What is computer literacy?

Knowledge of computers and their uses

Computers are everywhere

What is a computer?

How is a computer defined?

It is an electronic device operating under the controls of instruction stored in its memory.

What Is Computer ?

The information processing cycle consist the below:

Input

Process

Output

Storage

Communication

Information Processing Cycle

1. Input: Accepting data that has been represented in a way that the computer can use.

2. Processing: Performing arithmetic or comparison (logical) operations on the represented data.

3. Output: Displaying results

4. Storage: Storing results for later reuse.

5. Communication: Transferring data to from one point to another

Computer System Components

Input devices

Output devices System unit

Hardware used to enter data and instructions

Hardware that is used to convey messages to one or more people

Case containing electronic components used to process data

Central Processing Unit

Also called the processor

The electronic component that interprets and carries out the

basic instructions that operate the computer

Memory

Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by
those instructions

Intel Itanium 2© Processor

Storage

Holds data, instruction and information for future use.

Storage media

Physical material on which data, instructions and information is stored.

Storage device

Records and retrieves items to and from storage devices

Communication Devices

Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions and information.

Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks and other transmission media.

Advantages of using a computer

Speed

Reliability

Consistency

Storage

Communications

Disadvantages of using Computers

Violation of privacy

Impact on labor force

Health risk

Impact on environment

What is a network?

Network is a collection of computers and devices connected together

Reasons for network

Generally, a network uses a client server architecture Servers manages resources on a network

Networks and the Internet

Client access the resources from the server.

What is Internet?

Internet is a world wide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions and individuals.

Users access the internet for :

Communications

Information

Shopping

Banking and Investing

Classes

Entertainment

What is The WWW (World Wide Web)? consist of billions of documents, called web pages, available
to anyone connected to the Internet.

What is Software ?

Series of instructions that

process data

Two kinds

System software

Used by the computer

Application software

Used by the user

A computer system requires software to make the best use of its capabilities and to solve problems

What is System Software ?

Enables application software to interact with computer hardware

manage internal computer

resources and coordinate the application software requests with computer hardware without user
interaction

Operating system software

Most important system software

Executes application software Stores data and programs manages all the overall operation of the
computer system I.e. Eg. Window 2000, Linux,

UNIX, Sun Solaris, Mac OS X

What is Application Software ?

End-user software enter commands and typically interact with application programs.

General-purpose programs

Some types: Browsers, Spreadsheet, Database management systems, presentation graphics, word
processor

i.e Internet Explorer, Microsoft Word, PowerPoint

Special-purpose programs

Custom written for specialized tasks

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

What is a graphical user interface?

Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icon.

Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information.

Categories of Computers

Desktop

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Midrange servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers