Evolution of Communication: Cave Painting > Through Symbols > Smoke Signals > Carrier

Pigeons > Postal System > Print > Radio > Telegraph > Television > Internet > E-Mail > Text
Message > Social Media.
Elements of Comm.: 1. Source 2. Message 3. Channels 4. Receiver 5. Environment 6. Context 7.
Interference
7C’s of Comm.: Clarity, Correctness, Conciseness, Courtesy, Concreteness, Consideration, Completeness

Barriers to Comm.: (i) Intrapersonal: Wrong assumptions, Varied perceptions, Differing

background, Wrong inferences, Blocked categories, Categorical thinking
(ii) Interpersonal: Limited vocabulary, Incompatibility of verbal and non-verbal messages,
Emotional outburst, Communication selectivity, Cultural variations, Poor listening skills, Noise
in the channel
(iii) Organisational: Too many transfer stations, Fear of superiors, Negative tendencies, Use of
inappropriate media, Information overload
Business Communication General Communication
Format It uses a specific format for It uses varied formats for
communication. communication.
Category It is usually formal in nature. It involves personal touch.
Extent/Reach It usually is practical & unbiased. It can be vast and can be fictitious and
biased, at times.
Demonstration/ It specifically follows the norms and It is informal and different methods
Presentation procedures of the organisation. can be used.
Aim/Intention It focuses on the aim of the organisation. It does not have a focus.
Kind/ nature/Pattern It is official in nature. It is personal in nature.
Feedback This requires feedback. Feedback may not be important.

Benefits of Effective Communication at Workplace: 1. It promotes trust 2. It promotes team

member loyalty 3. It enhances team member engagement 4. It improves teamwork 5. It
improves productivity 6. Communication fuels innovation 7. Resolves issues 8. It creates better
client relationships
Process of Communication: 1. Source of Information (ideation) 2. Encoding 3. Channel of
Transmission 4. Decoding 5. Acting 6. Noise 7. Filters
Types of verbal communication: ● Oral communication ● Written communication
Types of Non-verbal Communication: ● Kinesics ● Sign language ● Proxemics ●
Chronemics ● Paralanguage ● Haptics ● Silence ● Meta-communication
Principles of Interpersonal Communication: ● Inescapable ● Irreversible ● Complicated ●
Highly contextual
Barriers to Interpersonal Communication: ● Language barrier ● Stress ● Position ● Attitude
● Distance
● Perceptions ● Culture ● Technology
Components of Listening: Hear > Comprehend > Retain > Recall
Features of Good Listening: 1. Reduces miscommunication 2. Increases confidence 3.
Increase productivity
4. Saves time and Cost
Types of Listening: ● Biased Listening ● Sympathetic Listening ● Empathetic Listening ●
Critical Listening
● International Listening ● Appreciative Listening ● Selective Listening ● Rapport Listening
Purpose of Business Correspondence: ● Maintaining proper relationship ● Organizational
goodwill ● Reduce employees’ turnover ● Increase productivity of employees ● Improve
customer satisfaction and retention
Types of Business Correspondence: ● Internal Correspondence ● External Correspondence ●
Sales Correspondence
● Personalized Correspondence ● Circulars ● Routine Correspondence
Ethical Standards: 1. Being Honest 2. Intending no harm 3. Fairness
Key Elements of Ethical Standards: 1. Objective 2. Morality 3. Consequences
Types of Interviews: 1. Screening or Telephonic Interview 2. Personal Interview 3. Behaviour-
based 4. Task-based or Test Interview 5. Stress Interview 6. Management-based Interview 7.
Focused Interview 8. Exit Interview
Process of Interview: ● Job description ● Advertising the job ● Screening ● Scheduling
interview ● Preliminary interview ● Personal interview ● Follow-up Hiring
Importance of ICT: ● ICT & E-commerce ● ICT & a new business ● Manufacturing
Innovations ● New Method of Manufacturing ● Customer feedback loop ● Reduction in
network latency ● ICT and advancements in health care systems ● Education's ubiquity and
universal accessibility ● ICT and Environmental Impact
Types of Presentation: 1. Informative Presentation 2. Persuasive Presentation 3. Motivational
Presentation
Five Filters Help to Polish and Chisel the Presentation: 1. Target Audience (Who) 2.
Purpose (Why) 3. Place (Where)
4. Time (When) 5. Content (What)
Objectives of Meetings: ● Sharing information ● Improving productivity ● Resolving
communication gaps ● Addressing the concerns of employees ● Forming policies ● Clearing
doubts ● Addressing staff grievances ● Obtaining feedback
Types of Meetings: Stand-up Meeting ● Weekly or Monthly Meeting ● Special Project
Meetings
Meetings can also be classified based on the focus area: ● Status-update meetings ●
Decision-making meetings
● Planning meetings ● Collaboration meetings ● Problem-solving meetings ● Brainstorming
meetings ● Team-building meetings ● Debrief meetings● Innovation meetings
Need for Written Communication: 1. Write to experience 2. Write to think 3. Write to create
4. Write to learn
Features of Written Communication: ● Extensive reading ● Constant writing ● Word
conscious/word seeker
● Purpose of writing ● Target audience ● Understanding of the subject
Significance of Virtual Meetings: 1. Interaction with colleagues at distance 2. Meetings with
clients and customers
3. Save cost and time
Platform for Virtual Meetings: 1. Option to record the Meetings 2. Chat options 3. Sync the
Meeting Information with calendar 4. Feature to Customise the Meeting room 5. Presence of
engagement feature 6. Option to modify records
Ways to make a Virtual Meeting Productive: 1. Define the objective of meeting 2. Decide
clearly who is driving the discussion 3. Maintaining virtual gathering decorum 4. Select the
options for choosing the appropriate questions
5. Establish connect with the audience on one-on-one basis 6. Keeping virtual participants on
task
Elements of Cross-Cultural Communication: Awareness, Preparation, Language, Humour,
Openness
Cross-Cultural Communication Barriers: Language, Nonverbal Communication,
Stereotypes, Cultural Bias, Anxiety
Overcoming Cross-Cultural Communication Barriers: Language, Written Communication,
Listening, Non-Verbal Communication