Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SORSOGON
BULAN IV DISTRICT
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET # 3
Quarter - 1

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION – Grade 7/8

Household Services

Student Name: ______________________ Grade & Section: ______________

Teacher: ___________________________ Date Submitted: ______________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT:

We can say that knowing the different hazard involved in a particular workplace
allows an organization to plan responses to a variety of possible emergencies and
also a big help to reduce accidents, improve the health of the employees, and
makes for a safer, secure work environment.

II. LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

LO 2. Identify /evaluate hazards and risks TLE_HEHS7/8OS-0e-f-6

Objectives:
▪ Classify the types of hazard/risk according to physical, biological, and
chemical
▪ Describe the effects of ergonomics in the workplace
▪ Create a simple contingency plan.

III. ACTIVITIES

A. Lesson Information:

PHILIPPINE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND

SAFETY

Occupational Safety and Health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all occupational safety and
health programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect
co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and
other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment. It may involve
interactions among many subject areas, including medicine, occupational well-being, public
health, safety engineering / industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics and others.

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 The Occupation Safety and Health Center in the country is established by Executive
order No. 307. The implementing rules and regulations are issued by the Employees
Compensation Commission (ECC).

These Implementing Rules and Regulations are issued pursuant to the authority of
the Employees Compensation Commission (ECC) under Section 8 of Executive Order No.
307 establishing the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC).

The main objectives of the OSHC are follows:

1. Prevent, eliminate, or reduce work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths

2. Implement effectively occupational health and safety programs that will promote the
health, efficiency, and general well-being of the Filipino workers through the improvement of
the quality of his working life that will significantly enhance the productivity of industries and
business

3. Maintain an expert intelligence and training center for industrial disease and occupational
safety.

Coverage of Services

The Services of the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) covers the
preventive (primary, secondary, tertiary prevention) aspects of occupational safety and health
in every workplace, public or private.

The Center serves as the authority on Occupational Safety and Health in the areas of
research, training, and information dissemination and technical services.

The Center undertakes studies and research in all aspect of occupational safety and
health. It focuses and studies:

1. To prevent and reduce occupational and work-related injuries and illnesses.

2. To continuously review and support the updating of the list of occupational illnesses
as prescribed in PD 626, Employees’ Compensation and State Insurance Fund.

3. To aid standard setting and enforcement of OSH Standards.

Three Safe Steps:

1. SPOT THE HAZARD- A hazard is anything that could hurt you or it is the level of
threat to life, health, property, and environment but hazard does not exist when it is not
happening.

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 2. ASSESS THE RISK- It means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm to
someone and how serious the harm could be.
3. MAKE THE CHANGES-For example, you can pick up things from the floor and put
them away to eliminate a trip hazard.

Why Should Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) be a Priority?

OHS needs to be a top priority for the organization to implement workplace health and
safety measures for their employees. It is also mandatory by law to make sure that the
employees are aware of all the safety measures.
If the workplace is not capable of keeping the employees fit and healthy then there will be
issues and leave of absences hence, costing a lot to the company. The other costs that the
company will bear is a loss of skilled labour, reduced productivity, loss of business reputation,
etc.

To curb these additional costs, every company should take occupational health and
safety on high priority and ensure the good health of the employee.

HAZARDS AND RISKS AND ITS EFFECTS

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or

environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm.
However, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency. A hazard does not
exist when it is not happening. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an
incident. Hazard and vulnerability interact together to create risk.

A risk is possibility of something bad happening. Risks involves uncertainly about the
effects/implications of an activity with respect to something that humans value (such as health,
well-being, wealth, properly or the environment), often focusing on negative, undesirable
consequences.

What Are the Most Common Hazards in a Workplace?

The words ‘risk’ and ‘hazard’ are often used interchangeably. However, if you are
responsible for managing the health and safety in your workplace, it’s important that you
understand the difference between them.

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Hazards are sometimes classified into three modes:

• Dormant - The situation has the potential to be hazardous, but no people, property, or
environment is currently affected by this. For instance, a hillside may be unstable, with the
potential for a landslide, but there is nothing below or on the hillside that could be affected.

• Armed - People, property, or environment are in potential harm's way.

• Active - A harmful incident involving the hazard has occurred. Often this is referred to not as
an "active hazard" but as an accident, emergency, incident, or disaster.

Control Hazards and Risks

Where the assessment reveals a problem, preventive measures must be designed and
implemented. Control measures should now be selected according to the list of control
priorities. First, try to eliminate the hazard. If this is not possible, prevent or minimize exposure
to the risk by one or a combination of:

a. Substituting a less hazardous

material, process or equipment.
b. Redesigning equipment or work processes.
c. Isolating the hazard When exposure to the risk
is not (or cannot be) minimized by other means:
a). Introduce administrative controls like safe
work methods and operating procedures . Written
work procedures control the way the work is done.
b). Use appropriate personal protective
equipment.

Common Workplace Hazard and Their Control Measures

The following are workplace hazards and their control measures:

ELECTRICAL HAZARD

TLE Household Services_Grade7/8_LAS3

 Many of the electrical appliances used for household services can create serious
health and safety risks in the workplace, particularly in wet conditions. Damage to equipment
increases this risk. Electrical shock can result in electrocution, burns and injuries from falls .

Control Measures:
a. You should always check any equipment before use.
b. Ask qualified electrician to check all pieces of electrical
equipment in the workplace annually or as often as possible.
c. Damaged or broken electrical equipment should not be used, the
tag must warn people not to use the equipment.
d. When adjusting or cleaning equipment, SWITCH OFF the power
and pull out the plug and NOT by the cord.
e. Do not touch equipment with wet hands or don't use a wet cloth
to clean sockets.
f. Make sure flexible cords are fully unwound and kept clear of work
traffic.
g. Do not run too many pieces of equipment from one socket.

CHEMICAL HAZARD

Chemical Hazards are substances used and/or

produced at work that have the potential to harm
the health and safety of people at work. They can
harm people’s health if they get into the body, for
example, if they are breathed in, absorbed through
the skin or eyes or ingested accidentally. The
effects of hazardous substances may show
immediately, or it may take years for illness or
disease to develop. Health effects of some
hazardous substances include skin irritation, coughs, asthma, sensitization, poisoning and
cancer.

Measures of Concentration of Toxic Substances (Chemical Substances)

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
TLV is a measures of concentration of toxic substances .It is the average
concentration of an airborne substance to which most workers could be safely exposed
over an eight-hour working day or forty-hour working week throughout a working lifetime.
Maximal Allowable Concentration (MCL)
MCL is a peak or maximum concentration of an airborne to which most worker
could be safely exposed.

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 Control Measures:
a. Used alternative substances or processes which are less hazardous.
b. Provide good ventilation can get rid of the fumes and chemical smell that builds up in a
workplace.
c. Provide separate eating and drinking amenities for employees.
d. Ensure appropriate safety signs, training, instruction and provision of Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) and labels.
e. Use appropriate PPE.

PHYSICAL HAZARD
(SLIPS, TRIPS, FALLS)

Slips- loss of balance caused by too little friction between a person’s

foot and a walking surface.

Trips- hit an object, lose your balance and fall.

Falls- when you lose your balance & drop to the floor.

The results of slips, trips and falls include broken bones, abrasions, contusions, strains,
sprains, back or spinal injuries and other serious injuries. During a slip, trip or fall accident,
injury may be caused by over stretching joints, bones and ligaments.

Control Measures:
a. Clean up spills straight away.
b. Use mats on slippery floors.
c. Wear appropriate work shoes.
d. Improve cleaning methods to prevent build-up of grease/detergent.
e. Provide ample storage space, to avoid materials being placed in aisles/walkways.
f. Set absorbent flooring materials into entrance areas.

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 FIRE SAFETY

As a worker/citizen, you must be aware of and trained

in fire and emergency evacuation procedures in the
workplace. Emergency exit route will be the easiest route by
which all of the workers and staff can leave the building/area
safely.

Control Measures:
a. Keep all escape routes and fire exits clear, and make regular checks to ensure they are
safe to use.
b. Firefighting equipment must be available, located in specified area. You can include fire
extinguishers, blankets, sand buckets and water hoses.
c. Store products, particularly aerosols, away from naked flames or sources of heat, at or
below room temperature and in a dry atmosphere.
d. Switch off and unplug all electrical appliances before leaving the workplace .
e. Make sure that all workers in the area are aware of the action that must takes in the
event of a fire.

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD

Biological hazards, also known as bio hazards, refer to biological

substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that
of humans. Micro-organisms are everywhere and are continually introduced
into the environment

Control Measures:
The following are the methods on how to control infectious
diseases:
1. Cleaning is the removal of soil and a reduction in the number of micro-organisms from
equipment surfaces by washing in detergent and warm water.

Methods of Cleaning:
a. Rinse the equipment in warm water (15-30°C) to remove any blood or body fluids.
b. Wash the equipment in a sink filled with warm water and a mild alkaline detergent to
remove all visible soiling.
c. Rinse the equipment thoroughly in running water.
d. Dry with a cotton cloth. Drying prevents residues from damaging equipment during
sterilization.
e. Store under cover in a clean, dry and dust free environment.

2. Disinfection is the removal of micro-organisms by chemical or physical means. The

level of decontamination depends on duration of exposure to lethal levels of disinfectants.
Unlike sterilization, disinfection does not remove all microorganisms but reduces the
population to safe levels.

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 Proper use of disinfectants:
a. All implements must be thoroughly cleaned of all visible matter or residue before soaking in
disinfectant and prevent them from being effective.
b. Implements and tools must be completely immersed in disinfectant solution for the time
specified on the product label.
3. Sterilization is the total destruction of all living micro-organisms and their

spores.
Method of sterilization:
1. Physical agents such as radiation and heat.
2. Chemical agents, such as antiseptics, disinfectants and vapor fumigants.

ERGONOMIC HAZARD

Ergonomics is the study of how equipment and furniture can

be arranged in order that people can do work or other activities
more efficiently and comfortably. It is important in the adaptation of
work conditions to the physical and psychological nature of people.

Control Measures:
a. Practicing shifts.
b. Raised platform to help operators reach badly located
controls.
c. Provide height adjustable chairs to individual. Operator can
work at their preferred work height.
d. Proper orientation of machine to prevent squatting posture.
e. Take some rest if you feel tired to prevent pain and
numbness.

EFFECTS OF ERGONOMICS IN THE WORKPLACE

Ergonomic hazards- are a result of physical factors that can result in

musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a poor workstation setup in an
office, poor posture, and manual handling.

Psychological Factors- include those that can have an adverse effect on

an employee’s mental health or wellbeing. For example, sexual harassment,
victimization, stress, and workplace violence. Psychological factors are the
elements of your personality that limits or enhance the ways that you think.
A phobia (illogical and uncontrollable fear) can limit or even control the ways
that you think or react.

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 Physiological Factors- are things related to your physical body that affect
your thinking. For example, when, your body’s chemistry is off due to
unbalanced nutrition, dehydration, alcohol, etc., the neurotransmitters that
control your thinking processes can be affected. It also includes changes to
the brains structure due to injuries, extended periods of inactivity, or physical
stress.

Effect of Hazards in Workplace

1. Mechanical Hazards
The severity of the injury depends on mostly how the accident happens like slips, falls
and entanglement. It is the responsibility of the company to make sure all risks are minimized.

2. Chemical Hazards
Everywhere around us see chemical and mixture of chemicals. Some chemicals are
acidic while some are extremely volatile. The workplace health risks involved any chemical is
hard to determine without first knowing what exactly the chemical is and what environment it
is in.

3. Biological Hazards
Viruses, diseases and other forms of sickness and biological hazards are the hardest
to manage when it comes to the workplace. The most common areas of transmitting disease
are in public areas and at work so workplace health is seriously threatened by biological
hazards. One more reason why biological hazards are hard to manage is their ability to travel
from place to place.

CONTINGENCY MEASURES AND PROCEDURES

A contingency plan is a written emergency procedures plan which describes what

actions must be taken to minimize hazards from fires, explosions or unplanned releases of
hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil or water.

What Must a Contingency Plan Include?

➢ A description of the emergency procedures to be followed by facility personnel in response

to fires, explosions, or any unplanned sudden or non-sudden release of hazardous waste or
hazardous waste constituents to the air, soil, or water.

➢ A description of arrangements agreed to by local police departments, fire departments,

hospitals, contractors, and state and local emergency response teams.

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➢ An up-to-date list of names, addresses and phone numbers (office and home) of all persons
qualified to act as emergency coordinator. When more than one person is listed, one must be
designated as primary emergency coordinator and the others must be listed in the order in
which they will assume responsibility as alternates.

➢ An up-to-date list of all emergency equipment at the facility, including the location and
physical description of each item, along with a brief outline of its capabilities. Examples of
emergency equipment include, but are not limited to, fire extinguishing systems,
communications and alarm systems, personnel protective equipment, spill containment or
clean-up equipment, and decontamination equipment; and

➢ An evacuation plan for facility personnel.

Evacuation

Evacuation is the immediate and rapid movement of people away from the threat or
actual occurrence of a hazard. Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building
due to a bomb threat or fire to the large-scale evacuation of a district because of a flood,
bombardment or approaching weather system. In situations involving hazardous materials or
possible contamination, evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being transported out of
the contaminated area.
Isolation

Isolation refers to various measures taken to prevent contagious diseases from being
spread from a patient to other patients, health care workers, and visitors, or from others to a
particular patient. Various forms of isolation exist, some of which contact procedures are
modified, and others in which the patient is kept away from all others.

Forms of Isolation
a. Strict isolation is used for diseases spread through the air and in some cases by
contact.
b. Contact isolation is used to prevent the spread of diseases that can be spread
through contact with open wounds.
c. Respiratory isolation is used for diseases that are spread through particles that are
exhaled.
d. Blood and body fluids precaution is used when there is concern about communicable
diseases found in a patient's body fluid.
e. Reverse isolation is a method to prevent a patient in a compromised health situation
from being contaminated by other people or objects.

Decontamination
Decontamination is the reduction or removal of chemical agents. It may be accomplished by
removal of these agents by physical means or by chemical neutralization or detoxification.

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 B. TASK/S:

Task 1: Lets group together!

Direction: Classify the following pictures according to the type of hazard in the
workplace.Connect the picture whether its Biological, Physical or Chemical
hazard.

BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

TASK 2:
A. A STORY BEHIND
Directions: Make a story based on each picture. Create your own story plot, setting
and character and make sure to indicate the type of hazard shown.

1.

2.

3.

4.

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 B. DESCRIBE ME

Directions: Describe the effects of ergonomics in the workplace.

ERGONOMICS

PHYSIOLOGICAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

Task 3: Apply it on
Direction: Choose from the current news in TV, Radio, or Internet (hazards and risks
that just happened) write a contingency plan with the following consideration:

• Control hazards and risks following OHS procedures strictly

• Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of workplace
emergencies.

Note: Contingency Plan made may be presented by the following activities:

• Research
• Blog on social media (Facebook, tiktok, Instagram, etc.)
• Video presentation
• Scrapbook style output

IV. SCORING RUBRICS

Criteria
Excellent Very Satisfactory Poor Score
Satisfactory
Clarity 30% (29-30) Clear (26-27) (24-25) (22-23) Little
relationship Relationship Unclear or No attempt
between between relationship at all to
concepts. concepts is between explain
evident concepts

Comprehensiv (24-25) (21-22) (19-20) (17-18) Little

eness 25% Information is Information is Information is or No attempt
clear accurate accurate inaccurate at all to
and precise explain

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 Coherence (24-25) (21-22) (19-20) (17-18) Little
25% Logical Components Components or No attempt
organization and and at all to
from subcomponen subcomponen explain
components ts are present ts are not
to organized
subcomponen
ts
Presentation (19-20) (16-17) (14-15) (12-13) Little
20% Presentation Presentation Presentation or No attempt
is orderly and is orderly is not orderly at all to
effective explain
Total Score

V. EVALUATION
Direction: Identify the type of hazard shown on the pictures. Write Biological,
Physical, Chemical or Electrical on the blank.

1. _____________ 2. __________ 3. _________ 4. __________ 5. ___________

VI. ANSWER KEY

Task 1 Task 2
a.
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False

b. Learner answer may vary.

Task 3 Evaluation:
• Answers may vary 1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Chemical
4. Electrical
5. Biological

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 VII. REFLECTION (just check the box for your answer)

Questions: Yes No
Can you classify biological, chemical, and physical hazard?
Did you understand contingency measures?
Can you avoid the danger that biological, chemical, and
physical hazard/risk in a workplace?

VIII. REFERENCES
• Maribel, B. (2020). TLE – Grades 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode. Philippines: Dept. of
Education
• Custodio, C. Household Services Exploratory Course. Philippines: Dept. of
Education
• https://worksmart.org.uk/health-advice/health-and-safety/hazards-and-
risks/what-difference-between-hazard-and-risk/hazard_risk.html
• http://www.covid19.gov.ph/
• https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-
and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses%23:~:text=symptoms
• https://www.ccohs.ca/oshaanswers/hsprograms/hazards_risks.html

• https://highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/hazards-in-the-workplace/
• https://www.slideshare.net/candymatias/types-of-hazards-prepared-by-msludangco

• AUTHOR: CHITRA REDDY-https://content.wisestep.com/importance-ohs-

occupational-health-safety-work/
• AUTHOR: CUPAY DABU-
https://www.slideshare.net/cupaydabu/occupational-health-and-safety-
procedures
• LEARNING MODULE FROM DEPED BATAAN-
http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_nail_care_learning_modul
e.pdf

Prepared by:

LAIZA G. GARRA – Teacher I

Gate National High School

Reviewers:

Riza S. Gotis
Laiza G. Garra
Juvy Lyn G. Conda
GATE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

TLE Household Services_Grade7/8_LAS3