TIME,TENSE and ASPECT

TIME TENSE nominal sentence verbal sentence

Present Simple am, is, are Verb 1 , Verb 1 + s /es
Continuous / Progressive - am, is, are + Ving
ASPECT
Perfect - have / has + Verb 3
Perfect Continuous / Progressive - have / has + been + Ving

Past Simple was, were Verb 2

Continuous / Progressive - was,were + Ving
ASPECT
Perfect - had + Verb 3
Perfect Continuous / Progressive - had + been + Ving

Future Simple will / shall be will + Verb 1

Continuous / Progressive - will + be + Ving
ASPECT
Perfect - will + have + Verb 3
Perfect Continuous / Progressive - will + have + been + Ving
ASPECT
Grammatical category that indicates temporal features such as duration, frequency, and completion.

AUXILIARY VERB + MAIN

VERB
There are two different aspects in English :
1. The progressive / continuous
PROGRESSIVE / CONTINUOUS ASPECT

Subject Auxiliary be Present Participle (verb 1+ -ing) time reference

Amet is walking present
Amet was walking past

COMPOSITE VERB
The progressive / continuous aspect describes the ongoing nature of an event or action.

2. The perfect
PERFECT ASPECT

Subject Auxiliary have Past Participle (verb 3) time reference

Amet has walked present
Amet had walked (regular verb) past
Amet had written (irregular verb) past

COMPOSITE VERB
The perfect aspect describes the relationship between an earlier event or action.

TIME,TENSE and ASPECT

TIME TENSE nominal sentence (state) verbal sentence (action)
Present 1. Simple I am a student of junior high school. I usually go to school by bike every day

2. Continuous / Progressive - I am learning English at school today.

3. Perfect - I have learned English part of speech before tenses.
4. Perfect Continuous / Progressive - Moreover, I have been learning tenses for 9 years.
Past 5. Simple I was a student of elementary school three years ago. I went to school by pedicab yesterday because my bike was
broke.
6. Continuous / Progressive - At school, I was studying math for the first lesson when
there was an accident at the school yard yesterday.
7. Perfect - I had seen smoke from my classroom’s window by the time the
accident happened yesterday.
8. Perfect Continuous / Progressive - My teacher’s car had been burning for one hour before
fireman came to my school yesterday.
Future 9. Simple I will be a student of senior high school next year. My headmaster will prepare a fire extinguisher soon.
10. Continuous / Progressive - The fire extinguisher will be using to extinguish fire if there
is the same accident in the future.
11. Perfect - The fire will have extinguished before it becomes bigger.
12. Perfect Continuous / Progressive - The fire will have been burning not more than a minute if
we
use fire extinguisher.