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IS 7396-3 (1990): Criteria for hydraulic design of surge

tanks, Part 3: Special surge tanks [WRD 14: Water Conductor
Systems]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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 -. .
4’
t ._ ! wT3 matrjiidiiPt

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULICDESIGNOFSURGETANKS
PART 3 SPECIAL SURGE TANKS ’
..”

UDC 627’846: 624’04

.._

I-\
’\ :
._’ @ BIS 1991

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

JunuuYy 1991 Price Group 3

Water Conductor Systems Sectional Committee, RVD 14

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 3 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 27 March
1990, after the draft finalized by the Water Conductor Systems Sectional Committee had been
approved by the River Valley Projects Division Council.

Part 3 deals with the surge tank which absorbs the water hammer or elastic shock waves coming
from the pressure pipe line or tunnel on closure or opening of the valve or turbine gates and also
to supply/store additional water during load acceptance/rejection during load demand/rejection
until the conduit velocity has accelerated/decelerated to the new steady state value. Surges or
mass oscillations occur in the surge tanks, the hydraulic design of which is so done as to keep the
surges within reasonable limits.

Special surge tanks may be defined as simple or restricted orifice type surge tanks which have
additional features like expansion galleries ( chambers ), spilling arrangements, etc. Air cushion
surge chambers also fall under this category. Surge tanks with upper and/or lower expansion
galleries are covered in this standard ( see Fig. 1 ).

The expansion galleries ( chambers ) are provided under the following conditions:

a) When the computed maximum and minimum surge levels are found to be higher/lower
than the maximum and minimum levels of the surges fixed in accordance with IS 7396
( Part 1 ) : 1985 ‘Criteria for hydraulic design of surge tanks: Part 1 Simple, restricted
orifice and differential surge tanks’, IS 7396 ( Part 2 ) : 1985 ‘Criteria for hydraulic design
of surge tanks: Part 2 Tail race surge tanks’ and IS 7396 (Part 4) : 1983 ‘Criteria for
hydraulic design of surge tanks: Part 4 Multiple surge tanks’, based on the turbine
characteristic ( see Fig. 2 ).

b) Many a times in case of conventional surge tanks, long approach tunnels are required to
be constructed. Sometimes for economy a portion of the approach tunnel is utilized
as an expansion gallery and the upper portion of the gallery serves as an air vent, if the
maximum upsurge remains below the soffit at the mouth of the approach tunnel
( see Fig. 3 ).

This standard has been prepared in parts. Other parts of this standard are as follows:

IS 7396 ( Part 1 ) : 1985 Simple, restricted orifice and differential surge tanks (just revision )

IS 7396 ( Part 2 ) : 1985 Tail race surge tanks (first revision )

IS 7396 ( Part 4) : 1983 Multiple surge tanks
 IS 7396 ( Part 3) : 1990

Indian Standard
CRITERIA FOR
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SURGE TANKS
PART 3 SPECIAL SURGE TANKS

1 SCOPE 1985. Draw the line XT in Fig. 4 at the point

A of Fig. 2. Draw the modified QLT Curve as
1.1 This standard (Part 3 ) lays down the AX’ 2” CD ( Fig. 5 ). Find out the volume as
criteria for hydraulic design of surge tanks with below:
expansion galleries/chambers.
Volume r= 2 QT At (A, = area of shaded
2 REFERENCES portion in Fig. 5 )

2.1 The Indian Standard IS 7396 (Part 1) : where

1985 is necessary adjunct to this standard.
5 z=~elevation in metres,
3 TERMINOLOGY T - time in seconds, and
3.1 For the purpose of this standard the QLT= discharge in tunnel in m”/sec.
definitions given in IS 7396 (Part 1 ) : 1985 shall
“PPlY* Keeping factor of safety as 2, the volume of
expansion gallery is fixed as twice the volume
4 DATA
calculated by the above formula for the
4.1 The data required for the design of special preliminary analysis.
surge tanks with upper/lower expansion gallery/
chamber shall be in accordance with IS 7396 6.2 After finding out the volume, dimensions
(Part 1) : 1985. ( see Fig. 1A ) of the expansion galleries
( chambers ) are tentatively fixed and the
4.2 At the time of design of surge system, the analysis (preferably with the computer) is
designer should ascertain the geological features made to check the fixed dimensions so that the
around the location of the surge tank to the water level in the surge tank does not exceed
extent of 500 m. the fixed level A as shown in Fig. 2.

5 DESIGN 7 TENTATIVE VOLUME OF LOWER

EXPANSION GALLERIES/CHAMBERS
5.1 Design Conditions
7.1 The procedure given in 6.1 and 6.2 shall
5.1.1 The maximum and minimum water levels be followed.
( A & B) in the surge tank shall be determined
depending upon the turbine characteristics ( see 8 ANALYSIS
Fig. 2 ) and the percentage to be allowed over
the design head within the permissible safety of 8.1 Upper Expansion Gallery
the machine.
When the necessity of expansion gallery is
5.1.2 The maximum and minimum water levels established the difference between the height
in the surge tanks ( c 8~D) shall be found out of maximum water level calculated under 5.1.1
in accordance with 5.1.1, 5.1.1.1 and 5.1.1.2 of and 5.1.2 is found out.
IS 7396 (Part 1 ) : 1985. If these water levels
work out to be higher/lower than worked out 8.1.1 Shape
as under 5.1.1 of this standard, the necessity
of upper expansion gallery or lower expansion The shape of upper expansion gallery should
gallery would arise. preferably be D-shaped.

6 TENTATiVE VOLUME OF UPPER 8.1.2 Size

EXPANSION GALLERIES/CHAMBERS
Area of the expansion gallery/galleries should
6.1 Draw the two curves 5 vs I and QT vs r as be determined on the basis of discharge and
shown in Fig. 4 and 5 from the values obtained generally height should be more than the width
from 5.1.1, 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2 of IS 7396 (Part I ) : of the gallery.

1
IS 7396 ( Part 3 ) : 1990

8.1.3 Layout of Upper Galleries preferably be D-shaped.

Typical layout of galleries is shown in Fig. 1 8.2.2 Size

and 3.
The area of lower expansion gallery/galleries
The gallery/galleries may be connected with shall be in accordance with 8.1.2.
surge tank with its roof level generally at/below
the maximum water level determined in 8.2.3 Slope
accordance with 5.1.1.
Slopes shall not be flatter than 1 in 150 as
8.1.4 Slope shown in Fig. 1.

Slope of the gallery should not be less than 1 8.2.4 Layout of Lower Galleries
in 150 as shown in Fig. 1 in order to empty
out the gallery efficiently. Typical layout of galleries is shown in Fig. 1
and 3.
8.2 Lower Expansion Gallery
The gallery/galleries may be connected with the
8.2.1 Shape surge tank with its bottom level generally at/
above the minimum water level determined in
The shape of lower expansion gallery should accordance with 5.1.1.
 IS 7396 ( Part 3 1 : 1990

MAXIMUM WATER LEVEL ----c AIR VELT

UPPER EXPANSION GALLERY

SLOPE 1 IN lso . MINIMUM WATER LEVEL

LOWER
EXPANSION GALLERY/
SLOPE 1 IN 150 -_--_
__-_
m--v

-AT -Q T

A ,,= AREA OF TUNNEL

As = AREA OF SURGE TANK

1A

MAXWATER LEVEL

UPPER EXPANS_ION GALLERY

SLOPE 1 IN 150-

SLOPE 1 IN 150 _
HiN WATER LEVEL>
---- J
z ---_' SLOPE 1 IN 150
LOWER EXPANSION GALLERY

1B
FIG. 1 TYPICAL TYPES OF SURGE TANK WITH EXPANSION GALLERY

3
IS 7396(Part3):1!HO

SURGE TANRz
4 4

._-

RESERVOIR
--_

G
MWL
_- P-. c.7--------- e-v

--
--
-52 VM
--_
X
LwL.Y-. -:-------- .--
---
---_ . _s
v‘ WI
X
---

-_-

1 r

NOTES
A = Maximum water level as per the turbine characteristics
B = Minimum water level as per the turbine characteristics
C & D = Maximum & minimum water level ( scc 5.1.2 )
E & F = Minimum & maximum water level at the draw-down condition
G & H = Maximum & minimum water level in the reservoir

FIG. 2 SURGE TANK ACCORDING TO TURBINE CHARACTERISTICS

WHlU?4 WATER LEVEL b

-_---__
----__
A_^ --
\J 1 SL4M'E1 IN.150
5
RETAININGWAU.
L EXPANSION GALLERY
ffINWATER LEVEL
-----_ APPROACH TuwtlEL
a---

As = AREA OF SURGE TAM

AT -AREAOFTUNNF&

FIG. 3 SURGE TANK WITH PART OF APPROACH TUNNEL AS EXPANSION GALLERY

4
 IS 7396 ( Part 3 ) : 1990

60
LEVEL A OF Fig.2
44

20
2 FULL RESFRVOIR LEVEL
0
t
-20

-40 -T

-60 SCALE
HS: 1 cm = 20 seconds
-80 -VS: 1 cm = 6.1 m

l-h. 4 ELEVATION AND TIME RELATIONSHIP

SCALE
HS: 1 cm = 20 secqnds
vs:1ca= 28 . 34r&sec)

FIG. 5 DISCHARGE AND TIME RELATIONSHIP

5
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