Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Layer
TCP/IP Internet Layer
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Internet Header (20 ~ 24 Byte)

Version Header TOS Total Length

4 Length 8 16
4
OSI Reference Model (Network) Identification Flag Fragment Offset
TCP/IP (Internet) 16 3 13
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
8 8 16
Layer 7: Application Source IP
Layer 6: Presentation 32

Layer 5: Session Destination IP

32
Layer 4: Transport
IP Options
Layer 3: Network 0 ~ 32
Layer 2: Data Link DATA
Layer 1: Physical
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Internet Header (20 ~ 24 Byte)

Version Header TOS Total Length

4 Length 8 16
4

Identification Flag Fragment Offset

16 3 13
Network Layer Main Functions:
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
8 8 16
QOS (Quality Of Service) Source IP
32
Fragmentation
Destination IP
Error Checking 32
Logical Addressing (IP Addressing) IP Options
0 ~ 32
DATA
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Host
IP Address:
__ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___

32 bit IP Address
Minimum 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
Sample: 172.16.122.204
Maximum 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
32 bit Subnet Mask
Sample: 255.255.255.0 Decimal 172 16 122 204

IP: 172.16.122.204 Binary 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

SM: 255.255.255.0
Net ID: 172.16.122.0 Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Network ID 10101100 00010000 01111010 00000000

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Network ID 172 16 122 0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

IP Classes: Network Host

0_______ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___
Class A: 1 ~ 127 Class A
SM: 255.0.0.0 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
Prefix Mask: /8
10______ ________ ________ ________
Class B: 128 ~ 191
Class B
SM: 255.255.0.0
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Prefix Mask: /16

110_____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___

Class C: 192 ~ 223
Class C
SM: 255.255.255.0
Prefix Mask: /24 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Class D: 224 ~ 239 Class D 1110____ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __ ___ ___

Class E: 240 ~ 255 Class E 1111____ ________ ________ ________

Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Traffic Type:

Unicast

Multicast

Broadcast
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

IP Address Type:

Private Address:
10.0.0.0/8
172.16.0.0/12
192.168.0.0/16

Public Address:
All Except
1- Private
2- Loopback (127.0.0.0/8)
3- APIPA (169.254.0.0/27)
4- Multicast (224.0.0.0 ~ 239.255.255.255)
5- Reserved (240.0.0.0 ~ 255.255.255.254)
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

FLSM (Fix Length Subnet Masking)

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.0/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.64/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.01000000

217.66.53.128/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000

217.66.53.192/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.11000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

FLSM Examples:

150.21.161.0/24 -----> 4 Networks

10010110.00010101.10100001.00000000

118.12.201.128/26 -----> 2 Networks

01110110.00001100.11001001.10000000

25.11.16.0/20 -----> 8 Networks

00011001.00001011.00010000.00000000

63.91.0.0/19 -----> 16 Networks

00111111.01011011.00000000.00000000

53.224.0.0/15 -----> 32 Networks

00110101.11100000.00000000.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking)

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.53.0/25
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000
217.66.53.128/25
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000

217.66.53.128/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.10000000
217.66.53.192/26
11011001.01000010.00110101.11000000

217.66.53.192/27
11011001.01000010.00110101.110000000
217.66.53.224/27
11011001.01000010.00110101.111000000

217.66.53.224/28
11011001.01000010.00110101.111000000
217.66.53.240/28
11011001.01000010.00110101.111100000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

VLSM Examples:

150.21.161.0/24 -----> 3 Networks (1x110, 1x40, 1x34)

10010110.00010101.10100001.00000000

118.12.201.128/26 -----> 3 Networks (1x14, 1x6, 1x5)

01110110.00001100.11001001.10000000

25.11.16.0/20 -----> 6 Networks (1x500, 2x300, 1x105, 2x40)

00011001.00001011.00010000.00000000

63.91.0.0/19 -----> 10 Networks (2x800, 3x350, 1x65, 4x25)

00111111.01011011.00000000.00000000

53.224.0.0/15 -----> 32 Networks (4x2000, 8x1000, 6x500, 10x200)

00110101.11100000.00000000.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

217.66.52.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110100.00000000

217.66.53.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110101.00000000

217.66.54.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110110.00000000

217.66.55.0/24
11011001.01000010.00110111.00000000

217.66.52.0/22
11011001.01000010.00110100.00000000
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

- Assign IP address Automatically

- Assign Network parameters such as:
- Default Gateway
- DNS Server
- WINS Server
- Leased Duration
-…
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

DNS (Domain Name System)

- Resolve FQDN to IP address

- Use UDP and TCP port number 53
- Use Recursive and Iterative Query
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Summary Version Header TOS Total Length

4 Length 8 16
4

1- Network Layer Header Identification Flag Fragment Offset

16 3 13
2- Network Layer Main Functions
TTL Protocol Header Checksum
3- IP Address 8 8 16
4- IP addresses Classes Source IP
5- Public & Private IP Addresses 32
6- FLSM Destination IP
7- VLSM 32

8- CIDR IP Options
0 ~ 32
9- DHCP
DATA
10- DNS
Network Layer CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate)

Network Layer