LECTURER EDUCATION & HM

LECTURER NO: 1
PHILOSOPHY
BHAKKAR EDUCATION ACADEMY
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

WHAT IS REALITY :

• PURPOSE OR
• BASIC PRINCIPLE
On which things are created
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

WHAT IS ABSOLUTE :

Values are final.

Values are fixed
Values or reality is eternal , permanent.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

•MONOISM •DUALISM
• Reality is single in nature. • Mind and body are two
• Only 1 supreme being exists. separate / distinct
substances.
• Reality can be reduced into
single substance. • Good ,evil
• Mind and body are • Body , soul
connected.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

• PLURALISM:
• There are many ways to reach the reality rather one or two.
• Believe in reaching the reality in different multiple ways.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

• Eclecticism:
• Borrowing beliefs from different philosophies.
• Deriving ideas and styles from diverse range of sources.
• Practice of selecting doctrine from different systems of
thoughts rather adopting whole system of any doctrine.
• Mixing beliefs of various philosophies.

• One who does so , is called “eclectic”.

 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

• Transcendentalism :
• Going beyond man’s experience for the knowledge of truth.
• Men do not need any divine guidance or logic or rationality.
• They are self sufficient and can seek guidance through inner soul,
insight and intuition .
• People can trust themselves to be their own authority.
• Any other source or force is not needed for guidance.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

• What are forms :

• Abstract , perfect unchanging concepts or ideals that transcend time
and space.

• True mental pictures.

• Example : if we draw a triangle , these may be different but they

share one property of being trianagleness.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

• SUBJECTIVE : • OBJECTIVE:

• Personal opinion. • Reality is independent of our

• Ideas and thoughts determine thoughts.
the reality. • Our knowledge does not
• Reality is dependent upon our effect reality.
knowledge. • Reality is not influenced by
• the knower.
 PHILOSOPHY & EDUCATION
• Philosophy •Education
• Theoretical part
• Abstract
• Practical part
• System of ideas • Concrete
• Contemplation • active
• Gives guidance • Application
• Tells where to go • Achieves objectives
• Sets objectives
 PHILOSOPHY & EDUCATION

• Philosophy determines what should be the values of life.

• Education determines how these values should be imparted.
• Philosophy gives direction to education.
• It is philosophy which sets objectives for education.
• to achieve objectives , curriculum is developed .
• To implement curriculum , methods of teaching are fixed.

• Hence, philosophy influences all spheres of education.

 Level of relationship
• Philosophy (system of logical ideas) needs application of ideas and
Education (application) needs some ideas what to do (philosophy).

• Theory needs implementation , and practice needs theory.

• It is the philosophy which gives direction to education , guides
education. Education needs guidance from philosophy.philosophy needs
practice for its propagation.
• Both education and philosophy are complementary , important and have
mutual relation to each other. Both needs each other . This level of
relationship is called interdependence.
 James Ross

•“philosophy and
education are
two sides of •interdependence
same coin.”
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Induction :
• Start from observation
• Facts are collected first
• Examples are given first
• Bottom up approach
• Long term
• Conclusion is probable ,
reasonable, believe able.
• Specific to general
Deduction :
• Derived from law or theory.
• Examples are given later as an
evidence.
• Top to bottom approach
• Short term
• Conclusion is certain
• General to specific
 Examples
Induction: Deduction:
• Sara reaches office at 7 am…… • Men are mortal.
Sara is punctual. • Jack is a man, he is also mortal.

Asad is name, Chair is name, • Unity is strength.

park is name…. If we unite , will defeat enemy

All names are noun. • Crowd enjoyed the match.

• Planning. • Aleezy was there, she also ejoyed.

• Decision making. • Stars shine.

• Sun is star, it also shines.
• Changing.
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

•Empiricism:
• Knowledge is derived from experience.
• We use our senses to collect information.
• experience are basis of knowledge.
• Evidence is needed.
• Knowledge collected through sensory organs is called EMPIRICAL.
• Person following this approach is called EMPIRICIST.
• Hence believe in POSTERORI knowledge.
• Empirical knowledge is most authentic knowledge.
• Most of our knowledge is Empirical. ( sensory )
 BASIC IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

•RATIONALISM:
• Knowledge is derived from reason , logic or intuition.
• Knowledge is innate.
• Do not rely on senses.
• Knowledge exists earlier than experience..
• Hence believe in PRIORI knowledge.