SOUNDS

SOUND AND
AND VISIBLE LIGHT
for SCIENCE Grade 8
VISIBLE LIGHT
Quarter 1 / Week 4

1
NegOr_Q1_Science 8_SLK Week 4_V2
 FOREWORD

Learning science is like learning life. There are many things

that we need to discover in our environment. We are curious
about what happened around us and what is behind everything.

Sound is one of the interesting topics in science. This self-

learning kit (SLK) will serve as a guide for learners to investigate the
effect of temperature to the speed of sound and solve the speed
of sound in air given the temperature in a simpler way.

It was also prepared to the students for a better

understanding of the characteristics and properties of visible light.
Light has been widely used in visibility, entertainment, from mere
transfer of energy to the creation of colors, food production and
other medical purposes. Humans and animals appreciate the
beauty of the world in the presence of light.

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 SOUND
LESSON
1

OBJECTIVES
1. Identify which medium does the sound travel fastest (solid, liquid, gas);
2. Solve the speed of sound in air given the temperature
3. Appreciate how temperature affects the speed of sound.

LEARNING COMPTENCY

• Investigate the effect of temperature to the speed of sound.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
Hi! We are duets. Together
with our friends, Johnsun and
Claude, we will guide you in
this Self Learning Kit (SLK)
which talks about SOUNDS!
Before we learn about sounds,
let’s answer first the Pre-Test.

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write you answer on the
space provided.

________1. What do you call about the vibration that propagates as an acoustic
wave, through transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid?
a. light c. electromagnetic wave
b. sounds d. gravity

________2. Which sound wave travels fastest in the following medium?

a. solid c. gas
b. liquid d. vacuum

________3. Which of the following medium has the slowest speed of sound
wave?
a. air c. metal
b. water d. wood

________4. Which of the following temperature in the air does sound in air travels
fastest?
a. 0 °C c. 20°C
b. 10°C d. 30 °C

________5. What is the speed of sound in air of temperature 30 °C?

𝑚 𝑚
a. 346 𝑠 c. 348 𝑠
𝑚 𝑚
b. 347 d. 349
𝑠 𝑠

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II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

Hello! You have done the Pre-Test. It’s easy, right?

Do you know Taylor Swift, Maroon 5, Justin Bieber, BTS?

Yes, they are singers. Do you love them? I also love them. Have you
ever watched a concert? What time of the day most of the concert starts?
What are the equipment and devices did you see during the concert?

If you watch some concerts, mostly they will start at 6 pm until the
evening. The equipment and devices they used are microphones, lapels,
computer, lights, cables, microphones stand and speakers. If you will observe
the speakers, there are vibrations in it. They produce sound.
What is sound? How do sound travel? What are the media used so that
sound will travel?
Wait…there are too many questions. With this SLK, we can answer those
questions.

Are you ready to know about sounds?

If you are ready, then let’s go!

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 DISCUSSION

SOUNDS

The vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave is called sounds.

The transmission of sound can be done through a medium such as gas, liquid
and solid. This medium has different speed of sound due to the arrangement of
particles.

• Particles in gases are farther

apart. It takes longer to one gas
particle to hit another gas
particle and move the sound
energy along.
A. Particles in Gases

• Sound travels faster and longer

in water. Particles in water are
closer together. That’s why
sound travels quickly in water
than air.

B. Particles of Liquid

• The particles in solid are tightly

packed and sound wave travels
fastest in this medium.

c. Particles of Solid

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 COMPARING SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, and GASES

Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas

Intermolecular Far from one
Very Close Slightly Farther
Spacing another
Takes the shape Takes the shape
Volume Has definite shape of the other of the other
container container

Ability to Flow Cannot flow Able to flow Able to flow

Highly
Compressibility Not compressible Not compressible
compressible

Density Densest Dense Low density

FYI Do you know that sound will not travel

in outer space?

: In outer space, you can’t hear anything

because there is no air or any other matter.
We call this a vacuum. When we see
spaceship explode in space, we can’t hear
anything.

The speed of sound may differ for different types of solids, liquids,
and gases. At a molecular level, a rigid material is distinguished by atoms
and/or participles with strong forces of attraction for each other. Particles
that are closely packed from each other can vibrate at higher speed.
Thus, sound travels faster in steel than rubber.

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 Hello Claude! It’s been so long
Hi Johnsun! I’m great! I went
that I didn’t see you. How are you?
to different places especially in
the north!

Wait... what? I can’t hear

you but I can see you’re speaking... It’s maybe the sound! It
travels slowly.

Oh! I’m happy to know that

you’re great and I’m glad that you That’s what I told you.
went to different places. I think the Hmm…do you know that
sound of your voice is too slow. temperature directly affects the
speed of sound?

Really? Can you explain it to me?

The hotter the medium (solid, liquid or gas), the faster the sound
travels. Heat is a form of kinetic energy. The higher the temperature,
particles have more kinetic energy and thus, vibrate faster. When
particles vibrate faster, there will be collision per unit time, energy is
transferred more efficiently resulting in second traveling quickly.
Sound travels at about 331 m/s in dry air at 0°C.

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 Ah! So, what will happen to the
speed of sound if the temperature will
increase?

The speed of sound is dependent on temperature of the medium

where an increase is observed with an increase in temperature. This means
that a temperature greater than 0°C speed of sound is greater than 331 m/s
𝑚/𝑠
by an amount 0.6 of the temperature of the medium.
℃

In equation
𝒎 𝒎/𝒔
𝒗 = 𝟑𝟑𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝑻)
𝒔 ℃
where: T – temperature of air in Celsius degree
v- speed of sound
𝑚/𝑠
0.6 ℃
- constant factor of temperature

Example 1: What will happen to the speed of sound if the temperature of air
is 25°C?

To answer that, let’s write the given then the equation and lastly the solution.
Given: T= 25°C
Equation:
𝒎 𝒎/𝒔
𝒗 = 𝟑𝟑𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝑻)
𝒔 ℃

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Solution:
𝑚 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣 = 331 + 0.6 (25 ℃)
𝑠 ℃

𝑚 𝑚
𝑣 = 331 𝑠
+ 15 𝑠
𝒎
𝒗 = 𝟑𝟒𝟔 𝒔

Let’s Try - Activity 2

What is the speed of sound in air if the temperature is 40°C?

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Congratulations! You learned so many things

about sounds today. You know that sound is the
vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave.
The transmission of sound can be done through a
medium such as gas, liquid and solid.

You also learned that:

• Sound energy needs a medium
for its propagation.
• Sound travels fastest in solids

• Sound travels slowest in gases.

• Sound cannot travel in a
vacuum.

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 You also learned that:

• The speed of sound may travel

differ for different types of solids,
liquids and gases

• The speed of sound directly

affected by the temperature of
the medium
• The equation of speed of sound in
air is
𝒎 𝒎/𝒔
• 𝒗 = 𝟑𝟑𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟔 (𝑻)
𝒔 ℃

where T is the temperature of air in

°C.

EVALUATION/POST TEST
Test I: True or False
Directions: Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If
false, correct the underlined word to make the sentence or statement true.

__________1. Sound is the vibration that propagates an acoustic wave, through

transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
________________________
__________2. Particles in gas are tightly packed and sound wave travels fastest
in this medium. ________________________
__________3. The hotter the medium (solid, liquid or gas), the faster the sound
travels. ________________________
__________4. Particles in solid are farther apart. It takes longer to one solid
particle to hit another solid particle and move the sound
energy along. ________________________
__________5. Sound travels faster in steel than rubber. _________________

Test II: Problem Solving

Directions: Write what is asked, given, formula to be used and
show your solution

1. What is the speed of sound in air if the temperature is 10°C?

2. What is the speed of sound in air if temperature is 50°C?

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SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This self-learning kit

discussed about sounds. It aims to
identify which medium does the
sound travel faster (solid, liquid,
gas); determine how temperature
affects the speed of sound and
solve the speed of sound in air
given the temperature. It is made in
a simpler way for the topics in
sound.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND LAY-OUT ARTIST

Mr. Christopher D. Yangan graduated with the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Mathematics in
Negros Oriental State University in the year 2009.
He is a Teacher I in Maria Macahig National High
School, Bonawon, Siaton, Negros Oriental since
2014-present. He is the district science
coordinator in Siaton IV District.

Mr. Dexter Tayko is a graduate of Alternative

Learning System (ALS) in year 2019. He has a
National Certificate II in Bread and Pastry
Production. He is currently working at Henia Hotel,
Dumaguete City.
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 LESSON VISIBLE
2
LIGHT
OBJECTIVES
K: Discuss the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy, frequency and wavelength.
S: Distinguish the color in the spectrum having the greatest energy and least
energy, highest frequency and lowest frequency, and longest wavelength and
shortest wavelength

A: Appreciate the characteristics and properties of visible light

LEARNING COMPTENCY

Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to the energy of visible light.

I. WHAT HAPPENED Hello, how are you today? Do

you know the colors of the
rainbow?

Do you also know that each

color has its own frequency
and wavelength?

Clip art credits vectorstock.com

Clip art credits to vectorstock.com/19306758

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PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST

“OH! I FOUND A RAINBOW”

Materials:

1 pc Prism
1 pc white bond paper

Procedure:

1. Position a white bond paper on the ground in

direct sunlight.
2. Put the prism on top of the bond paper.
3. Adjust and shift the prism until you get the right
angle and see a rainbow. What colors are more
visible?
Photo credits to
https://www.rookieparenting.com

Let’s
Read

Luminous objects are objects that emit their own light, we see them as their
light reaches our eyes.
Nonluminous objects are objects that do not emit light but are illuminated
by light from other sources.
Transparent materials are materials that allows the passage of light.
Opaque materials are materials that do not allow the passage of light.

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 Let’s Try
this Directions: Please analyze carefully and put a check mark to
the corresponding boxes for your answer.

LUMINOUS VS NON – LUMINOUS TRANSPARENT VS. OPAQUE

NON
MATERIALS LUMINOUS MATERIALS TRANSPARENT OPAQUE
- LUMINOUS

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.

6. 6.

7. 7.

8. 8.
Clip art image: ©google.com Clip art image: ©google.com

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 II. WHAT I NEED TO LEARN

Light is a form of energy. It can be converted into other forms. In

plants, light is converted into chemical energy through the process of
photosynthesis which occurs in leaves. Photographic film records
images by converting light into chemical energy.

Other forms of energy can be converted into light. In most of our

homes, electrical energy provides us with light. A candle flame
produces light by converting chemical energy into light.
Visible light is a form of Electromagnetic (EM) radiation, as are
radio waves, infrared, microwave, ultraviolet rays, X rays, and gamma
rays. Generally, visible light is defined as the wavelengths that are visible
to most human eyes.

Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition, Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 2013

Light exhibits the

characteristics and properties of
a wave. It does not need a
medium in order to propagate.
It moves in its maximum speed
in a vacuum. But this speed
decreases as it moves along
different media. This
characteristic of light
consequently shows bending
when it crosses the boundary
between two media.

A prism can break white light up into the visible light

Physics, Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year,
First Edition, Printwell, Inc., 1992 spectrum.(Image: © NASA)

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 DISCUSSION

Color of Light: Its Wavelength, Frequency and Energy

The table below indicates the different wavelength, frequency, and energy
of the colors of a rainbow from prism illustration.

Photon Energy
Wavelength Frequency
Color electron Volts
nanometer (nm) Terahertz (THz)
(eV)
Violet 380 – 450 668 – 789 2.75 – 3.26
Indigo 450 – 495 606 – 668 2.50 – 2.75
Blue 495 – 570 526 – 606 2.17 – 2.50
Green 495 – 570 526 – 606 2.17 – 2.50
Yellow 570 – 590 508 – 526 2.10 – 2.17
Orange 590 – 620 484 – 508 2.00 – 2.10
Red 620 – 750 400 – 484 1.65 – 2.00
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_spectrum

The dual nature of light brings about several observable phenomena in the
sky. The refraction of light may result in a display of colors of light when it passes
through materials. Dispersion is a phenomenon where white light is separated
into its different colors as it passes through a prism.

With the concept of dispersion, colors of light are hierarchically arranged

as ROYGBIV according to frequency and energy of the colors of light. Red
happens to have the lowest frequency and the least energy. Energy and
frequency increase as one moves from red light towards violet light.

This display of colors of lights by dispersion of white light is one of the

consequences of spectacular phenomenon of blue skies, red sunsets and white
clouds.

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 III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

• Light travels as a wave through empty space.

• Light energy is transferred such as from the Sun to the Earth.
• Light travels at “the speed of light”.
• Light is electromagnetic radiation (EMR).
• Visible light is a very small part of the EMR spectrum (ROYGBIV) that
can be seen by the human eyes.
• Of visible light, violet has the most energy and frequency and red
light has the least energy and frequency.
• Refraction is the bending of light wave due to a change in its speed.
Light waves refracts when they pass from one material to another.

EVALUATION/POST TEST

Directions: Read and analyze your answer very carefully. Write your
answer in your notebook
1. State whether the following are luminous or non - luminous materials.
a. Planet d. a glow worm
b. television screen e. a street light
c. Burning candle f. lightning

2. The bending of light due to a change in speed is called

a. Reflection b. Refraction c. diffraction d. interference

3. What is the acronym that can help you remember the order of the
visible spectrum?
a. BROYGIV b. ROYGBIV c. VIBGYOR d. YOGIBVR

4. Each color of light has a different

a. Frequency b. energy c. wavelength d. all of the above

5. Of the visible spectrum, what color has the longest wavelength?

a. Blue b. violet c. red d. yellow

6. A prism can be used to…

a. Separate visible light into colors.
b. Measure the speed of light.
c. Make a beam of light lighter.
d. Make Ultraviolet light visible.
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 7. What is visible light used for?
a. Light and bulbs c. Nothing, visible light cannot be used
b. Sound d. When we breathe

8. These materials do not allow the passage of light.

a. Luminous materials c. Transparent Materials
b. Non-Luminous Materials d. Opaque Materials

9. Which of the following statements is NOT True.

a. Frequency and wavelength have a similar relationship.
b. Low frequency light corresponds to short wavelength.
c. High frequency light corresponds to long wavelength.
d. None of the answers are true.

10. Which colors has the highest frequency.

a. Red b. Green c. Blue d. Violet

11. What happens when you pass white light into a prism?
a. Nothing c. It will show the colors of the rainbow
b. The prism will shatter d. The light will pass straight through

12. What color comes between yellow and blue on the visible spectrum of
light.
a. Red b. Orange c. Green d. Indigo

13. The color white is a mixture of what colors of light?

a. Red and Green c. Blue and Orange
b. Blue and Yellow d. All of the colors

B. Directions: Illustrate to a friend how the following conditions behave.

14. Light travels in a straight line in each medium.

15. White light is made up of different colors.

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REFERENCES

Garrett, A. (2019). Properties of Visible Light. Slide player Inc. Retrieved from
https://slideplayer.com/slide/15398372/
Lucas, J. (2015). What is Visible Light, Live Science, Future US Inc. Retrieved from
https://www.livescience.com
Physics, Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year (1992), First Edition,
Printwell, Inc.,
Rookie Parenting Science (2019). How to make a rainbow. Retrieved from
https://www.rookieparenting.com
Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module (2013), First Edition, Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Study.com. What is Visible Light?. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/practice

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-206f3d588
https://www.123rf.com/clipart-vector/refreshing_refraction.htm
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/444026844507503269

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 Division of Negros Oriental
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/ CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS– Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO, Ed. D.

CHRISTOPHER D. YANGAN
Writers

DEXTER TAYKO/JANE C. RIVERA

Illustrator/Layout Artist

______________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGUE

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR. JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY LESTER C. PABALINAS
MERCY G. DAGOY ARJIE T. PALUMPA
ROWENA R. DINOKOT

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This self-learning kit was

prepared to the students for a
better understanding on the
relationship of impulse and
collision of objects like
vehicular collision. The impulse
momentum relationship is a
good tool in analyzing varied
circumstances where
momentum is changed. The
students will also realize that
before and after collision the
momentum is unchanged in
the absence of external force
acting on the system

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Adeline Fe D. Dimaano, Ed. D. finished

her degree in Doctor of Education at the
University of Southern Philippines
Foundation Incorporated in 2018 at
Cebu City. She also finished her degree
in Master in Teaching Physics at Siquijor
State College in 2013. She took units in
Bachelor in Physics at Maxino College Dumaguete City in
2011 and finished the degree of Bachelor in Secondary
Education major in Mathematics at Negros Oriental State
University in 2001. She has been a facilitator and a writer
to various In-Service Training, Seminars and Workshops in
Science. Currently teaching at Balugo National High
School, Valencia, Negros Oriental.

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