CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction

Over the years, fabricators see that drilling, grinding and cutting operations are the

heart of any workshop/machine shop and they are absolutely necessary. Fabricating is

one of the main processes especially in the manufacturing industries to create or

produce useful products that can be used in everyday lives. In mechanical engineering,

technology is important to keep up with the rapid and ever changing mode of

technology.

Industries are basically meant for production of useful goods and rendered services.

Quality and mass production is accomplished faster compared before because of

advance technology. However, it requires a great deal of money allocation to acquire

and access advance technology. This study will focus on developing a new machine

which can perform three different operations: cutting, drilling and grinding. These

operations are the heart of machine shops. Furthermore, they are the basic needs and

are usually part of every industry specifically in production and manufacturing. These

operations will be performed by only a single motor. This multi-operational machine is

capable of performing these operations simultaneously. This machine can be used in

small or large scale industries.

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1.2. Conceptual Framework

Electric Motor

Pulley

Steel Brush V-Belt

Shaft Pulley Drill

Grinder V-Belt Pulley

Pulley
V-Belt

Cutting Saw Shaft Pulley

Bevel Gear Shaft

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 The aim of this project is to design and fabricate a multipurpose machine that can

perform a number of operations such as the following:

 Drilling - is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to enlarge the hole of the circular

cross section in solid materials.

 Grinding - is a metal cutting operation that uses abrasive wheel as a tool.

 Disk-Cutting – a process for cutting operation

Through this, various operations can be performed by using the same powerful

machine. Thus, this multipurpose machine is multifunctional and requires less amount

of investment.

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1.3. Statement of the Problem

Acquisition of efficient machine and equipment is expensive. Initially,

manufacturers, small-time business capitalists or amateur entrepreneurs cannot afford

to invest on three different machines. That is why the researchers have decided to

design a machine that can operate three different types of power tools running

simultaneously using single motor.

1.4. Objectives of the Study

General Objective

To design and fabricate a multi-operational machine power tool for various

operations using one electric motor in low fabrication cost.

Specific Objectives

 To be able to operate the machine with only one motor

 To be able to use the principles of machine design to fabricate the multi-

operational machine power tool

 To be able to lessen the working space needed in using three different

operations

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1.5. Assumption of the Study

In designing and fabricating the machine, the following assumptions were made:

The study considers the availability of the materials in the local market. Choosing

the best and low cost materials will help the project obtain standard and quality

performance. Power tools and the electric motor are available in local hardware or

machine shops.

1.6. Significance of the Study

 Contribution of New Knowledge Regarding the Concept and Mechanism of

a Multi-Operational Machine. Since the study’s conceptual design is based on

an existing machine, most of the critical defects of a conventional Multi-

Operational Machine will be determined and this study will provide a particular

solution to these defects for the better performance of the machine.

 Low Fabrication Cost. Fabricating a compact machine that can operate three

different operations can save much money compared to buying three different

machines with individual functions.

 Reduction of Working Space. Usually, using three different tools requires and

takes a lot of space in operations, so the researchers decided to design and

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 fabricate a machine that can perform these operations simultaneously in one

compact and easily movable design.

1.7. Scope and Delimitation

The main focus of this study is to develop the equipment in the machine fabrication

shop using a machine that simultaneously performs three functions in one operation

using a single motor. However, it is limited only to small-scale steel and woodwork such

as in the case of a carpentry shop.

 Drilling

Wood – Not applicable for thickness of 4 inches and above

Steel – Not applicable for thickness of 3 millimeters and above

Plastic – Not applicable for thicker than 4 inches and above

 Cutting

Wood –Not applicable for thickness of 3 inches above

Steel – Not Applicable

Plastic – Not Applicable

 Grinding

Steel – All kinds of steel

Wood – Not Applicable

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 Plastic – Not Applicable

1.8 Definition of Terms

1. Spindle – holds the drill or cuts tools and revolves in a fixed position in sleeve

2. DC Motor - produces electricity by applying rotary motion to it. The transmission

assembly ends in the DC motor.

3. Shaft - transfers the power from the energy source

4. Work Table – serves as the main body of the machine

5. Belts - transmits the power from the motor to the tools

6. Pulleys - holds the belt to its place so that it will not escape from the shaft

7. Bearings - provides sliding motion to the two shafts

8. Grinder – serves as the main component for grinding operation

9. Cutting Disk – serves as the main component for the cutting operation

10. Drill Bit – is attached to the spindle so that it can rotate to make a hole

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11. Frame - carries the loads of the entire components

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