
conservation
Peter B. McIntyre, Catherine A. Reidy Liermann, and Carmen Revenga
 See all authors and affiliations
 PNAS November 8, 2016 113 (45) 12880-12885; first published October 24,
2016; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521540113
1. Edited by Peter M. Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA, and approved
September 8, 2016 (received for review October 31, 2015)

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Significance

Freshwaters rarely factor into global prioritization of fishery resources, partly because
available spatial data on inland fisheries are coarse. Here, we develop a map of the world’s
riverine fisheries and compare catches to fish diversity, ecosystem threats, and nutritional
dependence. Fish species richness and ecoregional catches are positively but not causally
correlated. Intensive harvests from the most biodiverse rivers raise conservation concerns,
and numerous other stressors also threaten high-yield river fisheries. In human terms, poor
nations depend far more on freshwater fisheries than aquaculture or marine sources. This
intersection of poverty, food insecurity, biodiversity, and ecosystem threats suggests an
urgent need to improve fishery management for the benefit of both humans and fishes.

Abstract

Fisheries are an essential ecosystem service, but catches from freshwaters are often
overlooked. Hundreds of millions of people around the world benefit from low-cost protein,
recreation, and commerce provided by freshwater fisheries, particularly in regions where
alternative sources of nutrition and employment are scarce. Here, we derive a gridded
global map of riverine fisheries and assess its implications for biodiversity conservation,
fishery sustainability, and food security. Catches increase with river discharge and human
population density, and 90% of global catch comes from river basins with above-average
stress levels. Fish richness and catches are positively but not causally correlated, revealing
that fishing pressure is most intense in rivers where potential impacts on biodiversity are
highest. Merging our catch analysis with nutritional and socioeconomic data, we find that
freshwater fisheries provide the equivalent of all dietary animal protein for 158 million
people. Poor and undernourished populations are particularly reliant on inland fisheries
compared with marine or aquaculture sources. The spatial coincidence of productive
freshwater fisheries and low food security highlights the critical role of rivers and lakes in
providing locally sourced, low-cost protein. At the same time, intensive fishing in regions
where rivers are already degraded by other stressors may undermine efforts to conserve
biodiversity. This syndrome of poverty, nutritional deficiency, fishery dependence, and
 extrinsic threats to biodiverse river ecosystems underscores the high stakes for improving
fishery management. Our enhanced spatial data on estimated catches can facilitate the
inclusion of inland fisheries in environmental planning to protect both food security and
species diversity.

 fish diversity

 subsistence fishery

 fishing pressure

 rivers

 ecosystem services

Grass Carp: The Fish that Feeds Half of China

Congxin Xie,Jiale Li,Dapeng Li,Yubang Shen,Yu Gao,Zhimin Zhang

Book Editor(s):Jian-Fang Gui,Qisheng Tang,Zhongjie Li,Jiashou Liu,Sena S. De Silva

First published: 31 March 2018

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119120759.ch2_1

Citations: 12

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Summary

Grass carp also known as white carp, grass-roots fish, and thick fish, is the most important
freshwater fish species cultured in China. Geographical differences mean that the yields of grass
carp differ significantly among different regions of China. Several different grass carp culture models
are practiced in China. They can be classified according to various characteristics: farm location,
water conditions, grow-out species combination, and culture intensity. Pond culture is the main
culture model for grass carp, accounting for 71 percent of all freshwater aquaculture production,
followed by reservoirs culture, lake culture, culture in river channels and rivulets, paddy culture, and
other models. China covers a huge geographical area, with abundant resources, complex
landscapes, and multiple rivers. Grass carp aquaculture in Central China is characterized by the
green-grass aquaculture model and intensive high-density culture model. Mature grass carp used for
artificial propagation should be sturdy, of normal color, and have no signs of injury or disease.

Proximate Analysis of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Southern Punjab,

Pakistan
Muhammad Khalid  and Muhammad Naeem *
1,2 2

Department of Zoology, Govt. Emerson College Multan, Pakistan;  Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya
1 2

University, Multan, Pakistan.

Abstract | Proximate analysis implies percent composition of moisture, protein, lipids and
carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to affirm the proximate composition and nutritious
status of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Standardized methods were used to determine the proximate
composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40
%, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse
relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic contents (wet body
weight). Wet body weight (W) showed negative correlation (P < 0.001) with percent water, percent
fat (dry and wet body weight) and positive correlation with percent protein, ash (wet and dry weight).
Total length (TL) showed positive correlation with water, fat, ash, protein and organic content (dry
and wet body weight). Condition factor (K) was found significantly correlated (P < 0.05) only with
% water and % ash. Multiple correlation among W, TL, K and different body content showed
significant correlations. Results indicated that Grass Carp is a rich source of protein (58.35%) in dry
body weight, additionally, the pioneer reference to the proximate analysis for this species from
farming system of southern Punjab, Pakistan is provided.

Received | Febraury 09, 2018; Accepted | July 20, 2018; Published | August 27, 2018
*Correspondence | Muhammad Naeem, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin
Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan; Email:
dr_naeembzu@yahoo.com
Citation | Khalid, M. and M. Naeem. 2018. Proximate analysis of grass carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idella) from Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of
Agriculture, 34(3): 632-639.
DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2018/34.3.632.639
Keywords | Body composition, Farmed Fish, Condition factor, Lipids, Ash, Protein

Introduction

T he learning of proximate composition of fish is of foremost significance to assess its feeding status and physiological
condition (Chandrashekhar et al., 2004). Fishes are the least expensive wellspring of essential nutrients. Proximate composition
of fishes can be influenced by numerous variables, including species, ecological conditions, fish size, protein level in provided
diet as well as rate of feeding (Ogata and Shearer, 2000). Precise forecast of proximate composition of economically valuable of
cultured fishes at specific body weight of fish could lessen food waste, enhance efficiency enhance the profit abilities. Few have
endeavored to anticipate the body composition from live body weight (Naeem et al., 2016).
The estimation of some proximate profiles (protein substance, carbohydrates with low lipids, and high moisture content,
percentage ash) is frequently important to guarantee that they meet the prerequisites of nourishment directions and business
particulars (Waterman, 2000). Variations in chemical composition among various species might be ascribed to fish feed
composition, feeding types with its rate of feeding habitat of fish, sex, age, size, genetic attributes and season (Abdullahi,
2001; Ajah, 2009).
Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass carp) is one of the major carp which is usually devoured in Pakistan. Due to its meats good
quality and its taste that’s Grass carp got the attention of fish culturist’s throughout the world for culture purpose (FAO, 2007).
The aim of present study to know about the value of moisture, ash, protein, organic contents, lipids and their variations with
change in fish size and condition factor, to help fish processors, marketers and nutritionists in choosing most suitable species
having optimum protein level for human use.
Materials and Methods
A total of 72 samples of farmed Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) having different sizes ranging from 67.00 to 722.00 cm
total length and 19.00 to 240.00 g body weight were randomly got from Alrahem Fish hatchery, Muzaffargarh 30  124401, N
o

71  234098E for proximate composition analysis by using cast net and were shifted to laboratory, concerned with fish research
o

purpose in Institute, then all samples were dried by using paper towel.
Wet body weight and total length each sample was taken by the help of digital electrical balance MP-3000 Chyo, Japan closest to
0.01 gram and wooden measuring board closest to 0.01 cm. For the assessment of water mass in each fish sample, whose wet
weight and total length was already measured were put in already weighted foil of aluminum plates for the purpose of drying till
no change in weight was seen in electrically operated oven named as Memmert, west Germany at the temperature of 60−70  C. o

When there was no change in weight seen further then dry weight noted finally.

Nutritional composition of food fishes and

their importance in providing food and
nutritional security☆
Author links open overlay panelBimal
PrasannaMohantyaArabindaMahantya1SatabdiGangulya1TandrimaMitraaD.KarunakaranaR.Anandanb

Show more Bimal

PrasannaMohanty ArabindaMahanty SatabdiGanguly TandrimaMitra D.Karunakaran R.Anandan
a a1 a1 a a b

ICAR – Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India

b

ICAR – Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, India

Received 27 August 2016, Revised 15 June 2017, Accepted 10 November 2017, Available online 12
November 2017, Version of Record 29 May 2019.

Outline
Share
Cite

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.039 Get rights and content

Highlights
•

A fish nutrient database ‘NutriFishIn’ has been developed.

Importance of food data generated on public health nutrition has been

highlighted.
 •

Nutrismart species for community nutrition programs have been identified.

SIFs for aquaculture to combact the micronutrient deficiency have been

identified.
•

Food data generated would help in reframing dietary guidelines.

Abstract
Fish is a healthy food, rich in quality animal proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids
especially the (ω)-3 eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and
micronutrients. In addition, fish are more available and affordable than other sources
of animal proteins in tropical countries. Aquaculture, which is one of the fastest
growing food production sectors, could play a big role in eradicating hunger,
malnutrition and nutrient-deprivation globally. However, nutritional information on
fish is necessary for utilization of fish in achieving nutritional security and will be
helpful in prioritizing species for aquaculture. In this context, we have studied the
detailed nutritional composition of selected fishes from India and developed a
database (http://www.cifri.res.in/nutrifishin/index.php) with the food data generated.
This review explore the implications of such nutritional information in consumer
guidance, dietary counselling, food-policy planning and prioritization of species for
aquaculture to fight hunger, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency; ultimately
contributing to food and nutritional security.
Fish Nutrition (Fourth Edition)
2022, Pages 469-554
Chapter 6 - The minerals
Author links open overlay panelSantosh P.Lall

Retired from National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada

Available online 22 October 2021, Version of Record 22 October 2021.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819587-1.00005-7 Get rights and content

Abstract
Minerals are essential inorganic elements that have a significant impact on
growth development and health of fish. Among vertebrates, fish are unique in
their ability to absorb minerals from their diets but also from water across gills
and skin. Although significant progress has been made in the past 2 decades
on requirements of certain minerals (phosphorus, zinc, copper, and selenium),
a major gap exists in the uptake, function, biological availability, and excretion
of most minerals. Several deficiency signs including cataracts, skeletal
deformities, and hatchability of eggs have been linked to trace element
deficiencies. In recent years, major shifts from the use of fishmeal to plant
ingredients have resulted in a focus on mineral bioavailability; however,
interactions between minerals and their uptake from water justify a much
broader approach in this area. This chapter provides a brief overview of the
 known functions, deficiencies, requirements, and bioavailability of minerals
and identifies certain issues yet to be resolved.

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Keywords

Bioavailability

Copper

Fish

Fishmeal

Mineral requirements

Phosphorus

Selenium

Skeletal deformity

Trace elements

Zinc
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