Simple Permanent Tissues are of three types

01 Parenchyma

02 Collenchyma

03 Sclerenchyma
03 Sclerenchyma

Sclerenchyma cells are dead, narrow and long cells and

they are devoid of protoplasm and intercellular spaces.

The walls of cells of sclerenchyma are greatly thickened

with deposition of lignin. Such cell walls are called lignified.
LOCATION

They are found in stems of some plants (around the

vascular bundle), hard coverings of seed and nuts.

Functions

Provides mechanical support.

It makes the plant hard and stiff.

Sclerenchymatous cells are of two types in structure :

Sclerenchyma

Fibres Sclereid
Fibres

They constitute the major mechanical tissue of the plants

and are abundantly found in plants

Often dead at maturity, thick secondary cell walls.

Functions- support, provide strength.

Location- throughout the plant body.

Example Jute, Flax, Hemp , Husk of Coconut
Sclereid

They are found in various parts of the plant such as cortex,

pith, phloem, hard seed coats..
They are highly thickened and irregularly shaped dead
cells.

Sclereids provide strength to seed covering and grittiness to

the pulp of many fruits, such as guava, apple and pear.
 Difference Between Parenchyma,Collenchyma,Sclerenchyma

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Consists of living Consists of living Consists of dead cells.

cells. cells.

Intercellular spaces Intercellular spaces Intercellular spaces are

are usually present are usually absent. usually absent.
or may be absent.

Cells contain Cells contain Cells devoid of

cytoplasm. cytoplasm. cytoplasm.
 Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Cell wall is thin Cell wall is thick Cell wall is thick with
without secondary with pectin lignin deposition.
deposition. deposition.

Functions- synthesis Function – provide Function – provide

and storage of food.. support and mechanical strength.
elasticity to plant.
Complex Permanent Tissue
The complex tissues consist of more than one type of cells.
All these cell coordinate to perform a common function.
 Complex Permanent tissue

Xylem or wood Phloem or bast

Xylem or wood

(a) Tracheids

(b) Tracheae or vessels Dead elements

(c) Xylem fibres

(d) Xylem parenchyma Living element