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PHYSICAL EDUCATION
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 3
MELCs:
▪ Describe the nature and background of the dance;
▪ Execute the skills involve in the dance; and
▪ Apply first aid for common injuries.
PART I:

A. Introduction

Dancing comes naturally to people, and it’s an easy activity to everybody to partake in. It offers
emotional outlet to express your feelings through body movements with passion and flair. It’s an exquisite
artistic outlet to boost your ability to permanently use these expressive qualities even when you are dancing.
This module is intended for 3 sessions. It introduces you to the art of social dancing and dance mixers. You
will learn one of the most popular Latin dances which is Cha-cha-cha. How this dance provides you the
necessary skills and understanding for an appreciation of the artistic, athletic, and social features of dance.
Throughout this module, you will learn different ideas encompassing along with culture, the basic dance steps,
etiquette, common injuries, and application in social settings as well as different dance steps, the rhythms and
types of music to which they’re danced.

B. Discussion
Social dances and dance mixers are dances intended primarily to get to know other people in attendance
to a certain social function. They are also called ballroom dances. They are usually performed in pairs, male
and female, but may also be performed in groups. Social dances are classified into two major classifications
namely the Latin American Dances and the Modern Standard Dances. Social Dances are communal dances
performed in social gatherings in any given space. They are synonymously referred to as ballroom dances,
but the former is performed in balls or formal social functions. Latin American Dances include the salsa,
mambo, meringue, swing, cha-cha-cha, rumba, samba, jive, boogie, and paso doble. They are called Latin
American dances because most of them are from the Latin-American countries. While the Modern Standard
Dances include the slow waltz, tango, Viennese waltz, foxtrot and quickstep. Latin dances distinguish
themselves by the costumes worn by performers. They are somewhat revealing, tight-fitting, sexy yet
sophisticated in nature. They are also distinguished by the nature of the movements. They are freer and can
be performed in close or open hold. Standard dances on the other hand, wear formal, ankle-length gowns for
females and coat-and-tie for males. Most of the time, movements in these are restricted to close ballroom
position with partner. Social or ballroom dances are different from dancesport because the latter is freer in
nature and are primarily intended to widen one’s social horizon, for recreation; and fitness. The former is
performed in competitions and are referred to as competitive ballroom dancing. The required athleticism has
established rules of different levels of difficulty and is limited to five dances per category only. They are the
cha-cha-cha, rumba, samba, paso doble and jive for the Latin category and slow waltz, tango, Viennese waltz,
foxtrot and quickstep for the standard category. The origin of dances in both the Latin American and Modern
Standard groups might also help in understanding the nature and background of social dances and dance
mixers. Below is where each of the dances enumerated came from:

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 Latin American Dances Origin Modern Standard Dances Origin

Cha-cha-cha Cuba Slow Waltz Austria

Rumba Cuba Tango Argentina
Samba Brazil Viennese Walt z Vienna
Paso Doble Spain Foxtrot USA
Jive/Boogie USA Quickstep USA
Swing USA
Merengue Dominican Republic
Salsa Cuba
Mambo Cuba

Cha-cha is one of the most Latin dances at dance competitions. It is a lively and fun dance that
really gets you dancing on the dance floor. This dance requires small steps and lots of hip motion.The origin
of the name Cha-cha has two version. First was given credit to a Cuban composer and violinist named Enrique
Jorrin. He coined the term Cha-cha to vocally mimic the shuffling sound of the dancer’s shoes when it hits
the dance floor. This dance was imported by Pierre Lavelle to Europe in 1950 when he travelled to Cuba to
observe and study the culture’s style of the dance. This is the time that the name was shortened from Cha-
cha-cha to Cha-cha. This was introduced in United States in 1954. The second version was from religious
ritualistic dances from the West Indies. The studies show that Voodoo band leaders used small rattles created
form Cha Cha plants to create a unique sound. This rattle combined with bells and drums were used as a timer
to measure when dancing and singing.
STEP PATTERN: step, step, step, close, step
COUNTING: 1, 2, 3, 4 & 1 or 1, 2, 3, cha-cha or
slow, slow, slow, quick, quick
(1st 3 counts –full beat and last 2 counts half-beat)
C. Readings.

Basic Cha-cha Steps: This time, as the music plays, let them master the patterns, please refer to the link
(https://youtu.be/Ynq0vJnfKqu )

Side Steps:
Men Ladies
1. Sidestep to the left with your left foot 1. Sidestep to the left with your left foot
2. Step backward & left with your right foot 2. Step backward & left with your right foot
3. Left foot in place, weight shifts to it 3. Left foot in place, weight shifts to it
4. Sidestep to the right with your right foot 4. Sidestep to the right with your right foot
5. Move your left foot to your right foot 5. Move your left foot to your right foot
6. Sidestep to the right with your right foot 6. Sidestep to the right with your right foot
7. Step forward & right with your left foot 7. Step forward & right with your left foot
8. Right foot in place, weight shifts to it 8. Right foot in place, weight shifts to it
9. Sidestep to the left with your left foot 9. Sidestep to the left with your left foot
10. Move your right foot to your left foot. 10. Move your right foot to your left foot

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 Grapevine (“Take it to the left”)
a. Step your L foot to the side
b. Cross your R foot over the left one
and step on it.
c. Step your L foot to the side again
d. Close your R foot onto the right side of your
L foot.
Walking to the back (“Take it back now”)
a. Step your L foot behind you
b. Step your R foot behind you
c. Step your L foot behind you
d. Close your R foot on the R side of your
L foot.

Jumping (“One hop this time”)
a. Jump from both feet, landing on both feet,
moving forward.
Jazz Square (“Now Cha-Cha”)
a. Cross your R foot in front of your L foot
b. Uncross by stepping onto your L foot
c. Step to the R with your R foot
d. Step in front of you with your L foot.
Scissor Jump (“Criss Cross”)
a. Jump from both feet and land on both feet
with a wide gap between them
b. Jump from both feet, landing on both with
the R foot crossed in front of the L one.
c. Jump both feet out again
d. Jump both feet back together, landing with
feet next to each other, uncrossed
Stomping (“Left foot let’s stomp”)
a. Stomp your L foot and accent the movement
with your whole body, including arm
movements or jazz hands
Turning Grapevine (“Turn it out”)
a. Turn your body to the L
b. Step with your R foot to the right.
c. Step your L foot across the right one
d. Step again to the right side with your R foot
e. Close your L foot on the L side of your R
foot.
Running Man (“Charlie Brown”)
a. In place, step onto your foot and kick the L
one to the rear, then reverse, without
moving forward.

BASIC FIRST AID

First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.

Objectives of first aid:

● To alleviate suffering
● To prevent added/further injury or danger
● To prolong life

Common Injury Encountered by Officiating Officials and Athletes:

Sprains vs. Strains

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with
another. Sprains are caused by trauma such as a fall or a blow to the body that knocks a joint out of position
and, in the worst case, ruptures the supporting ligaments.
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Sprains can range from first degree (minor) to third degree (the worst). Areas of the body most vulnerable to
sprains are ankles, knees and wrists. Signs of a sprain include varying degrees of tenderness or pain, bruising,
inflammation, swelling, inability to move a limb or joint or joint looseness, laxity or instability.

A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord of tissue connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute,
non-contact injury that results from overstretching or over-contraction. Symptoms of a strain include pain,
muscle spasm and loss of strength. While it’s hard to tell the difference between mild and moderate strains,
severe strains not treated professionally can cause damage and loss of function.

Knee Injuries
Because of its complex structure and weight-bearing capacity, the knee is the most commonly injured joint.
Each year, more than 5.5 million people visit orthopedic surgeons for knee problems.
Knee injuries can range from mild to severe. Less severe would be tendinitis, patella femoral compression
syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and bursitis, to name a few.
More severe injuries include bone bruises or damage to the cartilage or ligaments. Major injuries are common
to the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Meniscus injuries, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Medial
collateral ligament (MCL) and the Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from improper landing after a jump or from running
too hard, too much or without proper warm up. Other common sports injuries suffered by athletes are shin
splints, Achilles tendon injuries, patella dislocation and hamstring, quadriceps and calf injuries.

Fractures
A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture)
or from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).

The most common symptom of a stress fracture is pain at the site that worsens with weight bearing activities.
Tenderness and swelling often accompany the pain. This is very important for the coaches to recognize and
refer the athlete to the trainers or the team physicians.

Dislocations
When the two bones that come together to form a joint become separated, the joint is described as being
dislocated. Contact sports such as football, basketball and lacrosse, as well as high impact sports that can
result in excessive stretching or falling, cause the majority of dislocations. A dislocated joint is an emergency
situation that requires medical treatments.

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Home treatment
For sprains and strains
Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures. Start treatment as soon as
possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less swelling, the more blood can get to the injured
part to start the repair process.

• Apply the R.I.C.E. method.

• Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
• Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without increasing bleeding. Thereafter,
ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) or aspirin is a good choice. Don't give aspirin
to a child younger than 16 years.
• Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
• Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
• After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
• Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.

Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.

For fractures
• Apply the R.I.C.E method.
• Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken bones. Splint the
injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines, to prevent the bones from
shifting. Don't move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend beyond joints above and
below the fracture.
• If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to control bleeding. Don't
try to push the bone back into the wound and don't attempt to clean it.
• Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal
bleeding.
• Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

See a doctor if:

• You suspect a fracture or dislocation or if you are unsure of the severity of a sprain or strain.
• You cannot straighten the affected joint or bear weight on it, or if a joint feels unstable.
• The skin over the injury area is broken

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• The limb below the injury feels numb or tingling, or is white, pale or blue in colour, or feels colder
compared to the other healthy limb.
• The ligaments of the knee are injured.
• You injure an area that has been injured several times before.
• Pain is severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, or if swelling doesn't subside within 48 hours.
• A sprain or strain doesn't improve after five to seven days.
• Signs of infection develop.
Prevention
• Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Don't be a "weekend warrior". Get yourself into
shape gradually with a graded exercise programme. Listen to your body. Warm up properly and cool
off after exercising. Use proper equipment and the correct technique.
• Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don't carry heavy objects. Watch where you
step. Keep your home safe.
• To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising or doing tai chi.

R.I.C.E method
• Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury – this is the most critical time
of treatment. Avoid any activity that causes pain or makes it worse. Use crutches if the leg, foot or ankle
is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or shoulder with a sling. Tape an injured toe or finger to its healthy
neighbour.
• Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack or cold
compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3 or 4
hours, then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with a thin cloth. If ice packs are
not available, a packet of frozen vegetables in a cloth will do.
• Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days. Check that the bandage
is snug, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at night.
• Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever you are sitting or lying
down. Try to keep the injured area at or above the level of the heart.
D. Examples
Basic Dance Steps Illustration:

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Part II. Activity Proper
A. Directions: Invite any members of your family to complete this activity.
Create your own choreography of Cha-cha dance applying at least 5 basics
dance steps that you have learned for 2 minutes. Please include dance mixers as part of your
choreography.
For learner with gadget and internet connection, submit your output to link that will provided by
your teacher.
For learner with gadget but with limited data, submit your output save in a usb to be included with
your module and answer sheet.
You will be graded according to the following:

B. Choreography Musicality Performance Musical

Theater
Technique
• Knows most or all • Follows all • Eyes up to Expressive
choreography counts & audience as
• Movements are "big" rhythms Appropriate appropriate
5: Mastery
expressiveness to character
(emotion/facial and style
expressions
• Knows some • Follows some • Some eye • Somewhat
choreography counts & contact expressive
4:
• Movements are rhythms Expressive at appropriate
Proficiency
visible but not as times to character
"big" and style
3: • Knows little to no • Follows • Little to no eye • Minimally
Emerging choreography few/no counts contact appropriate
Proficiency • Movements are & rhythms • Minimally to character
subtle or vague expressive and style
Directions: Identify the following dances whether Latin American Dances or Modern Standard Dances

1. Cha-cha-cha 6. Samba

2. Rumba 7. Paso Doble

3. Slow Waltz 8. Jive/Boogie

4. Tango 9. Foxtrot

5. Viennese Walt z 10. Quickstep

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Key to Corrections:
Activity B.
Latin American dances 1. Cha-cha-cha Latin American dances 6. Samba

Latin American dances 2. Rumba Latin American dances 7. Paso Doble

Modern Standard Dances 3. Slow Waltz Latin American dances 8. Jive/Boogie

Modern Standard Dances 4. Tango Modern Standard Dances 9. Foxtrot

Modern Standard Dances 5. Viennese Modern Standard Dances 10. Quickstep

Walt z

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Part III. Summative Assessment: Multiple choices
Directions: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer on the blank provided before each
number.
1. Which of the following social dances originated from Cuba?
A. Boogie C. Slow Waltz
B. Cha-cha-cha D. Tango
2. What is the name of the Cuban composer and violinist who
introduced the music of Cha-cha-cha?
A. Enrique Jorrin C. Enrique Oirisha
B. Enrique Lorvine D. Enrique Santeria
3. What is the time signature used in the dance Cha-cha-cha?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6
4 4 4 8
4. When was Cha-cha-cha first introduced to the United States?
A. 1934 B. 1944 C. 1954 D. 1964
5. What is the step pattern of Cha-cha-cha?
A . step, step, close, step, close C. step, close, step, step, close
B. close, step, close, step, step D. step, step, step, close, step
6. What is the proper counting of Cha-cha-cha?
A. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1 C. and 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 1 and 2, 3 and 4 D. 1 and 2, 3, 4 and
7. Who imported the dance cha-cha-cha to the continent of Europe?
A. Patrick Lavelle C. Roderick Lavelle
B. Pierre Lavelle D. Rudxyl Lavelle
8. What is the common injury when you danced cha-cha-cha?
A. burns B.concussion C. sprain D. shin splints
9. What is the best first-aid method for injury treatment?
A. ICE method C. PRIZE method
B. RICE method D. WISE method
10. How to prevent injuries during dance training?
A. Always warm-up before training and cooling down after training.
B. Always wear proper shoes and attire.
C. Eat well and stay hydrated before, during and after training.
D. All of the above.

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B. Directions: Write True if the statement below is correct, if the statement is false write the correct
answer.
1. In 1934, Cha-cha-cha first introduced to the United States.
2. Sprain is the common injury when you danced cha-cha-cha.
3. Enrique Jorrin, a Cuban composer and violinist introduced the music of Cha-cha-cha.
4. Cha-cha-cha is a social dances originated from Cuba.
5. PRICE method is the best first-aid method for injury treatment.

C. Essay
1. What is Social Dances?

2. What is Dance Sports?

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Part III. Summative Assessment:
A. B.
1. B 4. C 7. B 1. False, 1954
2. True
2. A 5. D 8. C
3. True
3. C 6. A 9. B
4. True
10. D
5.False, RICE method
References:
A. Books
Learner’s Material for Physical Education & Health Grade 9; Department of Education
B. Government Publications
C. Periodicals
D. Online and Other Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=134&v=QjcWXpvA5e8&feature=emb_logo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5_s1OUizfQ

https://www.dancing4beginners.com/cha-cha/

https://www.nhsinform.scot/tests-and-treatments/emergencies/first-aid

https://www.neurotour.com/blog/7-common-dance-injuries

https://www.danceinsanity.com/videos/10-basic-chacha-steps-for-beginners/

https://www.elastoplast.com.au/injury-advice/muscle-and-joint-pain/common-joint-and-muscle-injuries

https://dance.lovetoknow.com/Cha_Cha_Dance_Instructions

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