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Biodegradation
Adsorbed VOC
What are Emission Sources?
• A drop structure with process flow • Wind passing over large wastewater surface
flowing into an existing process stream areas results in high surface volatilization
rates
Emissions Estimation Methods
Direct Methods
Direct Measurement of Off-gas Measurement from Open Surfaces
• For enclosed headspaces, pipe flows, • For open, non-confined surfaces (e.g.
etc. aeration tanks)
• Analyze concentration in off-gas flow • Use floating flux chambers
(Cg) • Trap and analyze emissions from
• Measure off-gas flow rate (Q g) surface area enclosed by chamber
• Emission rate = Cg * Q g • Measure gas flow through chamber
• Emission rate = Cg * Q g
Indirect Methods
Emission Factors (EFs) Mathematical Modeling
• Often based on some unit of production (e.g. lb of product per day) or WWTP
operation (e.g. flow)
Mathematical Modeling
What sampling
How and where do
point is
you sample?
appropriate?
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Calibrate to
Known
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Tim e (days)
Simulated Measured
Performance
Generate
Create Compliance
Model Reports
• Hydraulic model
• Biological model Compare, Evaluate
• Aeration model Sensitivity
• Equilibrium chemistry
& Troubleshoot
• Transport analyses
• Mechanical & Thermal effects
Characterizing Emissions With Toxchem
Methanol Naphthalene
Characterizing contaminant Fate
Benzene
Methanol
Total Air Emissions Summary
1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene Acenaphthene
Methanol
1% 1%
1%
Dichlorobenzene,1,4-
9%
Benzene
28%
Chloroform (Trichloromethane)
Acetone 11%
2%
Naphthalene
3%
Xylene,P- (1,4-Xylene)
11%
Toluene
15% Benzo(A)Pyrene
0%
Hexane(-N)
18%
Fabiyi@hydromantis.com
773-
773-647-
647-8872
Factors Affecting Air Emissions
• Waste characteristics – flow
rate, temperature, chemical composition, others
(suspended solids, oils)
• Chemical compound properties – Henry’s coefficient
(volatility), molecular weight, density, partition
parameters. Biodegradation rates
• Process unit parameters – physical
dimensions, process parameters, covered or open
processes, air flow rates, aerator power input, sludge
characteristics
• Site & ambient conditions – temperature, wind
speed, elevation
Clean Air Act – 11 Titles
• Title I – attainment & maintenance of NAAQS*
• Title III – Air Toxics Control
• Title IV – Acid Rain Control
• Title V – Permits & Reporting
• Title VI – Stratospheric Ozone Protection
• Tile VII - Enforcement
http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/efpac/protocol/index.html