DATA COMMUNICATIONS

AND NETWORKING
Network Topologies
¨  the physical and/or electrical configuration of
cabling and connections comprising a network – the
shape of the system.
Types of Network Topologies
¨  Bus – devices are connected to a common cable.

¨  Ring – devices are connected to a common cable

which loops from machine to machine.

¨  Star – device has its own cable run connecting the
device to a common hub or concentrator.
Types of Network Topologies
¨  Tree – star of stars network. Each device is
connected to its own port on a concentrator in the
same manner as in a star.

¨  Mesh – consists of a network where every device on

the network is physically connected to every other
device on the network.
¨  Local Area Network (LAN) – group of computers
linked electronically to form a common work
environment. It facilitates sharing of application
and data.
¨  Wide Area Network (WAN) – geographically

dispersed telecommunication network covering

multiple buildings, often across the world.
¨  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – intermediate

form of network in terms of geography.

Network Hardware
¨  Includes all computers, peripherals and other
equipment needed to perform communication and
processing within the network.

1.  File Server – most powerful computer in the

network.
2.  Workstations – computers connected to the
network which uses the resources in the file server.
Network Hardware
3.  Network Interface Card (NIC) – provides physical
connection between the network and the computer
workstation.
4.  Hub or concentrator – device that provides a
central connection point for cables in the network.
5.  Repeater
6.  Bridges – device that segments a large network.
7.  Routers – translates information from one network
to another.
Network Operating System
¨  Basic software that contains basic functionalities
required for building effective network.

Basic Functions:
1. Data Sharing
2. Printing sharing
3. Security Management
Network Management
¨  Configuration management – collection and
management of information on current network
resources as well as on changes in network
configuration.
¨  Fault management – monitoring system errors to

perform automated recovery processes.

¨  Security management – monitoring the state of

access on the network.

Network Management
¨  Performance management – monitoring response
time and traffic load to manage and maintain the
performance of the network.

¨  Service charge management – monitoring and

analyzing of information indicating the use of
network resources.
INTERNET
¨  INTERNET PROTOCOL SERVICE=WWW
¤  EMAIL, FTP – FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
¨  HTTP- HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
¨  URL – UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR

¨  IP ADDRESS

¨  YAHOO= 192.168.255.25

¨  DNS- DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

¨  www.pup.edu.ph
¨  Tim Berners Lee

¨  www – server name

¨  pup - name of organization

¨  Edu – type of organization

¨  Ph – country specifier

¨  .gov
¨  .org

¨  .mil

¨  .edu

¨  .com

¨  .biz

¨  .net