Science LEARNING ACTIVITY

7 SHEET
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC): Infer the conditions necessary for heat
transfer to occur. S7FE-IIIh-i-12

DISCUSSION

VOCABULARY REVIEW

THERMAL ENERGY
It is the energy possessed within the object or within the system due to the movement of
particles. The faster the particles move, the more thermal energy it possesses and the higher the
temperature that is measured.

TEMPERATURE
It refers to the relative hotness or coldness of an object. It is measured in degree Celsius ( ⁰C), degree
Fahrenheit (⁰F) or Kelvin (K).

THERMOMETER
It is an instrument for measuring temperature. A laboratory thermometer is different from the clinical
thermometer that is used to determine body’s temperature.

HEAT
It is a form of energy that is transferred between two objects at different temperatures or simply
“energy in transit.”
THE 3 METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER
1. CONDUCTION
Heat transfer by conduction takes place within certain object or from one object to another
when in contact. It involves transfer of energy from particle to particle. The energy moves from one
place to another, but the particles do not.

Figure 4. Picture on the left shows transfer of energy from the lower end to the upper end, within the
rod. Picture on the right shows transfer of energy from the rod to the hand because of direct contact.
(Source: https://app.emaze.com/@ATIRWICI#7 accessed on January 28, 2021)

At the particle level, heat flow can be explained in terms of the net effect of the collisions of a
whole bunch of particles. On average, the particles with the greatest kinetic energy are the particles of
the hot object. These particles bang upon the particles in the cold object. The collisions between the
particles of the hot object and the particles of the cold object result in the transfer of energy to the cold
object. This slowly warms the cold object up. The average kinetic energy of the hot-object particles
gradually decreases; the average kinetic energy of the cold-object particles gradually increases; and
eventually, thermal equilibrium would be reached at the point that the particles of both objects have
the same average kinetic energy.
Figure 5. The stages of heat transfer by conduction

1. No direct contact

EXAMPLES OF HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION

a. An ice cube will soon melt if you hold it in your hand. The heat is being
conducted from your hand into the ice cube.
b. When ironing a skirt, the iron is hot, and the heat is transferred to the skirt.
c. Sand can conduct heat. Walking on the beach on a hot summer day will warm
your feet.
d. A metal spoon becomes hot from the boiling water inside the pot.
e. If you are cold and someone holds you to warm you, the heat is being
conducted from their body to yours.

HEAT CONDUCTIVITIES

Some objects conduct heat faster than the others. This explains why some
objects are felt colder or warmer than the others even if they have the same
temperature.

CONVECTION CURRENT
When fluid is heated, it expands, becomes less dense and rises. Warm fluid is buoyed upward by
denser surrounding fluid. Cooler fluid then moves to the bottom, and the process continues. This is
called convection current, and this keeps a fluid stirred up as it heats.

Natural convection. Heat flows without any assistance from external sources.
Natural convection is driven by buoyancy which is caused by differences in the fluid
temperature.
a) Forced convection. Heat flow is caused by an external source such as a fan,
pump or wind, which moves the fluid.

a.) Natural Convection b.) Forced Convection

Figure 12. Picture on the left shows that the heated water rises from the bottom due
to buoyancy. Picture on the right shows that the water is stirred with a stick; heat
flows due to external factor.
(Source: https://www.cradle-cfd.com/media/column/a73 accessed on January 28,
2021)

Situation 5. You can hold your fingers beside the candle flame without harm, but
not above the flame. Why?

Figure 13. A hand feels the convection current around the candle flame.
Heat travels upward by convection current. Since air is poor conductor,
very little heat travels sideways.
 3. RADIATION

The transfer of heat by radiation involves the carrying of energy from an origin to the space
surrounding it. The energy is carried by electromagnetic waves and does not involve the movement or
the interaction of matter. Thermal radiation can travel through matter (solid, liquid and gas) or
through a region of space that is void of matter (i.e., a vacuum). In fact, the heat received on Earth
from the sun is the result of electromagnetic waves traveling through the void of space between the
Earth and the sun.
 Figures 14 & 15. Examples of heat transfer by radiation

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM, AN ILLUSTRATION

Suppose that a small metal cup of hot water is placed inside of a larger Styrofoam cup of cold
water. And the temperature of the hot water is initially 70°C and that the temperature of the cold
water in the outer cup is initially 5°C. Both cups are equipped with thermometers that measure the
temperature of the water in each cup over the course of time. What do you suppose will happen?

The graph below is a typical representation of the results.

Figure 6. The temperature of two liquids approaching equilibrium.

From the graph, the hot water cooled down to approximately 30°C and the cold water warmed
up to approximately the same temperature. The heat flow is more rapid at first as depicted by the
steeper slopes of the lines. Over time, the temperature difference between system (the inner cup of hot
water) and surroundings (outer cup of cold water) decreases and the rate of heat transfer decreases.
This is denoted by the gentler slope of the two lines. Eventually, the system and the surroundings
reach the same temperature, and the heat transfer stops. It is at this point, that the two objects are said
to have reached thermal equilibrium.

CONVECTION CURRENT

When fluid is heated, it expands, becomes less dense and rises. Warm fluid is buoyed upward by
denser surrounding fluid. Cooler fluid then moves to the bottom, and the process continues. This is
called convection current, and this keeps a fluid stirred up as it heats.

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. i

 Figure 11. Convection current in air (Source:

a) Natural convection. Heat flows without any assistance from external sources. Natural
convection is driven by buoyancy which is caused by differences in the fluid temperature.

b) Forced convection. Heat flow is caused by an external source such as a fan, pump or wind,
which moves the fluid.

a.) Natural Convection b.) Forced Convection

Figure 12. Picture on the left shows that the heated water rises from the bottom due to buoyancy.
Picture on the right shows that the water is stirred with a stick; heat flows due to external factor.

Situation 5. You can hold your fingers beside the candle flame without harm, but not above the flame.
Why?
Heat travels upward by convection current. Since air is poor conductor, very little heat travels
sideways.

3. RADIATION

The transfer of heat by radiation involves the carrying of energy from an origin to the space
surrounding it. The energy is carried by electromagnetic waves and does not involve the movement or
the interaction of matter. Thermal radiation can travel through matter (solid, liquid and gas) or
through a region of space that is void of matter (i.e., a vacuum). In fact, the heat received on Earth
from the sun is the result of electromagnetic waves traveling through the void of space between the
Earth and the sun.

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. ii

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM, AN ILLUSTRATION

Suppose that a small metal cup of hot water is placed inside of a larger Styrofoam cup of cold
water. And the temperature of the hot water is initially
70°C and that the temperature of the cold water in the outer cup is initially 5°C. Both cups are
equipped with thermometers that measure the temperature of the water in each cup over the course of
time. What do you suppose will happen?

The graph below is a typical representation of the results.

From the graph, the hot water cooled down to approximately 30°C and the cold water warmed up to
approximately the same temperature. The heat flow is more rapid at first as depicted by the steeper
slopes of the lines. Over time, the temperature difference between system (the inner cup of hot water)
and surroundings (outer cup of cold water) decreases and the rate of heat transfer decreases. This is
denoted by the gentler slope of the two lines. Eventually, the system and the surroundings reach the
same temperature, and the heat transfer stops. It is at this point, that the two objects are said to have
reached thermal equilibrium.

Prepared by: Checked & Verified by:

EVELYN C. CANONCE BEATRIZ G. DEGORIO

MT-I/ Science Department Head MT-II

Recommending Approval by: Approved by:

ANICETA B. MOBILLA REMEDIOS D. TALUA

HTIII HT – I/ Officer in Charge

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. iii

ACTIVITY SHEET in Science 7 Week 7 Quarter 3

Name: __________________________________ Grd. & Sect: _________ Score: ___________

Directions: Read each question. Choose and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Heat transfer can occur between two objects whenever _____________________.

a. a temperature difference exists
b. there is a space void of matter like a vacuum
c. energy from the Sun reaches the Earth
d. energy flows from cold object to warm object

2. Heat transfer from one object to another stops whenever

_____________________.
a. a cold object becomes warm
b. both objects achieve thermal equilibrium
c. particles of both objects have high kinetic energy
d. one or both objects are poor heat conductor

3. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?

a. Conduction b. Insulation c. Convection d. Radiation

4. How does energy from the Sun reach the Earth?

a. Conduction b. Insulation c. Convection d. Radiation

5. A person holds a glass beaker in one hand and fills it quickly with hot water. It takes
several seconds before heat is started to be felt. Why is there a delay?
a. Glass is a poor conductor of heat. c. Water is a poor conductor of heat.
b. Glass is a good conductor of heat. d. Water is a good conductor of heat.

6. How can convection current be set in the water?

A a. Cool the water at A. c.

Heat the water at A.
B
b. Cool the water at B. d.
Heat the water at B.

7. Which method/s of heat transfer cannot take place in a vacuum?

a. conduction and convection only c. convection and radiation only
b. conduction and radiation only d. conduction, convection, and radiation

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 4

 8. Blow-drying the hair uses the transfer of heat by ______________.
a. conduction c. forced convection
b. natural convection d. radiation

9. A food is cooked in a microwave oven because of heat transfer by ____________.

a. conduction c. forced convection
b. natural convection d. radiation

10. All substances continuously emit and absorb radiant energy. A book sitting on your desk
is both absorbing and radiating energy at the same rate: It's in thermal equilibrium. What
happens when you take the book outside and set it in the sun?

a. The book becomes a net absorber, and its temperature will increase.
b. The book becomes a net emitter, and its temperature will decrease.
c. Emission of radiant energy from the book becomes faster than absorption of radiant
energy from the Sun.
d. The book gets hotter and can radiate lesser energy.

Prepared by:

EVELYN C. CANOCE
Subject Teacher

Individual Weekly Home Learning Plan

March 21 - 25, 2022
3rd Quarter Week 7
Science 7
GRADE 7
Day & Learning Learning Competency Learning Task Made of Delivery
Time Area

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 5

 Wake up, have a short prayer, make up your bed, exercise. Eat breakfast together with the family and get ready
8:00-9:00 for a grace filled day!
Distribution/Receiving
9:45-10:45 Science 7 MELC 1 Specific Activities process

Infer the conditions Activity 1: Panuto: Modules will be delivered to

necessary for heat Basahin at unawaing mabuti
transfer to occur.
ang mga pahayag. Isulat ang
SANG-AYON kung ang
S7FE-IIIh-i-12 pahayag ay tama, at DI-
SANG-AYON naman kung
ang pahayag ay mali.
Isulat ang inyong sagot sa
patlang.
your barangay and distribute
to your parent/guardian every
Monday Morning.
Collection/Retrieval Process
Modules will be collected or
retrieved from your
parent/guardian, then return to
your teacher assigned in your
barangay.

Assessment *As the parent enter the school

Answer the activities and strict implementation of the
minimum health protocols will
summative assessments using the be followed as prescribed by the
Learning Activity Sheet DOH and IATF.

Prepared by: Checked & Verified by:

EVELYN C. CANONCE BEATRIZ G. DEGORIO

MT-I/ Science Department Head MT-II

Recommending Approval by: Approved by:

ANICETA B. MOBILLA REMEDIOS D. TALUA

HTIII HT – I/ Officer in Charge

Week 7 quarter 3
1. A
2. B
3. B
Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 6
 4. D
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. A

Practice Personal Hygiene protocols at all times. 7