CSE3501

School of Computer Science and Engineering

20/10/2021

CSE3501- Information Security Analysis and Audit

Digital Assignment -2
IMAGE ENCRYPTION & DECRYPTION
Fall Semester 2021-22

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Eswar M(19BCE2189)
Sanjay M(19BCE2207)
Pranesh Kannan G(19BCE2331)
Motivation:
Information security is becoming increasingly vital in data storage and transfer these
days. Images are widely used in several processes. As a result, safeguarding picture
data from unwanted access is essential. In the subject of information hiding, image

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encryption is essential. The methods and algorithms for concealing or encrypting

images span from simple spatial domain procedures to more complex methods.

Aim:
Our Aim of the project is to create a new cryptographic scheme that to be researched,
developed and implemented. The cryptosystem efficiency relies on the difficulty
associated with decryption process, such that nobody can reverse the ciphertext and
obtained the original message unless knows the authentication key (decryption key).
There are many types and ways to measure and evaluate the cipher system security.
Some of them depend on determining the permissible keys by the uncertainty facing.
Other methods depend on the randomness associated with encryption process.
Proposed method should cater to all these issues.
Methodology:
We have an idea to make an encryption technique by using Gaussian elimination
method, Since we have recently learnt the method in maths. We have planned to
implement the concept to encrypt and decrypt the image.

Expected Outcome:
We believe that using gaussian elimination method will provide a cypher key that
can’t be beak down. So, the encrypted image can’t be cracked easily.

Keywords:
Gaussian Elimination, encryption, Ciphered, decryption, matrix, upper triangular
matrix, RGB values, cryptographic mechanisms, cryptosystem efficiency.

Literature Survey
No. Title AUTHOR AND ABSTRACT METHODOLOGY
YEARS OF
REFERENCE

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1 A new chaotic Jui-Cheng, In this paper, an image
key-based design Jiun-In Guo encryption/decryption
for image (2000) algorithm and its VLSI
encryption and architecture are proposed.
decryption According to a chaotic binary
sequence, the gray level of
each pixel is XORed or
XNORed bit-by-bit to one of
the two predetermined
keys. Its features are as
follows: (1) low
computational complexity,
(2) high security, and (3) no
distortion.
2 Image Encryption Chao-shen This paper proposed an
and Decryption Chen, Rongjian image encryption and
Using SCAN Chen (2006) decryption process. Its
Methodology encryption method is based
on SCAN patterns generated
by the SCAN methodology.
The SCAN is a languagebased
two-dimensional
spatial-accessing
methodology which can
efficiently specify and
generate a wide range of
scanning paths.
3 Analytical Study Chiranji Lal The majority of imaging
of Hybrid Chowdhury, techniques use symmetric
Techniques for Kumaresan and asymmetric
Image Encryption perumal cryptography algorithms to
and Decryption (2020) encrypt digital media. Most
of the research works
contributed in the literature
focus primarily on the
Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES) algorithm for
encryption and decryption.
This paper propose an
analysis for performing
image encryption and
decryption by hybridization
of Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (ECC) with Hill
Cipher (HC), ECC with
Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES) and ElGamal
In order to implement the algorithm,
its VLSI architecture with low
hardware cost, high computing speed,
and high hardware utilization
efficiency is also designed. Moreover,
the architecture of integrating the
scheme with MPEG2 is proposed.
Finally, simulation results are included
to demonstrate its effectiveness.
The proposed image encryption
method is based on rearrangement of
the pixels of the image. The
rearrangement is done by scan
patterns that generated by the SCAN
methodology. The scanning path of
the image is a random code form, and
by specifying the pixels sequence
along the scanning path.
The hybrid process involves the speed
and ease of implementation from
symmetric algorithms, as well as
improved security from asymmetric
algorithms. ECC and ElGamal
cryptosystems provide asymmetric
key cryptography, while HC, AES, and
DPC are symmetric key algorithms.
ECC with AES are perfect for remote or
private communications with smaller
image sizes based on the amount of
time needed for encryption and
decryption.

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with Double Playfair Cipher
(DPC)
4 Image Encryption Arun JB , With rapid progress in
for Secure Data Reshu internet and digital imaging
Transfer and Choudhary technology there are more
Image based (2014) and more ways to easily
Cryptography create, publish and
distributed images. A major
issue for computer networks
is to prevent important
information from being
disclosed to illegal users.
Valuable multimedia
content such as digital
images, however, is
vulnerable to unauthorized
access while in storage and
during transmission over a
network.
5 Image G. Keryer, A. In this paper, we propose a
Encryption and Assoum novel encryption method as
Decryption by (2006) an optical architecture of
Means of an cryptography, based on the
Optical Phase grouping of the information
Mask in the Fourier plane. This
grouping is termed
segmentation; it has been
used to make the so-called
segmented filter used in
optical target recognition to
optimize the performances
of the correlator decision.
4
In image cryptography most of the
available encryption algorithms are
mainly used different size images so
they get easily decrypted image at
receiver. In this paper image
encryption is applied on colour
images of same size and type. For
resultant compressed data is secured
by Data Encryption Standard
encryption algorithm.
By using the concept of segmented
filter, encryption can be considered
as an image encrypting with a
segmented phase mask called keys
and consists in modifying the phase
profile of the original image by
multiplying it by the adapted phase
mask. In our case, this key group
information gathered from different
subkeys according to a well-defined
criterion.
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6 Multidimensional Ajita Sahay, Multimedia data are Image Encryption, Image Decryption
comparative Chittaranjan transferred through various using Gauss iterated map and
analysis of image Pradhan networks for personal and comparing them with logistic map in
encryption using (2017) professional uses. Hence, both the dimensions
gauss iterated everyone wants to send or
and logistic maps receive the data in a secure
manner without any
interruption or modification.
In general, data security is
done using cryptographic
techniques or chaotic
techniques. This paper
focuses on an image
encryption technique using
multidimensional Gauss
iterated map instead of
multidimensional logistic
map. The multidimensional
Gauss iterated map uses
more control parameters as
compared to

multidimensional logistic
map, which enhances the
data security. NPCR and
UACI parameters are used to
prove this. Similarly, the
Gauss variations take lesser
time for encryption and
decryption as compared to
the logistic variations.

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7 Enhanced chaotic M. Salleh Imaging has gained improving Fridrich's work in chaotic
image encryption S. Ibrahim importance due to the image encryption using Baker's map.
algorithm based I.F. Isnin improvements of The algorithm proposed is tested by
on Baker's map (2003) performances in computer experimenting with grayscale value of
speed, media storage and the pixels and transposing of the
network bandwidth. Along pixels, in two different operational
with this advancement, the modes. The analysis of the resulted
fundamental issue of image image in the experiment shows that
security has become a major the enhancement algorithm can
concern and because of this effectively eliminate the weak keys
reason, research in image and increase the encryption strength.
confidentiality has gained
popularity amongst security
experts. This paper discusses
an alternative chaotic image
encryption based on Baker's
map. This enhanced
symmetric-key algorithm
can support a variable-size
image as opposed to the
algorithm which is mainly
based on Baker's map that
requires only square image
for encryption. In addition,
the algorithm also includes
other functions such as
password binding and pixel
shifting to further
strengthen the security of
the cipher image. The
algorithm also supports two
modes of operation namely
EBC and CBC. The number of
iterations to be performed
can vary depending on the
security level required by
the user. The paper also
includes an example of
image encryption. From the
analysis done, it shows that
the security level is high
even though keys that are
found to be weak keys for

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Baker's map algorithm are

being used in the algorithm.
8 Digital Image Qiang Wang In this paper, a digital image
Encryption Qun Ding watermark algorithm based
Research Based Zhong Zhang on discrete wavelet
on DWT and (2008) transform and chaos theory
Chaos is referred. During the
embedding of the
watermarking, discrete
wavelet transform is done
firstly and extract low
frequency part as the
embedding field; then the
chaotic sequence is used to
encrypt the watermark and
transform the encrypted
part and extract the low
frequency; finally, embed
the low frequency part into
that of the original image. It
is a kind of non-blind
detection as the extracting
needs original image. The
similar coefficient NC and
peak noise to signal ration
(PNSR) are used to evaluate
the algorithm. The
experiment results indicate
that this algorithm can resist
JPEG compression, noise
attack, filter and so on. The
effect of watermark image
is very well.
an algorithm based on discrete
wavelet transform and chaos image
encryption is referred and the security
is enhanced by chaotic binary
sequence; wavelet transform is not
only used in original image but also
used in the chaos encrypted
watermark image, what we
embedded is the low frequency part
of the encrypted image not the whole
image which is enhance with good
robustness. The results show that
through the combination of wavelet
technology, chaos and digital
watermarking, the encryption
standards are fulfilled with good
robustness in JPEG compression,
noise attacks and lowpass filter,
finally, a good encryption effect is
reached.

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9 Image Encryption Md. Towsif The main objective of this Step-1:Let’s say the first red pixel
and Decryption Abir, Lamiya paper is to present a (“red” value of the pixel
using Enigma Rahman , more secured and on row 1, column 1 of the image) Red-
Algorithm Samit computationally efficient 51, used here is passed
Shahnawaz procedure of through the plug-board. It swaps to
encrypting and decrypting another value, such as
Miftah
images using the enigma Red-61 here, that has been mentioned
(2019)
algorithm in initially.
comparison to the existing Step-2:Next the position of the rotor
methods has to be mentioned
by the user and which rotors have
been used is also know by
the user. Thus, after passing through
the rotor 1, the pixel
value has been changed into Red-133
which is the value of the first
rotor in the 61st index.
Step-3:Similarly, after passing through
rotor 2 and rotor 3,

the pixel value goes to the reflector.

The reflector compliments the pixel
value and hence finally it turns to Red-
180.
Step-4:Again, this process is reversed
as shown in the figure
2. It passes through rotor-3 then rotor
2 and finally rotor 1 to
the plug-board and a totally different
pixel value is achieved at the
end of this process.

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10 A fast image Yong Zhang A fast image cryptosystem
encryption Xueqian Li based on AES is verified in
scheme based on Wengang Hou this paper. The plain image
AES (2017) is divided into data blocks of
size 128 bits. The first block
of plain image is permutated
by an initial vector. Then,
AES in cipher block chaining
mode is used to encrypt
each block sequentially. The
initial vector and cipher
image are transmitted to
the decryption party
through the public
information channel. The
decryption party use the
secret key and initial vector
to decrypt the cipher image
to obtain the original image.
Simulation results show that
this image cryptosystem is
both secure and high-speed,
which can be used as the
comparison basement of
newly proposed image
cryptosystems based on
chaotic systems.
11 Distributed Mamadou I. The objective of this
Image Encryption Wade research is to develop a
Based On a Mohamed novel image encryption
Homomorphic Chouikha method that can be used to
Cryptographic Tepper Gill considerably increase the
Approach (2019) security of encrypted
images. To solve this image
security problem, we
propose a distributed
homomorphic image
encryption scheme where
the images of interest are
those in the visible
electromagnetic spectrum.
9
This paper attempts to study the
image cryptosystem based on AES to
testify the viewpoints of AES not
suitable for image encryption.
However, we conclude that AES in CBC
mode can be used for image
encryption. In the tested system, the
initial vector (IV) is generated by
chaotic system and AES is
implemented by look-up table
method. The key of AES is also the key
of image cryptosystem. AES is secure
by far, so the tested image
cryptosystem is secure. And
simulation results show that the
image cryptosystem based on AES are
faster than some image
cryptosystems based on chaotic
systems. Thus, the tested system can
be used as the comparison basement
of newly proposed image
cryptosystems. Those image
cryptosystems whose
encryption/decryption speed is
slower than the AES based scheme in
the same computer need to be
improved.
novel homomorphic image encryption
scheme where each pixel intensity
value in the original image is written
as a sum of several subvalues, leading
to producing many component images
that are
encrypted to produce many
corresponding cipher-images; and
therefore, increase the security of the
associated images. The
formulation includes encryption and
decryption phases, as well
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In our encryption phase, a as a block diagram for a special case

red green blue (RGB) image implementation
is first separated into its
constituent channel images,
and then the numerical
intensity value of a pixel
from each channel is written
as a sum of smaller pixel
intensity sub-values, leading
to having several component
images for each of the R, G,
and B-channel images.
12 Advanced image O. Abraham The revolution in the encryption and decryption of a
encryption and Panicker communication technology two dimensional image by using
decryption using A. Jabeenaa facilitates fast and reliable simple Fourier transform and
sandwich phase Abdul Hassan information transfers and is sandwich phase diffuser. The
diffuser and false Mujeebb being increasingly used in sandwich phase diffuser is made using
(2010) various fields like scientific,
image along with two laser speckle patterns. After
military, civilian and
cryptographical phase diffusion another image is
economic. Apart from the
enhancement fused to the resultant image and then
speed and reliability,
security in transferring the cryptographical enhancement is done
information is gaining much which provide an additional security
importance now days. to the system. The algorithm is simple
Optical data transfer offers and at the same time efficient and it
several dimensions in which provides high security to the image.
information can be hidden Simulation results are presented and
such as phase, polarization, MSE is calculated between original
and wavelength, etc., and encrypted image which is very
making it possible to encode small.
data more securely.
13 Digital Image Nan Wan, Yi Digital image chaotic system Firstly, the parameters of chaos
Encryption and zhang (2020) has the characteristics of parameters are optimized by genetic
Decryption large key space and strong algorithm to obtain a better chaotic
Algorithm Based anti-plaintext attack, so it Logistic mapping encryption
on Optimization has become a hot research relationship. Then, the fusion
and Fusion topic in recent years. At encryption is carried out by two-level
permutation and one-level diffusion
Strategy present, there are still two
technology. Finally, the
important problems to be corresponding decryption algorithm is
solved. One is that the chaos
given in this paper. Through the test
degree of chaotic sequence
of various Performance evaluation
is not enough due to indexes, the rationality and validity of
improper selection of initial the proposed algorithm are verified.
parameters and the other is
easy to solve by using

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chaotic encryption and

decryption alone.

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Architecture:

Step 1: Average of RGB values is taken to extract matrix for each image.
Step 2: Image Encryption is performed using Gaussian Elimination/Forward
Elimination, where image matrix is converted to upper triangular matrix. Upper
triangular matrix is converted back to RGB values, this gives encrypted image
also known as ciphered image. Encrypted image is used for transmission.
Step 3: Key is generated alongside encryption of image which is further used for
decryption. Key matrix stores all the operations performed on image matrix
while converting it into upper triangular matrix.

Step 4: Ciphered image is converted back to original image using key.

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References:

1. A new chaotic key-based design for image encryption and decryption

2. Image Encryption and Decryption Using SCAN Methodology
3. Analytical Study of Hybrid Techniques for Image Encryption and
Decryption
4. IMAGE ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USING BLOWFISH
ALGORITHM IN MATLAB
5. Gaussian Elimination Method-A Study of Applications
6. Image encryption and decryption in public key cryptography based on
MR
7. Multidimensional comparative analysis of image encryption using gauss
iterated and logistic maps
8. Enhanced chaotic image encryption algorithm based on Baker's map
9. Digital Image Encryption Research Based on DWT and Chaos
10.A fast image encryption scheme based on AES
11.Distributed Image Encryption Based On a Homomorphic Cryptographic
Approach
12.Advanced image encryption and decryption using sandwich phase diffuser
and false image along with cryptographical enhancement
13.Digital Image Encryption and Decryption Algorithm Based on
Optimization and Fusion Strategy
14.Image Encryption and Decryption by Means of an Optical Phase Mask
15.Discrete Gyrator Transform based optical image encryption and
decryption using Double Random Phase Mask
16.Image Encryption and Decryption using Enigma Algorithm
17.An efficient and self-adapting colour-image encryption algorithm based
on chaos and interactions among multiple layers
18.Image Encryption for Secure Data Transfer and Image based
Cryptography

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