FINAL TEST MECHANICS

Wednesday, November 7th, 2012

You have three hours to make this test. The test consists of ​eight ​exercises, each of
whom contributes the same amount of points to the final score.
Translated by Vito Fransen.
This is explicitly and only made for TU/e students.

Exercise 1:

Blah blah blah, this is a truss structure. Horizontal and vertical members have a
length ​l.​ F is positive. (Just look at the image).

A. Express the horizontal and vertical reaction forces Ha, Va, Hb, and Va at the
points A and B as multiples of ​F​.
B. Express the forces in members 1 and 2 in ​F​. State clearly whether these forces
are compressive or tensile.
C. Use the method of sections to express the force in member 3 in F. State clearly
the weather this force is tensile or compressive.
D. Mark all zero force members within this construction with a zero (O) on a
sketch.

Exercise 2:

Blah blah blah, just look at the image. This is a beam structure. The weight of the
beam may be neglected.

A. Express the vertical reaction forces Va and Vc at the points A and C in F.

B. Draw a shear force diagram with the values in points A, B, C, and D.
C. Draw a bending moment diagram with the values in points A, B, C, and D.

Exercise 3:

This is a beam construction. The beams are connected with hinges to the points A, C
and D. The members are also connected at hinge B. All beams have the same area A
and the same Young's modulus E. Members AB and BC have a length of 2​l​ whereas
beam BD has a length of ​l​. A horizontal point force F is exerted on the construction as
can be seen in the drawing.

A. This construction is statically indeterminate. Why?

 B. Ignore beam BD for now. Let ​u ​be the horizontal displacement of the point b.
Show that the stiffness k1 = F / ​u​ of construction ABC is equal to ​E​ ​A​ / 4 ​l​.
C. Reconsider beam BD so that the construction is not under tension when no
forces are applied. Express the total stiffness k = F / u of this construction
ABCD in ​E​, ​A​ and ​l​. Make use of the found result for k1 in the previous part of
this exercise.

Exercise 4:

This is a beam construction. ​You really only have to look at the drawing to get this
one.

A. Compute the vertical reaction force in support A using the principle of virtual
work. State the used drawing conventions and the virtual displacement field ​[I
think you have to state in which direction your chosen arbitrary displacement/rotation
works]​ clearly.
B. Compute the internal moment in D using the principle of virtual work. State
the used drawing conventions and virtual displacement field clearly.

Exercise 5:

This homogeneous beam has length ​l​ and is subjected to a distributed load of its own
weight ​G​.

The cross-section of this beam is drawn in the figure below. Its dimensions are
expressed in multiples of H.

A. Express the maximum moment in the beam in G and ​l​.

B. Determine the vertical position c2 of the centroid of the cross-section relative
to the bottom of the beam.
C. Express the maximum tension in the beam caused by its own weight in G, ​l
and H.
D. Mark with a little cross where the greatest absolute bending stress occurs in a
sketch of the beam (a sketch of the top figure).

Exercise 6:

This beam is firmly connected to point A. The beam has Young’s modulus ​E​ and a
second moment of area ​I​. An upward force F is exerted on point D. Points B and C
are both subjected to a local moment M in a clockwise direction as shown in the
figure.
Express the vertical displacement of point D in F, M, ​l,​ E and ​I​.

Exercise 7:

Axis ABC consists of two pieces width length AB = ​l​ and BC = 2​l​. The hollow part AB
has an outer diameter of 3D and an inner diameter of 2D. The solid part BC has a
diameter of 2D. The axis is firmly attached to point A. A rightward torsion moment
with magnitude T is exerted on point B and point C is subjected to a leftward torsion
moment of magnitude 4T. The shear modulus is G.

A. Express Tab and the Tbc in AB and BC respectively in T and draw the torsion
moment line. The positive direction is stated in the drawing below. ​[I could not
find a good translation for the word “section/cut size/magnitude”. I also have no idea what
it means]
B. Express the rotational displacement at point C in T, ​l,​ G, and D. The positive
direction of the rotational displacement is stated in the drawing above.

Exercise 8:

Consider a beam that is axially loaded with pressure P. The beam has Young's
modulus E and yield stress σY (under compression).
Which type of failure mechanism (plastic deformation or buckling) will occur
depends on the slenderness. In this exercise, the definition of slenderness will be
used in the same way as in the book of Fenner and the summary.

A. Show that the expression for the critical Buckling pressure p, the slenderness
at which the beam will fail under influence of the plastic deformation or
buckling is just as likely and that this is equal to [pi square root of E per Greek
whistle Y].

E = 900 σY, The beam is solid and has a circular cross-section with a radius R and its
length is L = 22R. One side of the beam is firmly attached and the other end is free.

B. Which one is the most likely failure mechanism?

We want to increase the critical buckling load (?). However, the only thing that is
allowed to be changed, is the material of the beam. we are allowed to assume that E
and σY are allowed to be tweaked independently of one another.\

C. Which material property would you increase first and until what value does
that make a difference? Defend your statement using a diagram.