AJAX

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for creating
better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML, HTML, CSS, and
Java Script.
Ajax uses XHTML for content, CSS for presentation, along with Document Object Model and
JavaScript for dynamic content display.
Conventional web applications transmit information to and from the sever using
synchronous
requests. It means you fill out a form, hit submit, and get directed to a new page with new
information from the server.
With AJAX, when you hit submit, JavaScript will make a request to the server, interpret the
results, and update the current screen. In the purest sense, the user would never know that
anything was even transmitted to the server.
XML is commonly used as the format for receiving server data, although any format,
including
plain text, can be used.
AJAX is a web browser technology independent of web server software.
A user can continue to use the application while the client program requests information
from
the server in the background.
Intuitive and natural user interaction. Clicking is not required, mouse movement is a
sufficient
event trigger.
Data-driven as opposed to page-driven.
Advantages
Reduces the server traffic and increases the speed
It is responsive, and the time taken is also less
Form validation
Bandwidth usage can be reduced
Asynchronous calls can be made; this reduces the time for data arrival.
Disadvantages
Open-source
Active x request is created only in internet explorer and a newly created web browser.
For security reasons, you can only access information from the web host that serves pages.
Fetching information from other servers is not possible with Ajax
 Blog and it's types
Blog” is an abbreviated version of “weblog,” which is a term used to describe websites that
maintain an ongoing chronicle of information. A blog features diary-type commentary and
links to articles on other websites, usually presented as a list of entries in reverse
chronological order. Blogs range from the personal to the political, and can focus on one
narrow subject or a whole range of subjects.
Personal Blogs
Personal blogs are the pioneers of the blogging industry. When blogging emerged in the late
90s, it started with a personal blog. It paced-up as people began making their own blogs and
penning down their thoughts, pieces of advice, opinions, and stories. Personal blogs are the
most conventional and traditional form of blogs
Business Blogs
Blogs oriented toward businesses are called business blogs. The business bloggers tend to
write on the topic related to the work they do for a living. A business blog aims to generate
more leads for their businesses and make as many potential customers as possible. Unlike
personal blogs, business blogs contain more professional ways of writings. They promote
specific businesses and follow industry rules.
professional blogs
These types of blogs are a combination of a business blog and a personal blog. This blog is
usually the project of a single person that eventually takes the path of a business – aka the
owner uses it to make money with it, not just for personal stories.
The owner of such blog follows a business strategy, makes a plan, picks a niche, creates an
editorial schedule, engages in partnerships with brands, analyzes the market, and is
regularly
involved in growing the blog and finding new marketing opportunities.
Community
Community blogs are predominantly websites where many authors can post journal entries
on
a single space and where people can respond by commenting on posts to the community
blog.
Microblog
A microblog is a short piece of content designed for quick audience interactions.
Microblogging is a combination of instant messaging and content production. With a
microblog, you share short messages with an online audience to improve engagement.
Social
channels like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and Pinterest offer popular platforms for
microblogging.
How to create a blog
Choose a topic
Create an account
Claim your domain name
Customize the design
Create some unique content
Publicize.
Wordpress
WordPress is an open-source content management system (CMS). It’s a popular tool for
individuals without any coding experience who want to build websites and blogs. The
software doesn’t cost anything. Anyone can install, use, and modify it for free.
WordPress was mainly used to create blogs. Fast-forward to today, the software has
improved, and you can create any type of website you want. You can build hobby or lifestyle
blogs, professional portfolios, business websites, e-commerce stores, mobile applications,
and membership sites.
WordPress is open-source.
WordPress is easy to use for a beginner.
WordPress is SEO-friendly
WordPress supports all media types.
WordPress is secure.
WordPress is free to use.

What is Gravatar?
Gravatar stands for Globally Recognized Avatar. This web service lets users upload an online
avatar and will associate the avatar with their email address. That way, when visitors log in
to WordPress using their email and
leave a comment on a WordPress website, Gravatar automatically uploads the avatar on
the user’s profile. Then, that avatar is
shown next to the comment on the site.
Uses
Gravatar saves you the trouble of uploading a new avatar for each blog you comment on.
When
you comment on websites that integrate with Gravatar, your photo or brand logo will
display. So, instead of just
showing a name with a mystery person icon, people can identify with your logo. As a result,
you get brand
consistency across the web.
WordPress administrators can activate Gravatar on their sites to give commenters more
brand visibility. By using
Gravatar, you get transparency about who posts comments on your site.

What is password salting?

Password salting is a technique to protect passwords stored in databases by adding a string
of 32 or more
characters and then hashing them. Salting prevents hackers who breach an enterprise
environment from reverse-
engineering passwords and stealing them from the database.
Password salting increases password complexity, making them unique and secure without
affecting user
experience. It also helps prevent hash table attacks and slows down brute-force and
dictionary attacks.
what is Session handling
Session management refers to the process of securely handling multiple requests to a web-
based application or
service from a single user or entity. Websites and browsers use HTTP to communicate, and a
session is a series
of HTTP requests and transactions initiated by the same user. Typically, a session is started
when a user
authenticates their identity using a password or another authentication protocol. Session
management involves
the sharing of secrets with authenticated users, and as such, secure cryptographic network
communications are essential to maintaining session management security

template hierarchy
The template hierarchy is a system WordPress uses to quickly determine which template file
is required to display a selected web page on your website. This call-up feature is built into
WordPress and happens behind the scenes, in milliseconds, when someone lands on pages
within your theme.
The files served up are based on the type of page to be displayed — for example, whether
the
web page needs to display as a Page, a Post, a Category page, or a Search page all have
different looks and content requirements.
A web page will also pull up several different template files when it loads – these all tell
WordPress how to render the final page. For example, if a web page needs to have a
sidebar,
then the sidebar.php template file will instruct it on doing that.

Definition
Role
A role is an identifier of the user's status in some context. For example: Teacher, Student
and
Forum moderator are examples of roles.
Capability
A capability is a description of some particular Moodle feature. Capabilities are associated
with roles. For example, mod/forum:replypost is a capability.
Permission
A permission is some value that is assigned for a capability for a particular role. For example,
allow or prevent.
Context
A context is a "space" in the Moodle, such as courses, activity modules, blocks etc.
NaN
NaN stands for Not a Number. It represents a value which is not a valid number. It can be
used to check whether a number entered is a valid number or not a number. To assign a
variable to NaN value,
var a = NaN
var a = Number.NaN
Html
What is HTML?
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements
HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this
is a link", etc.
HTML Formatting Elements
<b> - Bold text
<strong> - Important text
<i> - Italic text
<em> - Emphasized text
<mark> - Marked text
<small> - Smaller text
<del> - Deleted text
<ins> - Inserted text
<sub> - Subscript text
<sup> - Superscript text

Moodle
Moodle is a free, online Learning Management system enabling educators to create their
own
private website filled with dynamic courses that extend learning, any time, anywhere.
Whether you're a teacher, student or administrator, Moodle can meet your needs.
Moodle’s
extremely customisable core comes with many standard features. Take a look at a highlight
of Moodle's core features below and download the file Moodle features for students (pdf)
comparing the LMS, Moodle app and offline features.
Characteristics
Modern, easy to use interface
Designed to be responsive and accessible, the Moodle interface is easy to navigate on both
desktop and mobile devices.
Personalised Dashboard
Display current, past and future courses, along with tasks due.
Collaborative tools and activities
Work and learn together in forums, wikis, glossaries, database activities, and much more.
All-in-one calendar
Moodle’s calendar tool helps you keep track of your academic or company calendar, course
deadlines, group meetings, and other personal events.
Various role moodle
Admins:-
Admin users will be assigned the default legacy admin role in the system (site) context in
Moodle 1.7-1.9. In Moodle 2.0 admins do not have any role assigned at all, this role was
replaced by Manager role.
Course Creators:-
Course Creators will be assigned the default legacy course creator role in the system (site)
context. Course creators are intended to create course only, nothing else! Once the creator
creates a new course they are usually enrolled into course with default creator role.
Teachers:-
Users who were teachers will be assigned the default legacy teacher role (or non-editing
teacher role) in all courses they were teacher.
Students:-
Users who were students will be assigned the default student role in all courses they were
student.
Guests;-
There will still be a single guest user with no default role at site level. For each course that
allows guest access, the guest role will be assigned to the guest user for that course context.
The guest control for the course will be modified from three to two options (guests always
need to enter enrolment key - on/off). This setting is checked as now to force guests to
enter
key.