CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background and Rationale of the Study

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the

SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus can experience mild to

moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.

However, some can become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older

people and those with co-morbidities like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic

respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone

can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age.

The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed

about the disease and how the virus spreads. One way is to protect oneself and

others from infection by staying at least 1 meter apart from others, wearing a

properly fitted mask, and washing of hands or using an alcohol-based rub

frequently. It is also advisable to get vaccinated during one’s turn and follow local

guidance. The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small

liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles

range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols. It is important to practice

respiratory etiquette, for example, by coughing into a flexed elbow, and to stay

home and self-isolate until recovery if feeling unwell.

The first COVID-19 case in the Philippines was observed on March 7, 2020

in Metro Manila, an adult woman from Wuhan, China who came to the country as a

tourist. Ten days later, or exactly on March 17, 2021, President Duterte placed the

entire island of Luzon under enhanced community quarantine (ECQ), the strictest

of these measures and is effectively a total lockdown. There were three instances

1
of the ECQ being implemented in Luzon. The first was implemented between

March 17 and May 31, 2020. Then on Aug. 19, 2020, after being placed

under enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) for two weeks, Metro Manila and its

neighbouring provinces were under a more relaxed quarantine status known as the

modified ECQ (MECQ) from 21 to 31 August 2020.

When the number of COVID-19 cases went down, many places in the

country were placed under the General Community Quarantine (GCQ), a form of

quarantine with moderate and lenient measures as compared to ECQ and MECQ.

It was implemented in provinces or cities that have a moderate to low risk of

COVID-19 where individual outdoor exercise such as outdoor walks, jogging,

running or biking were allowed within GCQ areas. Provided, that the minimum

health standards and precautions such as the wearing of masks and the

maintenance of social distancing protocols are observed. After this, or on February

17, 2021, the Modified General Community Quarantine or MGCQ was declared in

several areas in the entire country wherein businesses can further increase their

operating capacities to as much as full capacity with the transition to MGCQ based

on IATF guidelines. For businesses operating at 75% capacity in GCQ areas,

these can increase to 100% in MGCQ. For those operating at 50% in GCQ areas,

these can go up to 75% in MGCQ.

In general, the shift from one type of quarantine to another has been

practiced in many provinces and cities in the country depending on the situation or

the number of Covid-19 cases in a specific area. One particular place where the

shifting of quarantine type was observed several times is Tuguegarao City, in

Cagayan province. Through Executive Order No. 18-211, City Ordinance No. 06-

2
08-2021 placed Tuguegarao City under General Community Quarantine (GCQ) for

seven days, beginning at 12:01 a.m. on February 4, 2021 (Thursday) and ending at

midnight on February 10, 2021 (Wednesday). The Ordinance which provides

penalties for violations, cited that “it is the state's objective to preserve and promote

people's right to health, while Section 15 of Article II of the 1987 Philippine

Constitution states, “whereas, the Local Government Units are authorized to

exercise powers necessary, appropriate or incidental for their efficient and effective

governance and those which are essential to the promotion of general welfare" as

per Section 16 of Republic Act No. 7160, also known as the Local Government

Code of 1991; Whereas, the World Health Organization has declared Coronavirus

Disease (COVID-19) a pandemic, and President Rodrigo R. Duterte has declared

the Philippines under a State of Public Health Emergency in response, through

Proclamation No. 922; Due to a surge in COVID-19 infections”.

Thus, Cabagan was placed under Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ)

for 15 days from March 29, 2021 to April 15, 2021. At that time, the city had a total

of 111 recoveries, 74 of them in only one day, and expects to have one hundred

thirty recoveries in the next six days, or until April 20, 2021.

Whatever the type of quarantine is observed in any locality, the community

residents are the most affected in terms of their movements especially in acquiring

or purchasing their immediate necessities such as food and medicines during the

pandemic. As a result, the presence of checkpoints manned by local police officers

have become a common sight in every municipality. Hence, the researchers opted

to conduct this study to find out the level of awareness of the community residents

on the checkpoint protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.

3
Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of community

residents on the checkpoint protocols of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in

Cabagan, Isabela during the pandemic.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

1.1 age

1.2 sex

1.3 civil status

1.4 educational attainment

1.5 occupation

2. What is the level of awareness of the communities groups of respondents

on the checkpoint protocols imposed by the PNP in the municipality during the

COVID-19 pandemic in terms of:

2.1 proper wearing of face masks

2.2 proper wearing of face shield

2.3 observance of social distancing (1 meter apart)

2.4 showing travel pass issued by the barangay

2.5 permit to transport animals

2.6 limited number of riders in tricycles (2 passengers plus driver)

2.7 no back riding on single motorcycle

2.8 regular use of sanitizer/alcohol

3. Is there a significant in the level of awareness of the five group of

respondent?

4
Objective

This study aimed to find out the level of awareness of community residents

on the checkpoint protocols of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Cabagan,

Isabela during the pandemic.

Significance of the Study

The findings in this research work may be beneficial to the following:

Local Government Unit (LGU) Cabagan – Concerned government officials

in the municipality may use the results of this study as guide in planning,

monitoring, and evaluation of health protocols in order to reduce the Covid-19

infection among the people in the municipality.

PNP Cabagan Station – The vital information gathered from this study will

provide directions in improving police officers’ performance in manning the

checkpoints to ensure strict compliance among the travel of residents.

The Community. Through the results of the study, the people of the

municipality shall become more aware and even more compliant with the protocols

imposed by the PNP in the designated checkpoints within the municipality.

Researchers – Students of law enforcement administration (LEA) will

obtain basic information on checkpoint establishment with emphasis on strict

enforcement of protocols and other regulations intended to maintain peace and

Future Researchers – Results of the study will guide future researchers in

identifying other issues and problems related to establishment of checkpoints,

imposition of protocols and monitoring of compliance among community residents.

5
 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research is mainly focused on determining the level of awareness of the

community residents or respondents on the checkpoint protocols imposed by the

Philippine National Police (PNP) Cabagan Station during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Definition of Terms

For a clearer understanding of the study, the following terms are defined:

Assessment - Is a manner of judging or determining the significance, worth

or quality of something. In the study, it refers to the act of assessing the

performance of the respondents in terms of their job as police officers.

Checkpoint – Refers to a barrier or manned entrance established by the

PNP, and typically at a border where travelers are subject to security checks.

Community awareness - Means the consciousness of the local residents

regarding health protocols during a pandemic

Enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) - The strictest of control

measures against the spread of the coronavirus imposed by the government and is

effectively a total lockdown.

General community quarantine GCQ) – Is a form of quarantine with

moderate and lenient measures as compared to ECQ and MECQ.

Immediate necessities – Refers to the basic goods and commodities

needed by households during the pandemic.

Law enforcement – Is the task of ensuring the provision of security for

citizens going about their daily lives in accordance with a nation’s legal framework

mainly through deterrence and prevention, but also by appropriate interventions to

stop violations of the law.

6
 Level of awareness - Is the extent of knowledge or consciousness of the

community residents on checkpoint protocols.

Modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) – Is a form of

quarantine with moderate restrictions as compared to the ECQ.

Modified general community quarantine (MGCQ) – A form of quarantine

imposed in an area but with lesser or moderate restrictions as compare with GCQ.

Performance – Refers to the accomplishment of a given task measured

against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed.

Protocols – Are precautionary measures or regulations imposed by the

concerned higher authorities such as the Department of Health (DOH) and the

World Health Organization (WHO) in the interest of everyone’s health and well-

being in the country in promoting simple but effective habits that the public can

adapt to help contain the spread of Covid-19. in

Respondents – Refers to the barangay constituents in Cabagan, Isabela to

obtain their general assessment on the level of awareness on checkpoint protocols.

Social Distancing – Is the practice of maintaining a physical distance (six

feet or more) from other people to avoid direct contact with people in public

places during the outbreak of a contagious disease. Department of Tourism

(DOT) ensures that tourism eh

7
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents articles and studies which are relevant to the present

study, both local and foreign, which contain information on the research problem at

hand and also provide explanations and logical connections between previous

researches and the present work.

Foreign Literature and Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world to

implement unprecedented lockdowns, mandating businesses to shut down for

extended periods of time. Previous studies have modeled the impact of disruptions

to the economy at static and dynamic settings. This study develops a model to fulfil

the need to account for the sustained disruption resulting from the extended

shutdown of business operations. Using a persistent inoperability input-output

model (PIIM), we are able to show that (1) sectors that suffer higher levels of

inoperability during quarantine period may recover faster depending on their

resilience; (2) initially unaffected sectors can suffer inoperability levels higher than

directly affected sectors over time; (3) the economic impact on other regions not

under lockdown is also significant.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt the world as the number of

cases continues to escalate. While some countries have managed to bring the

outbreak under control in the past months, others are still experiencing a

continuous increase in the number of new cases. Several countries in Europe are

now experiencing a second wave. In the absence of a vaccine, there is a need to

“flatten the curve” to avoid overwhelming each country’s healthcare system

(Flaxman et al. 2020). Governments have adapted non-pharmaceutical

8
interventions (NPIs) to control the transmission of the disease. Extreme measures

such as lockdowns and mandatory business and school closures have been

implemented in most countries (Ullah and Khan 2020).

In addition to causing direct economic losses during the closure, the

extended lockdowns pose the socioeconomic risk of irreversible closure of

businesses, with the attendant ripple effects. Travel restrictions remain

(International Air Transport Association 2020), causing airlines to incur losses.

Tourism-intensive economies have experienced increasing unemployment resulting

from the decline in tourism demand (United Nations Conference on Trade and

Development 2020). Commercial establishments have observed mandatory

closures during the lockdown period. Limited availability of public transportation

services has caused mobility and accessibility problems for consumers and

workers alike (Suman et al. 2020).

Amid school closures, businesses largely dependent on students and school

employees as their clientele, especially in college towns, may have to close (Wong

2020). In the United States alone, a total of 72,842 establishments listed on Yelp

have permanently shut down (Pesce, 2020). Close to two-thirds of small

businesses, which account for nearly half of American employment, are at risk of

permanent closure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (Powe and Wagner

2020). Similar difficulties are being experienced in virtually all countries affected by

COVID-19.

Significant declines in GDP have been reported worldwide as a direct

consequence of the pandemic (International Monetary Fund 2020). International

organizations have further decreased their economic forecasts for 2020 due to the

pandemic (Asian Development Bank 2020; International Monetary Fund 2020;

9
World Bank 2020). Economies around the world are expected to experience

negative levels of growth despite the stimulus packages that each government has

implemented.

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the impact of COVID-19

to the economy. Using a cross-country panel data analysis, Alfano and Ercolano

(2020) were able to show that lockdowns have been effective in reducing the basic

reproduction number (R0) across countries and they asserted that relaxing

lockdown measures should be done with caution to avoid reversal of such effects.

Nicola et al. (2020) discussed the impact of COVID-19 on several economic sectors

and recommend that governments prepare for medium- and long-term recovery

strategies.

Laing (2020) observed that the mining industry is not immune to the short-

term negative impacts of COVID-19. Yu and Aviso (2020) identified models for

assessing the impact of disease outbreaks to the economy through its dependence

on supply chains, and highlighted the potential for cross-border effects through

global value chains. In addition to the reduced demand for workers, forced

workforce absenteeism may further amplify the decline in economic output (Santos

2020a). Input-output models have been used to identify the sectoral impacts of

operational disruptions due to the pandemic.

Xiao et al. (2020) illustrated the global value chain and identified the large

economies such as China, Germany, and the United States as regional centers for

trade. This study provides insights on how trade will be affected as factories shut

down in some parts of the world. Giammetti et al. (2020) used a partial hypothetical

extraction technique to demonstrate how the “locked value added” approach can

be used to model the reduced capacity of various sectors in Italy resulting from the

10
lockdown. However, this methodology does not factor in the resilient nature of

sectors to recover over time. Santos (2020b) implemented a dynamic inoperability

input-output model (DIIM) to estimate the impact of forced workforce absenteeism

due to the COVID-19 pandemic and simulated the impact of potential strategies for

“flattening the curve” such as containment, suppression, and mitigation with

workforce continuity.

Previous studies have explored the occurrence of pandemics, and provide

an overview of potential policies that governments may opt to implement. Hak et al.

(2006) proposed an arithmetic decision tree model approach to measure the health

and economic impacts of a possible influenza pandemic on the Dutch economy

through considering demographic categories, varying attack rates, and healthcare

information. They found that to minimize total mortality and achieve the maximum

net economic returns, interventions targeted towards people ages 20 to 64 will yield

the best results as they have the highest transmission and contact rates. Most

analyses have considered pandemics to cause disruptions that last up to four

months. Furthermore, these studies looked into pandemics that are contained

within a country. For example, Smith et al. (2009) assessed the economy-wide

impact of a pandemic influenza in the UK. They presented several pandemic

mitigation measures such as vaccination, school closures, and prophylactic

absenteeism.

Prager et al. (2016) categorized the impact of an influenza outbreak on the

economy through its effect on workforce participation, medical expenditures,

avoidance behavior, and economic resilience. These are measured thru reduction

in the workforce, increase in spending on medical services, working from home,

keeping children from school, reduction in inbound and outbound international

11
travel, reduction in domestic travel, leisure activities, and public transportation use,

and recapturing production through overtime or increased shifts. While these can

control the spread of the pandemic, they have substantial repercussions. Persistent

avoidance behavior will lead to changes in behavior that can extend beyond the

pandemic. Inoperability input-output models have been used to assess the impact

of previous pandemics on the economy.

Orsi and Santos (2010) extended the dynamic inoperability input-output

model to account for workforce absenteeism through the FluWorkLoss database

with varying attack rates. Santos et al. (2013) considered the impact of the 2009

H1N1 that had two waves over a 42-week interval. These studies were able to

identify the critical economic sectors during a pandemic. El Haimar and Santos

(2015) proposed a stochastic recovery model that factors inoperability and

economic losses as risk metrics with a possible surge in the pandemic. The current

pandemic has gone on longer than imagined, with a global scope and no

commercially available pharmaceutical intervention to date. The world has resolved

to adapt non-pharmaceutical measures that have severely affected the global

economy (doi:10.3390/economies8040109).

Local Literature and Studies

Coronavirus (COVID-19), a highly transmittable disease that threatens the

human population worldwide, is considered to be the third pandemic in the 21st

century (Perlman, 2020). After the emergence of the Middle East respiratory

syndrome coronavirus or MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia and the severe acute

respiratory syndrome coronavirus or SARS-CoV in China, the new SARS-like

coronavirus was discovered last December 2019 (Zhou et al., 2020). This virus was

12
linked to a wholesale seafood market in Wuhan, China, when an unknown

pathogen was identified by the local hospitals in a group of patients who are

accustomed to pneumonia (Zhu et al., 2020; Fan et al., 2020). Adnan Shereen et

al. (2020) initially mentioned that patients who have been infected by the

coronavirus in China might have gone to Wuhan where live animals were being

sold. Later, Chinese researchers determined a human-to-human transmission of

the virus and initially named the novel virus Wuhan coronavirus or 2019 novel

coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (Adamet al., 2020).

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)recently named

the novel coronavirus SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), which is now generally

called coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19) (Gorbalenya et al., 2020a, b). Details

about this epidemic were released by the National Health Commission of China on

January 12, 2020 (Wang et al., 2020). This virus outbreak has grown extensively to

infect 13,575,158 people worldwide and has led to 584,940 death cases as of July

17, 2020 (WHO, 2020a, b). On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization

listed COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

Due to the global pandemic of COVID-19, several prevention measures

were taken. A massive lockdown has been implemented by governments in several

countries. In addition, “#StayAtHome" was promoted by the media to prevent the

spread of COVID-19. Researchers are currently developing a vaccine; as yet, there

is no effective medicine that has been invented for the treatment ofCOVID-19

infections (Paital et al., 2020). At the moment, the only remedial option is

hospitalization and thorough care management. With few initial treatment

medications, predicting the duration and final size of the virus in every country

13
becomes critical for policy makers and public health authorities to prevent further

spread of the outbreak.

Despite the availability of different studies about preventive measures in

other countries, there is a significant lack of academic research addressing the

COVID-19 situation in the Philippines.

On March 17, 2020, the country was placed under community quarantine for

six months (CSIS, 2020). However, on July 16, 2020, the Philippines was declared

to have the highest number of active cases in Southeast Asia. The Department of

Health of the Philippines (DoH) reported 61,266 confirmed cases of the infection

and 1643 deaths in the Philippines as of July 17, 2020. On March 16, 2020, The

Philippine government imposed a total lockdown in Luzon, known as the Enhanced

Community Quarantine (ECQ), as a preventive measure to minimize the COVID-19

outbreak. This ECQ is widely known as one of the longest lockdowns in the world.

Under the ECQ, all modes of domestic travel, including ground, air, and sea, were

suspended. Residents were not allowed to leave their homes except in case of

emergencies. Border closures and entry bans were also enforced. Thousands of

police officers and military personnel were deployed at checkpoints to ensure that

people complied with the lockdown.

The Duterte administration also implemented, through several platforms as

preventive measures, strict social distancing (Duddu, 2020, CSIS, 2020) and

educated the community on healthy lifestyles.

A study was conducted by Prasetyo et al. (2020) regarding the factors

affecting perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures among

Filipinos during Enhanced Community Quarantine in Luzon, Philippines by

integrating protection motivation theory and extended theory of planned behavior.

14
In this study, A total of 649 Filipinos answered an online questionnaire, which

contained 63 questions. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to derive

the causal relationships of the latent variables construct. Results showed that

showed that understanding of COVID-19 had significant direct effects on perceived

vulnerability and perceived severity. Also, perceived vulnerability and perceived

severity had significant indirect effects on intention to follow. Intention to follow had

significant direct effects on actual behavior and adapted behavior, which

subsequently led to perceived effectiveness.

Of note, an understanding of COVID-19 was found to have a significant

indirect effect on perceived effectiveness. The researchers concluded that the

study is one of the first studies to analyze factors affecting the perceived

effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures during the global pandemic. It is

proposed that the integrated PMT and extended TPB of this study can be applied

and extended to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 measures in

other countries that are currently dealing with COVID-19 pandemic.

Meanwhile, Executive Order No. (E.O.) 168, s. 2014 created the Inter-

Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF) to

facilitate inter-sectoral collaboration to establish preparedness and ensure efficient

government response to assess, monitor, contain, control, and prevent the spread

of any potential epidemic in the Philippines. The salient features of this EO include:

“Section 2(c) mandates the IATF to prevent and/or minimize the local spread of

emerging infectious diseases in the country through the establishment or

reinforcement of a system in screening possible patients infected with emerging

infectious diseases, contact tracing, identification of the mode of exposure to the

virus, and implementation of effective quarantine and proper isolation procedures”.

15
 The March 18, 2020 Memorandum from the Office of the Executive

Secretary directed all heads of departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of

government, including the Philippine National Police (PNP), Armed Force of the

Philippines (AFP), and the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG), government-owned and

controlled corporations (GOCCs), Government Financial Institutions (GFIs), State

Universities and Colleges (SUCs), and Local Government Units (LGUs) to adopt,

coordinate, and implement guidelines which the IATF may issue on the COVID-19

situation, consistent with the respective agency mandates and relevant laws, rules,

and regulations”. Thus, the EO concludes that” “therefore, in consideration of the

premises set forth herein, the IATF issues these Omnibus Guidelines to harmonize

and codify existing policies of the IATF and member-agencies pertaining to

community quarantine, which shall be applied to all regions, provinces, cities,

municipalities and barangays placed under community quarantine

(www.officialgazette.gov.ph).

A coding scheme was also implemented during the ECQ and GCQ which

allowed public transportation to operate on a very limited basis. This coding

scheme applied wherein tricycles with plate numbers ending in 1, 2 , 3, 4, and 5

were allowed to operate on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays and those

ending in 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0 would operate from Thursday to Sunday of the week.

Likewise, back riding in motorcycles was allowed provided that a barangay

certification is secured certifying that the passenger and the driver are members of

the same household.

Meanwhile, in the province of Isabela, Executive Order No.14, series of

2021, and issued on March 29, 2021, placed the entire province under General

Community Quarantine (GCQ) from March 29, 2021 to April 15,2021 unless further

16
extended, modified or withdrawn. This executive order explained the prohibitions

and enumerated the activities that are allowed during the General Community

Quarantine (GCQ) as follows:

Prohibited: All mass gathering including all religious gatherings, meetings,

seminars and other activities with more than ten (10) persons. Basketball,

volleyball, group biking involving five (5) or more people, gambling where there are

more than two (2) participants, gamers or bettors, dine-in restaurants.

Allowed: Social gatherings such as weddings, baptism, and funerals,

provided only maximum of ten (10) persons attending, funeral wake provided that it

must not exceed five (5) days from the death and a maximum of 10 persons in

attending funerals, and in restaurants - delivery and take out services only.

It is important to note that more checkpoints might be added at any given

moment and as such this list may change at any given time. The government

authorities also advise motorists to be aware of checkpoint operations by LGUs in

areas that they intend to pass through. Motorists are also further advised to

cooperate and comply with the instructions at the checkpoints to ensure everyone’s

safety and security as well as to ensure a smooth flow of traffic through the area in

order to cooperate with law enforcement officers assigned in the area. These

policies are meant to avoid the worsening of the pandemic and also to make it

easier for law enforcers to perform their duties in the established checkpoints.

Last March 2021, or one year after the first lockdown was declared due to

ECQ, the Philippines found itself struggling with an unanticipated surge of COVID-

19 cases. As COVID-19 cases reported daily continued to soar up to ,5000 to 6000

per day, and with an all-time high recorded at 15,310 on April 2 (Magsambol,

2021b), the government had placed once again the National Capital Region and

17
nearby provinces in strict lockdown to prevent further spread (“Philippines

Announces Strict COVID Lockdown in and around Manila,” 2021). Although there

appeared a slight optimism in addressing the problem because of the availability

and efficacy of vaccines, the problem was further exacerbated by the delays in

procurement and significantly high vaccine hesitancy among the general public

(Magsambol, 2021a).

The issues that emerged a year into the pandemic begged the question of

whether the government has been effective in managing the crisis. In the recent

evaluation of the international think tank Lowy Institute, the Philippines ranks 82 out

of 102 countries in pandemic response, taking into consideration the important

metrics such as the number of cases, deaths, individuals tested, as well as their

proportions with the total population (Covid Performance Index: Deconstructing

Pandemic Responses, 2021). Moreover, a survey taken by the Singapore-based

ASEAN Studies Centre found high levels of disapproval among Filipinos towards

the government’s pandemic response.

Despite these evaluations, local surveys from independent poll groups

reported high levels of trust and satisfaction towards the government and the

President himself (“Duterte Approval Rating Rises to 91% amid Pandemic,

Cayetano Suffers Drop – Survey,” 2020; Valente, 2021). When it comes to the

performance of local government units (LGU), people have varied receptions as

LGUs employ unique strategies in addressing the crisis locally. This reality and the

lack of a common metric aside from health-related indicators complicate the

attempt to evaluate the government’s response to the current crisis

[https://poseidon01.ssrn. com/delivery.php?ID]

18
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents and discusses the research design, research locale,

respondents of the study, data gathering tool, data gathering procedures, and

statistical tools that were used to analyze and interpret the data to be gathered.

Research Design

The descriptive method of investigation was used in this research which

gathered adequate and reliable data on the profile of the respondents and an

evaluation on their level of awareness on checkpoint protocols of the Philippine

National Police (PNP) amidst the COVID-10 pandemic.

Research Locale

This research was conducted in five barangays, namely, Casibarag Sur,

Catabayungan, Cubag, Ngarag, and Ugad, in the municipality of Cabagan, Isabela.

Respondents of the Study

Fifty (50) respondents who are community residents and 21 years old or

above were randomly selected from five (5) randomly selected barangays in

Cabagan, Isabela at 10 respondents per barangay.

Data Gathering Tool

19
 A structured survey questionnaire with two parts was used to gather the

needed information and data from the respondents. Part 1 gathered the

respondents’ profile data in terms of age, gender, civil status, and educational

attainment. Part 2 consists of items to assess the level of awareness of the

respondents on the checkpoint protocols amidst the pandemic.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers initially requested permission to float the questionnaires to

the respondents and upon approval, they personally distributed the questionnaires

to the respondents. To make sure that the data are reliable and valid, the

researchers also provided additional explanations to the respondents.

Statistical Treatment

Simple statistical tools such as frequency and percentage distribution were

used for the data on the socio-demographic profile such as age, gender, civil

status, and educational attainment, and occupation.

In determining the respondents’ level of awareness on checkpoint protocols,

a 5-point Likert scale as shown below was used.

Numerical Value Mean Range Descriptive Rating

5 4.21 – 5.00 Very Much Aware

4 3.41 – 4.20 Much Aware

3 2.61 – 3.40 Aware

2 1.81 – 2.60 Moderately Aware

1 1.00 – 1.80 Not Aware at All

20
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

I. BARANGAY CASIBARAG

Table 1.1 Age

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 1 2

31 – 40 3 6

41 – 50 0 0

51 – 60 3 6

61 – above 3 6

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 5 age brackets and brackets 31-40,

51-60, 61 above dominated with 60 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.2 Sex

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

21
 Male 3 6

Female 7 14

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 2 sex brackets and bracket under sex

is 14 percent of 100 percent.

Table 1.3 Civil Status

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

According to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 3 6

Married 7 14

Widow/Widower 0 0

Separated 0 0

Total 10 100

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and brackets

and bracket under married is 14 percent of 100 percent.

Table 1.4 Educational Attainment

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

22
 Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 2 4

High School Level 5 10

College Level 3 6

Total 10 100

As can be seen in the table, there are 3 educational attainment brackets and

bracket under married is 10 percent of 100 percent.

Table 1.5 Assessment of the Respondents

Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness

of the Respondents on PNP Checkpoint Protocols of Brgy, Casibarag

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 4.8 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 4.7 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 4.7 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.7 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4.2 Much Aware

barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 4.6 Very Much Aware

driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.6 Very Much Aware

23
 8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 4.8 Very Much Aware

9. Vaccination cards 4.8 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.6 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of awareness

on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented In this barangay

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.6 and which

implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations

imposed by the national and local government in the locality.

II. BARANGAY CATABAYUNGAN

Table 1.1 Age

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 2 4

31 – 40 4 8

41 – 50 1 2

51 – 60 2 4

61 – above 1 2

Total 10 20

24
 As can be seen in the table, there are 5 age brackets and brackets 31-40,

dominated with 8 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.2 Sex

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 5 10

Female 5 10

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 2 sex brackets and bracket under

female and male has the same results dominated with 10 percent of respondents

out of the 100.

Table 1.3 Civil Status

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

According to Civil Status

25
 Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 1 2

Married 9 18

Widow/Widower 0 0

Separated 0 0

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and bracket under

married has dominated with 18 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.4 Educational Attainment

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 2 4

High School Level 4 8

College Level 4 8

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 3 educational attainment brackets and

bracket under High school and college level dominated with 8 percent of

respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.5 Assessment of the Respondents

26
Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness of the Respondents on

PNP Checkpoint Protocols of Brgy, Catabayungan

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 5 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 5 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 5 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.8 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4 Much Aware

barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 4.6 Very Much Aware

driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.9 Very Much Aware

8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 4.9 Very Much Aware

9. Vaccination cards 5 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.8 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of awareness

on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented in this barangay

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.8 and which

implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations

imposed by the national and local government in the locality

27
 III. BARANGAY CUBAG

Table 1.1 Age

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 3 6

31 – 40 2 4

41 – 50 3 6

51 – 60 0 0

61 – above 2 4

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 5 age brackets and brackets under

21-30 and 41-50 dominated with 6 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.2 Sex

28
 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 1 2

Female 9 18

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 2 sex brackets and bracket under female

dominated with 18 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.3 Civil Status

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

According to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 3 6

Married 7 14

Widow/Widower 0 0

Separated 0 0

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and bracket

under married with 14 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.4 Educational Attainment

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

29
 Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 3 6

High School Level 4 8

College Level 3 6

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 3 educational attainment brackets and

bracket under High school dominated with 8 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.5 Assessment of the Respondents

Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness of the Respondents on

PNP Checkpoint Protocols of Brgy, Cubag

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 5 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 5 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 5 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.9 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4.4 Much Aware

30
barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 5 Very Much Aware

driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.8 Very Much Aware

8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 5 Very Much Aware

9. Vaccination cards 5 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.9 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of awareness

on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented In this barangay

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.9 and which

implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations

imposed by the national and local government in the locality

31
 IV. BARANGAY NGARAG

Table 1.1 Age

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 6 12

31 – 40 0 0

41 – 50 1 2

51 – 60 1 2

61 – above 2 4

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 5 age brackets and brackets under

21-30 dominated with 12 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.2 Sex

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

32
 Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 7 14

Female 3 6

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 2 sex brackets and bracket under

male dominated with 14 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.3 Civil Status

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

According to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 5 10

Married 4 8

Widow/Widower 0 0

Separated 1 2

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and bracket

under single with 10 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.4 Educational Attainment

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

33
 Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 3 6

High School Level 4 8

College Level 3 6

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and bracket

under married with 8 percent of respondents out of the 100

Table 1.5 Assessment of the Respondents

Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness

of the Respondents on PNP Checkpoint Protocols of Brgy, Ngarag

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 5 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 5 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 5 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.4 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4.4 Much Aware

barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 4.6 Very Much Aware

34
driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.7 Very Much Aware

8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 4.8 Very Much Aware

9. Vaccination cards 5 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.7 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of awareness

on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented In this barangay

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.7 and which

implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations

imposed by the national and local government in the locality

35
 V. BARANGAY UGAD

Table 1.1 Age

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 4 8

31 – 40 3 6

41 – 50 2 4

51 – 60 3 6

61 – above 0 0

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 5 age brackets and brackets under

21-30 dominated with 8 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.2 Sex

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

36
 Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 6 12

Female 4 8

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 2 sex brackets and bracket under

male dominated with 12 percent of respondents out of the 100.

Table 1.3 Civil Status

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

According to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 3 6

Married 7 14

Widow/Widower 0 0

Separated 0 0

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 civil status brackets and bracket

under married with 14 percent of respondents out of the 100

Table 1.4 Educational Attainment

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percentage

37
 Attainment

Elementary Level 1 2

High School Level 4 8

College Level 5 10

Total 10 20

As can be seen in the table, there are 4 educational attainment brackets and

bracket under college level with 10 percent of respondents out of the 100

Table 1.5 Assessment of the Respondents

Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness

of the Respondents on PNP Checkpoint Protocols of Brgy, Ugad

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 4.6 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 4.6 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 4.6 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.6 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4 Much Aware

barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 4.4 Very Much Aware

driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.2 Very Much Aware

8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 4.6 Very Much Aware

38
 9. Vaccination cards 4.6 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.4 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of awareness

on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented In this barangay

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.4 and which

implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations

imposed by the national and local government in the locality

This chapter presents the tabulated data generated from the structured survey

questionnaire, as well as the corresponding analysis and interpretation of

information gathered.

A. Profile of the Respondents

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Table 1

The study is about finding out the awareness of community in PNP

checkpoint protocols during Ecq and Gcq and how effective this was on preventing

the spreading of corona virus disease. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

had been declared as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

and has severely impacted the lives of individuals and families around the world,

particularly the vulnerable sectors such as the economy, education and healthcare.

39
 PNP CHECKPOINT PROTOCOLS LEVEL OF COMMUNITY
DURING ECQ’S AND GCQ’S AWARENESS

Overall result

Table 2.1 Age

Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage

21 – 30 16 32

31 – 40 12 24

41 – 50 7 14

51 – 60 7 14

61 – above 8 16

Total 50 100

Table 2 indicates the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents according to age ranging from 21 to 60 years old and above with an

interval of 10 years per age group. Data gathered show a wide distribution of the 50

respondents in the five age groups wherein 16 or 32 percent belong to the 21-30

40
age bracket. Next in rank is the 31-40 age group with 12 respondents or 24 percent

and the rest, 22 respondents or 44 percent are evenly distributed in the three older

age groups, namely, 41 to 50, 51 to 60 and 61 years old and above.

Table 2.2 Sex

Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 28 56

Female 22 44

Total 50 100

Table 3 shows that of the total 50 respondents, 28 or 56 percent are male

and 22 or 44 percent are female. This observation implies only a slight

predominance of male over female respondents in this study.

Table 2.3 Civil Status

Table 4

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents

41
 According to Civil Status

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 15 30

Married 34 68

Widow/Widower 1 2

Separated 0 0

Total 50 100

The frequency and percentage distribution of the 50 respondents according

to civil status are presented in Table 4 wherein a majority or 68 percent are

married, 15 respondents or 20 percent are single and only one is a widow/widower.

Table 2.4 Educational Attainment

Table 5

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According to

Educational Attainment

Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment

Elementary Level 11 22

High School Level 21 42

College Level 18 36

Total 50 100

42
 Table 5 indicates the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents in terms of educational attainment. Data show that 21 respondents

representing 42 percent reached the high school level of education, 18 or 36

percent in the college level while 11 or 22 percent finished the elementary grades.

Therefore, it can be said that all the respondents are literate.

B. Assessment of the Respondents

Table 6

Weighted Mean and Description of the Level of Awareness

of the Respondents on PNP Checkpoint Protocols

Checkpoint Protocols Weighted Description

Mean

1. Proper wearing of face mask 4.88 Very Much Aware

2. Proper wearing of face shield 4.86 Very Much Aware

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter 4.82 Very Much Aware

apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay 4.70 Very Much Aware

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the 4.20 Much Aware

barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus 4.66 Very Much Aware

driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle 4.64 Very Much Aware

43
 8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol 4.82 Very Much Aware

9. Vaccination cards 4.88 Very Much Aware

Overall 4.72 Very Much

Aware

Results of the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of

awareness on PNP checkpoint protocols are presented In Table 6,

All of the respondents are “Very Much Aware” in eight of the nine protocols

assessed which r resulted to an overall computed weighted mean of 4.72 and

which implies that they possess substantial knowledge of the checkpoint

regulations imposed by the national and local government in the locality. This

observation was noted in spite of being “Much Aware” regarding the issuance of

permits by the barangay in the transport of animals during the pandemic.

In essence, the respondents’ very high level of awareness is notable on the

following IATF-imposed regulations to avoid the spread of COVID-19 disease:

proper wearing of face mask and face shield outside the home, strict observance of

physical distancing or at least one meter apart from each other, presenting a travel

pass issued by the barangay, limited number of riders in a tricycle, no back riding in

motorcycles, Sanitary measures by regular washing of hands and using alcohol or

sanitizer, and presenting vaccination cards outside the home.

44
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consists of the summary of findings, conclusion and

recommendations based from the observations, analysis and interpretation of the

data gathered in the research work.

Summary of Findings

The descriptive method of investigation was used in this research which

gathered adequate and reliable data on the profile of the respondents and an

evaluation on their level of awareness on checkpoint protocols of the Philippine

National Police (PNP) amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It was conducted in five

barangays of Cabagan, Isabela, namely, Casibarag Sur, Catabayungan, Cubag,

Ngarag, and Ugad which involved a total of 50 respondents, community residents,

21 years old or above and were randomly selected at 10 respondents per

barangay. A two-part structured survey questionnaire was used in gathering profile

data such as age, gender, civil status, and educational attainment. Part 2 assessed

the level of awareness of the respondents on the checkpoint protocols amidst the

pandemic. The researchers personally distributed the questionnaires and provided

additional explanations to the respondents to ensure reliability and validity of the

45
data. Simple statistical tools such as frequency and percentage distribution were

used for the profile data while a 5-point Likert scale was used. In determining the

respondents’ level of awareness on checkpoint protocols.

The profile data of the 50 respondents in the study reveal show a wide

distribution in the five age groups with 16 in the 21-30 age bracket, 12 in the 31-40

age group, and 22 are in the three older age groups, namely, 41 to 50, 51 to 60

and 61 years old and above. A slight predominance of male over female

respondents was observed where 28 are male and 22 are female. A majority or 68

percent are married, 15 respondents or 20 percent are single and only one is a

widow/widower. In terms of educational attainment, 21 respondents in high school

level, 18 in the college level and 11 finished the elementary grades which implies

that all the respondents are literate.

Data on the assessment of the respondents in terms of their level of

awareness on PNP checkpoint protocols indicate that all of them are “Very Much

Aware” in eight of the nine protocols evaluated. This implies that they possess

substantial knowledge of the checkpoint regulations imposed by the national and

local government in the locality. The lowest assessment was noted regarding the

issuance of permits by the barangay in the transport of animals during the

pandemic. But in spite, it was still described as “Much Aware”, as it is only one step

lower in the rating ladder.

In essence, the respondents’ very high level of awareness is notable on the

following IATF-imposed regulations to avoid the spread of COVID-19 disease:

proper wearing of face mask and face shield outside the home, strict observance of

physical distancing or at least one meter apart from each other, presenting a travel

46
pass issued by the barangay, limited number of riders in a tricycle, no back riding in

motorcycles,

sanitary measures through regular washing of hands and using alcohol or sanitizer,

and presenting vaccination cards when outside the home.

Conclusion

Regardless of color, creed, socioeconomic rank, or ideology, the COVID-19

pandemic, which afflicted millions of people in over 200 countries and territories

around the world, has surely produced an atmosphere of fear, apprehension, and

even anxiety. It is undeniable that the global spread of the new coronavirus has

caused a massive public health and economic problem. One important takeaway

from this study's findings is the importance of personal and collective discipline,

particularly in terms of understanding and adherence to government standards. As

the findings show, becoming very aware or knowledgeable of health protocols,

along with a high level of compliance and obedience, is the solution to the problem.

Recommendations of rapid spreading of the corona virus disease can be stalled or

effectively controlled.

Recommendations

The concerned local government unit (LGU Cabagan) officials should be

formally informed about the results of this study, recommend the following:

1. The purpose of planning, monitoring, and evaluation of health protocols

relative to the COVID-19 pandemic.

47
2. The vital information gathered from this study should be relayed properly

to the police officers of PNP Cabagan to provide directions in improving

police officers’ performance in manning the checkpoints.

3. The barangay officials in the entire municipality, through the punong

barangay must be informed about the results of the study to become

more aware and more compliant with the protocols imposed by the PNP

in the designated checkpoints.

4. Issuance of permit for local shipment animals within the municipality.

5. The results of the study should be discussed or made available to

criminology or law enforcement administration students to guide them in

the conduct of future researches pertaining to other vital issues and

concerns relevant to the establishment of checkpoints, imposition of

protocols and monitoring of compliance among community residents.

48
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books, Journals, Publications, etc.

I. Baysa-Barredo JM (2020) Problematizing the Securitization of Covid-19 in

Southeast Asia: a necessary step towards an inclusive, rights-centred

normal. Available at: https://shapesea.com/ op-ed/problematizing-the-

securitization-of-covid- 19-in-southeast-asia-a-necessary-steptowards-

an-inclusive-rights-centred- normal/ (accessed 1 August 2020).

VI. Biba, S. (2016) From securitization moves to positive outcomes: the case

of the spring 2010 Mekong crisis. Security Dialogue 47(5): 420–439.

VII. Biong, I. (2020) Eleazar: number of ECQ violators, overall crime rate in

PH down. Inquirer.net. Available at:

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1268511/eleazar- number-of-ecq-

violators-overallcrime-rate-in-ph-down (accessed 2 May 2020).

VIII. Crisostomo, S. and Romero, A. (2020) Experts, palace: Filipinos not

‘pasaway’; confidence in confidence In Phl’s handling of Covid-19

crisis drops. One News. Available at: https://www.

49
 onenews.ph/experts-palace-filipinos-not- pasaway-confidence-in-phl-

s-handling-of-covid-19- crisis-drops (accessed 23 July 2020).

IX. Gonzales, A. (2020) Pandemic shuts down 26% of businesses – DTI poll.

The Manila Times. Available at:

https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/16/closure-of-26-of-ph- businesses-alarms-

dti/ (accessed 17 July 2020).

X. Google (2020) Covid-19 community mobility report, Philippines. Available

at: https://www.gstatic.com/covid19/mobility/2020-07-

25_PH_Mobility_Report_en.pdf (accessed 25 July 2020).

XI. Hallare, K. (2020a) DILG needs over 80K contact tracers for expanded

contact tracing efforts. Inquirer.net. Available at:

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1293861 /dilg-over-80000-

neededcontact-tracers-for-expanded-contact-tracing- efforts

(accessed 18 June 2020).

XII. Karl Hapal. The Philippines’ COVID-19 Response: Securitising the

Pandemic and Disciplining the Pasaway Journal of Current Southeast

Asian Affairs 2021, Vol. 40(2) 224–244

XIII. Yogi Tri Prasetyo, Allysa Mae Castillo, Louie John Salonga, John Allen

Sia, Joshua Adam. Seneta Factors affecting perceived

effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention measures among Filipinos

during Enhanced Community Quarantine in Luzon, Philippines:

Integrating Protection Motivation Theory and extended Theory of

Planned Behavior Published online 2020 Aug 6

Internet Sources

50
https://www.timeshighereducation.com/hub/p/what-happening-our-community-

quarantine- checkpoints

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7406473/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220306226

Update_on_Situational_Report_No_07_re_Coronavirus_Disease_2019_C 21

March 2020

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1868103421994261

APPENDICES

Appendix A

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Direction: Listed below are items that pertain to your personal characteristics.

Please provide the information required in each item, and put a check ( ⁄ ) mark

where applicable.

Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile

Age: Please check. ____ 21 - 30

____ 31 – 40

____ 41 – 50

____ 51 – 60

____ 61 - above

51
Sex: Please check.

____ Male

____ Female

Civil Status: Please check.

____ Single

____ Married

____ Widow

____ Separated

Educational Attainment: Please check.

____ Elementary Level/Graduate

____ High School Level/Graduate

____ College Level/Graduate

Occupation : _______________________________

Part II. Level of Awareness on PNP Checkpoint Protocols

Below is a list of protocols imposed by the PNP Cabagan in the checkpoints

established during the COVID-19 pandemic. Please put a check (√) mark in the

column that corresponds to your answer in each item by using the rating scale

below:

5 - Very Much Aware

4 - Much Aware

3 - Aware

2 - Moderately Aware

1 - Not Aware at All

52
 Checkpoint Protocols 5 4 3 2 1

1. Proper wearing of face mask

2. Proper wearing of face shield

3. Observance of social distancing (1 meter apart)

4. Showing travel pass issued by the barangay

5. Permit to transport animals issued by the barangay

6. Tricycle riders (limited to two passengers plus driver)

7. No back riding on single motorcycle

8. Regular use of sanitizer/alcohol

9. Vaccination cards

Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cabagan, Isabela

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

Date: July 1, 2022

AMYNETH A. BARTOLOME
Chairman, BS LEA
Ma’am/Sir,
We, undersigned LEA students of the Department of Criminal Justice Education,
are presently conducting an undergraduate thesis entitled, ” COMMUNITY
AWARENESS ON CHECKPOINT PROTOCOLS OF THE PNP DURING ECQ
AND GCQ”
In connection, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to
float our questionnaire to the selected respondents of the Barangay Casibarag,
Catabayungan, Cubag, Ngarag, and Ugad.
Hoping for your kind approval regarding this matter.

Respectfully yours,
Jude Z. Afunay

53
Mark Adrian M. Allam
Jhon Mark B. Allauigan
Rey Vincent T. Chavez
Jhon Chiem P. Odtojan
Jericho G. Pagulayan
_________________
Student Researchers

Noted by: Approved by:

Noemi Y. Domingo AMYNETH A. BARTOLOME

Research adviser Chairman, BS LEA

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix B

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: AFUNAY JUDE ZIPAGAN

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: JULY 02, 2000

Place of Birth: CABAGAN, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Residential Address: CATABAYUNGAN, CABAGAN, ISABELA

Permanent Address: CATABAYUNGAN, CABAGAN, ISABELA

II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

54
Father’s Name: AFUNAY JOSEPH MAGARU

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: ZIPAGAN EDNA RODRIGO

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: CATABAYUNGAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: Delfin Albano High School Main

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix C

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: ALLAM MARK ADRIAN MALAYAO

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: SEPTEMBER 17, 1999

Place of Birth: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: IGLESIA NI CRISTO

Residential Address: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Permanent Address: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

55
II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father’s Name: ALLAM NOEL DALUPAN

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: MALAYAO MYRNA LUMABI

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: MINANGA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: SAN PABLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix D

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: ALLAUIGAN JHON MARK BONTO

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: March 23, 2000

Place of Birth: SANPABLO, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Residential Address: CALAMAGUI SANPABLO, ISABELA

Permanent Address: CALAMAGUI SANPABLO, ISABELA

56
II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father’s Name: ALLAUIGAN BASILIO MALAYAO JR.

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: BONTO MA.ISABEL CANTE

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: CALAMAGUI ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: SANPABLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL MAIN

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix E

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: CHAVEZ REY VINCENT TAGUIMACON

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: APRIL 03, 2000

Place of Birth: BUNGAD, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Residential Address: BUNGAD, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Permanent Address: BUNGAD, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

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II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father’s Name: CHAVEZ ELVIN CARILO

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: TAGUIMACON CRISMA DALUPANG

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: BUNGAD ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: SAN PABLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix F

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: ODTOJAN JHON CHIEM PALOSO

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: JUNE 14, 1999

Place of Birth: MACONACON, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

Residential Address: CALAMAGUI, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Permanent Address: CALAMAGUI, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

58
II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father’s Name: ODTOJAN RODITO GUMPAY

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: PALOSO ROSELA LECIAS

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: DILASAG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: SAN PABLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

PERSONAL DATA

Appendix G

I. PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: PAGULAYAN JERICHO GUMARANG

Surname First Name Middle Name

Date of Birth: JANUARY 10, 2000

Place of Birth: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Civil Status: SINGLE

Religion: IGLESIA NI CRISTO

Residential Address: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

Permanent Address: MINANGA SUR, SAN PABLO, ISABELA

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II. FAMILY BACKGROUND

Father’s Name: PAGULAYAN FRANCISCO MACAPALLAG

Surname First Name Middle Name

Mother’s Maiden Name: GUMARANG NORMA MALAYAO

Surname First Name Middle Name

III. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: MINANGA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Secondary: SAN PABLO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Tertiary: ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CABAGAN CAMPUS

60