Tsutsumi Honeybeesprofile - PDF - Honey Bee - Beehive

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Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry (http://agroforestry.net/ scps)
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
Production and Marketing Profile for
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Products
Honey Bees
RW Poster Cibia Module 1
Honeybee…
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Regional Trainin…
( Apis mellifera)
Venom Book
Review
366rc20167
By Lorna H. Tsutsumi and Darcy E. Oishi


INTRODUCTION products such as desserts, dressings, and mead. Hon
Tere are several bee species that are cultivated for their also be used as an ingredient in other value-added pr
products and pollination services but the most widely used such as cosmetics and health supplements. Other h
species is the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Honey bees are able products derived from honey bee cultivation i
found on all land masses except for the extreme poles. In pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, venom, packaged be
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
Hawai‘i and in the Pacific, there is a great potential for bee- queen bees. Products such as pollen and royal jelly
keeping at all scales. Rural areas in the Pacific are ideal for consumed in their natural state from the hive but a
supporting beekeeping activities because of the abundant ally mixed with other ingredients to produce medic
year round floral sources that can provide enough honey for health supplements. Other raw products such as p
family and/or community needs with the possibility of addi- and wax need to be processed into a more stable or
tional income from the selling surplus honey. Additionally, form and then used for a variety of value-added pr
because of geographic isolation, Pacific island beekeepers including cosmetics, candles, and medicinal ointm
face reduced risk for new bee diseases and pests than most 
tinctures. Venom is a specialized product with a limi
other beekeepers. Beekeepers can develop commercial op- dicinal market. Queen bee and package bee produc
erations to sell honey and other value-added products for specialized beekeepers that utilize their hives for t
export, especially if branded with localized floral sources pose of producing bees for sale.
AD42 - Bee
or locations. In RWparts
Poster
of Cibia
the Pacific,Module 1 activities DocPollination
beekeeping 20160415 servicesVenom
are an Book 366rc20167
important source of be
Products are becoming established initially at Honeybee…
a small-scale with the income, especially on
Regional Trainin… Review the U.S. mainland. Tis is an e
possibility of larger commercial operations developing. In service to ensure maximum fruit yields, especially fo
Hawai‘i, honey production reached its peak in the early monocrops (e.g., almonds, oranges, apples, water
1940’s when it was ranked as the 8 th leading export behind In Hawai‘i and in the Pacific, beekeepers oen nego
large agricultural crops such as sugar, pineapple ( Ananas co- trade for land use in exchange for pollination servic
mosus), banana ( Musa spp.), macadamia nut ( Macadamia lination services performed by honey bees make th
integrifolia ), coffee (Coffea arabica), and papaya ( Carica pa- essential component on agricultural lands as well as
paya) (Roddy and Arita-sutsumi, 1997). Honey as an in- ecosystems that are dependent on insect pollinators.
dustry has the potential for resurgence because of the trend
toward agricultural diversification with crops that require ORIGIN OF HONEY BEE CULTIVATION
insect pollination. People recognized thousands of years ago that certai
of bees were associated with highly prized honey. In a
USES AND PRODUCTS Africa, Asia, and South America, people continue the
Te most well known and utilized of the harvestable prod- ations-old practice of collecting honey from wild be
ucts from honey bees is honey. Honey can be consumed People probably observed that bees would move in
as soon as it is harvested from the hive (or stored for later low cavities such as vases or clay pots and the hone
use) or it can be used to make a variety of value-added food such colonies could be more easily harvested than fro
Lef: Feral hive in a tree hollow. Kurtistown, Hawai‘i. Right: Langstroth bee hives with roos or rain protection at the Unive
Hawai‘i at Hilo Farm, Panaewa, Hawai‘i.
Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing Profile for Honey Bees by Lorna H. Tsutsumi and Darcy E. Oishi

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
Lef: Honey bee worker gathering nectar and pollen in Panaewa, Hawai‘i. Right: Gather coffee blossom nectar in North Kona,
AD42 - Bee RW Poster Cibia Module 1 Doc 20160415 Venom Book 366rc20167
Productshives. Providing these spaces and encouraging
Honeybee… bees to use Regional Trainin…
Tis social Review
insect lives in a colony of several thousan
them as hives were probably the earliest attempts to culti- and is in the order Hymenoptera, family Apidae, a
vate bees for purposes of harvesting their hive products. In family Apinae. Te Asiatic, Eastern, or Indian hon
1851, Langstroth, considered the “father”You're
of modernReading Apis
day ( a Preview
cerana Fabricius, also known as Apis (cerana)
beekeeping, developed the first movable hive that allowed is native to Asia and is also cultivated for honey and
for frames to be removed from the hive, the honey extracted tion. Te use of this species is localized to the East in
Upload
from the frame, and the frame placed back into your documents
the hive re- to download.
tries such as India, Japan, and China (Kapil, 1971). H
sulting in little harm to the colony. Te movable hive and because of the larger amounts of honey and other pr
improved beekeeping methods increased the efficiency of that can be harvested from an A. mellifera hive, ma
producing honey bee hive products and allowed Upload to Download
the servic- keepers in these areas are converting to this specie
ing of agricultural crops requiring pollination. other species in the genus Apis are native to southe
but cannot be cultivated. Tese species, Apis dorsat
THE HONEY BEE AND ITS RELATIVES OR cius, the Giant or rock bee and Apis florea Fabricius
tle or dwarf bee, build only single comb nests with m
Since honey bees belong to the genus Apis, which in Latin
amounts to of harvestable
and honey (Lindauer, 1957). T
means “bee,” the prefix “api” is oenBecome a Scribd member
used in beekeeping read
out the remainder of text, the common name of hon
terms such as, apiarist, a beekeeper or honeydownload
farmer; api-full documents.
or bee is used in reference to Apis mellifera unless oth
ary, the location of bee hives; apiculture, the cultivation or
specified.
farming of bees; and apitherapy, the use of beeStart Yourfor
products 30 Day FREE Trial
health purposes.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Te official common name (approved by the common
names committee of the Entomological Society of America) Te native range for the honey bee is Europe, Africa, a
for Apis mellifera is the honey bee. Other English names in- Near East. Selection and adaptation to the biotic (e.g.
clude: honeybee (without a space), Western honey bee, and plant species) and abiotic (e.g., climate) factors in th
Eastern honey bee. Since honey bees are global in distribu- ferent regions resulted in anatomical and behavioral
tion, there is a name for honey bee in most languages. In es in the honey bee leading to the development of d
the Pacific where it is cultivated, the honey bee is known in subspecies or “races” (Ruttner, 1968). Tere are a
some languages as 11 subspecies that originated in Europe, three of wh
used commonly in small scale or commercial bee
Fiji: oni tions or by hobbyist beekeepers. One subspecies is A
Hawai‘i: nalo mele lifera carnica Pollmann, commonly known as the Ca
Palau: hats bee. Its homeland is the southern part of the Austria
Samoa: lago meli and the North Balkan (Yugoslavia). It is considered b
ahiti: miel abeille as the gentlest among the different races with long t
onga: hone (6.4–6.8 mm), which make this race ideal for the poll
Vanuatu: lenakel of floral sources that have deep nectaries. Te hair
Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry (http://agroforestry.net/scps)


age is grey to brown. Another subspecies is Apis mellifera pollen and nectar for food. Since honey bees usually
mellifera L., the German bee. Its original homeland is con- enclosed spaces, rain is not a limiting factor but the
sidered to be all of Europe north and west of the Alps. Tis water for cooling the hive and for drinking can prev
race is generally aggressive with relatively large bodies and tablishment in arid areas.
short tongues (5.7–6.4 mm). Te third species from Europe
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is Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, the Italian bee. Te origi- BIOLOGY
nal homeland is Italy except for Sicily. Tis race is generally
smaller than the German bee with relatively long tongues Colony composition
(6.3–6.6 mm). Tis race is very calm and forms strong A honey bee colony is made up of three classes or cast
breeding colonies. Tere are six subspecies that originated queen, several hundred drones, and several thousan
in the Middle East, one of which is used commercially, Apis ers. Te queen is a fertile female that lays the eggs
mellifera caucasica Pollmann, the Caucasian bee. Te home- colony. Te eggs are laid in honeycomb cells and a
land for this race is the valleys of the Central Caucasus. Te larvae hatch, it is the responsibility of the workers  to c
abdomen is dark with brown spots. Te race has very long the developing young. Te drones are males that are
tongues (up to 7.2 mm). Tis race uses a lot of propolis but sible for mating with the queen. Te workers are st
is known to be gentle and calm on the combs. None of the 11 males that perform the remaining duties for the hive
subspecies or races
AD42 - Bee from Africa
RW Poster Cibia is used commercially
Module 1 in the Docinclude:
20160415 feeding of Venom
the young, defense of the
Book hive, b
366rc20167
U.S. and the Pacific but one that is well known and is a prob- honey comb, maintenance of the hive, and collectio
Products Honeybee… Regional Trainin… Review
lem for both homeowners and beekeepers in the U.S. and production of food needed for the survival of the col
Central/South America is Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier
which is commonly known as the African, Africanized, or Anatomy
“killer” bee. You're Reading Teahoney
Previewbee has three body parts, the head, thora
abdomen. Te head has one pair of antennae, one
HONEY BEE IMPORTATION TO HAWAI‘I compound eyes and a set of mouthparts. Te thorax h
Upload your documents to download.
wings and three pairs of legs. Te abdomen varies in
Te first successful introduction of honey bees to the Hawai-
among the three classes. Te queen can be recognized
ian Islands occurred on October 21, 1857. Initial shipments
large size and relatively long abdomen in comparison
Upload
to Hawai‘i included Italian, Carniolan, and Caucasian beesto Download
worker bees. Her stinger is barbless and is used only i
in addition to the original German bees. But on September
with other queens. Drones can be recognized by the
17, 1908, the territory instituted a ban on importing pack-
aged bees as a means to prevent the accidental introduction OR eyes and rounder body. Te drone does not have a
Because of the duties performed by the workers, th
of bee diseases and pests. Te ban remains in effect today.
many anatomical features unique to this class. Worke
Tus, the only races that exist in the Hawaiian Islands to-
Become a Scribd
day originated from these four races (Fullaway, 1909). In member
a barbedto read
stinger and
that is connected to the poison sac
used in defense of the hive. Once imbedded, the sting
more recent times, honey bee semen for artificial download
insemina-full documents.
not easily be removed and continues to inject poiso
tion, allowed under quarantine regulations, is imported for
breeding purposes. Start Your 30 Day FREE Trial
TEMPERATURE AND CLIMATIC

RANGE
In order to fly, the internal temperature of the hon-
ey bee must be at least 35°C (95°F) which is also
the temperature maintained in the center of the
hive. Te optimal air temperature for foraging is
22–25°C (71.6–77°F). Below 7–10°C (44.6–50°F),
bees become immobile due to cold and above 38°C
(100.4°F) bee activity stops due to excessive heat,
although honey bees can tolerate temperatures
as high as 50°C (122°F) for short periods of time.
Because of their large range of temperature toler-
ance, honey bees can be found in latitudes from
the equator to the Arctic Circle (Graham, 1992) as
long as there are plant sources to provide adequate Queen bee (center o photo) being ed and groomed by workers.
Farm and Forestry Production and Marketing Profile for Honey Bees by Lorna H. Tsutsumi and Darcy E. Oishi
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8/21/22, 4:31 PM Tsutsumi Honeybeesprofile | PDF | Honey Bee | Beehive

Search Read free for 30 days

· 107 views · 29 pages

Uploaded by Natasha Kaur

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Search Read free for 30 days

Related titles Farm and Forestry

By Lorna H. Tsutsumi and Darcy E. Oishi

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Search Read free for 30 days

Specialty Crops for Paciﬁc Island Agroforestry (http://agroforestry.net/scps)

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TEMPERATURE AND CLIMATIC

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