1. SCOPE LL This specification covers stan- dard quality cold-finished carbon steel bars produced to chemical compositions. Standard quality cold-finished bars are suitable for heat treatment, for machining. into components. or for use in the as- finished condition as shafting, or in con- structional applications. or for other simi- lar purposes (Note 1). Grades of steel are identified by grade numbers or by ‘chemical composition NOTE 1—A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained n ASTM Specification A 400. 1.2. Material fumished under this specification shall conform to the appli- cable requirements of the current edition ‘of ASTM Specification A 29/A 29M. 1.3. Some end uses may require ma- terial superior to standard quality involv- ing one or more of the available designa- tions shown under Supplementary Re- ‘quirements, Supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individu: ally by the purchaser, LA The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 AASHTO Standards, ‘T 244 Methods and Defini- tions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2.2 ASTM Standards T alan fo Sexes of Automotive Engines. {Mo Conamnwca Aves Warde PA 130 Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon. Cold Finished, Standard Qual ~ AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 169-95 (ASTM DESIGNATION: A 108-902) A29/ Steel Bars, ‘A 29M Carbon and Steel Bars. Carbon and Alloy. Hot- ‘Wrought and Cold Finished. General Re- quirements for ‘A 400. Practice for Steel Bars. Selection Guide. Composition, and Mechanical Properties ‘A510. General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire. Carbon Steel ‘A S16 Steel Bars. Carbon. Hot-Wrought Spe- cial Quality E 4S Determining the in- clusion Content of Steel Practice for Number- ing Metals and Alloys (UNS) 23° Other Documents: SAE J1086 Numbering Metals fang Alloys (UNS) SAE Handbook Federal Standard 66 C Steel, Chemical Composition and Hardenability” AISI Steel Product Manual for Cold Finished Bars’ ES 3, TERMINOLOGY 3a__ Definitions Tralie fom he Sandariaaton Documents Ox de Dua Bl Seenon D700 Robins Ae Pi ‘ipa Pa 1511-508 Aw: NPODS Naan rm me Amencan ron and Sel Is ail 34.1 Standard Qualirr—Cold-fin- ished carbon steel bars produced from special quality hot-wrought carbon stee] bars or rods of equivalent quality. 32 Bars of standard quality are ‘commonly produced in standard chemi- ‘cal grade compositions or to mechanical ‘property specifications and are subject to product analysis tolerances. 3.3 The available secuons and sizes are covered by A 29/A 29M. The bars are normally produced in cut lengths but some small sizes are supplied in coils. The producer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1 Orders for cold-finished bars to this specification should include the fol- owing items to adequately describe the material: 4.11 Name of material 4.1.2 AASHTO specification num- ber and date of issue, 4.13 Chemical composition grade designation or limuts. ‘4:14 Silicon. if required. 4.15 Condition, 41.6 Quality 4.1.7 Shape (round, hex. cic,), size, and length, 448 Report of heat analysis, if required, 4.1.9" End vse. 4.1.10 Additions tothe specification ‘and special or supplementary require- ‘ments, if required. and ‘4.1.11 For coiled product. the coil mass, ID and OD limitations, when required. square,) M169 NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: Steel Bar. M_ 169-94; SAE 1117; Coarse Grain; Cold Drawn: 2700 kg of 38.10 mm diameter x 38 10 4.0 meters. Tong (6000 Ty of 1-500 in. diameter x 10.0 0 feet long): Heat Analysis Required: Screw Machine Pats — . 5. MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE $1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furmace. The primary melting may incorporate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc re- smelting. Where secondary melting is em= ployed. the heat shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted irom a single pri- mary heat 5.2 Deoxidation 5.21 Unless otherwise specified. the steel may be rimmed. capped. semi killed, or killed at the manufacturer's ‘option. $22 When required. the deoxida- tion practice. including killed steel, may be specified. $3 Discard—Sutficient discard shall bbe made to ensure freedom from pipe and undue segregation. SA Redraw Stock—The bars shall be produced from special quality hot- ‘wrought carbon steel bars (ASTM A 576) ‘of from hot-wrought rods designated for cold-finished bars (ASTM A 510). $5 Condition—The bars shall be furnished in one of the following condi- tions as specified by the purchaser: $8.1 Rounds: Cold drawn, Cold drawn, tumed, and Cold drawn, ground, and Hot wrought, cumed, and pol- Hot wrought, tumed, ground, and polished SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS S52 Squares, drawn. 33. Flats 3531 Cold drawn oF $532 Cold rolled $6 Heat Trearment: 5.6.1 Unless otherwise specified, the ‘bars shall be furnished as cold finished ‘except that when the maximum of the carbon range is over 0.55 percent they shall be annealed for cold finishing. 5.62 When property characteristics are required that are not available forthe specified grade as developed in the as- rolled cold-finished condition. the fol- lowing thermal teatments can be ordered: $62.1 Annealed and cold finished. $622 Normalized and cold finished. $423 Cold drawn and stress re- lieved, o ‘$624 Carbon restoration anneal ‘0 overcome surface decarburization on cold-drawn bars. (For round bars pro- duced by tuming, surface decarburization is removed during the manufacturing process.) Hexagons—Cold 6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6.1 Chemical Composition 6.1 The steel shall conform to the ‘chemical composition limits specified in Table 1 for the grade specified by the purchaser. 6.12 Carbon steels not listed in Ta- ble I can be specified. Steels may be selected from ASTM A $76 and A 510: Federal Standard 66 C; the SAE Hand- book: of the AISI Steel Products Manual for Carbon Steel Bars 6.13 When a steel cannot be identi- fied by a standard grade number in aecor- ddanee with Sections 6.1.1 and 6.1.2, the limits for each required element may be specified using the chemical ranges shown in the table (Heat Analysis Chem- ical Ranges and Limits of Carbon Steel Bars) of ASTM A 29/4 29M. 62 Heat Analysis—An analysis of ceach heat shall be made by the manufac- turer to determine the percentages of the elements specified. The analysis shall be ‘made from a test sample preferably taken during the pouring ofthe heat. The chem- am ical composition thus determined shall be reported to che purchaser or his repre- sentative when required by the purchase forder. and shall conform to the speci- fied requirements. 63 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be made by the purchaser. ‘The chemical composition thus deter- mined, as to elements required or re- stricted, shall conform 0 the ordered ‘chemical composition subject to the per- missible variaions on product analysis of the table (Permissible Variations for Product Analysis of Carbon Steel) in ASTM A 29/A 29M, 7. WORKMANSHIP. FINISH, AND APPEARANCE 7.1 Workananship—The bars shall be free of pipe. cracks, and flakes. Within the limits of good manufacturing and inspection practices, the bars shall be fee of injurious seams. laps. segregation, of other imperiections which, due to their nature, degree. oF extent. will interfere with the use of the materal in machining ot fabrication of suitable pars 72 Finish: 721 Unless otherwise specified, the bars shall have a commercial bright ‘smooth surface finish obtained by con- ventional cold-finishing operations such as cold drawing, cold rolling, or turning and polishing. 72.2 Bars may be specified to be ‘ground and polished. tumed and pol- ished. or tumed, ground. and polished. 723° Bars that afe thermal treated after cold finishing may have a discol- ored or oxidized surface 73. Oiling—The bars shall be given a surface coating of oil or other-rust inhibitor to protect against rust during shipment. & CERTIFICATION 1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order. 1 manufacturer's certification that the material was manu- factured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of she test results shall be furnished at the time of shipment.278 SPECIFIC TIONS FOR MATERIALS TABLE 1 Composition of Cold Finished Carbon Stee! Bars NOTE—Grade designations and compositions comespond 10 the respective AISI designations and compesiions UNS Grade Cetin Manganese. ‘Phosphor. Sulfur Designation* Designation _percent_peeen percent “Open Heanh. Basi-Oxypen. and Eleewie-Fumace Grades 10080 1008 10 mx 030-050 O04 max 0.080 max G 10100 1010 (008-013 030-060 0.040 max 0.080 max G 10130 rors 013-018 030-069 0.040 max_—_0.050 man 10160 1016 O43-0.18 040-09 0.040 max 04050 man G 10180 118 (18020 G40-099 0.040 max 0050 man G 10200 1020 018-023 030-06) 040 max_—_ 0080 max G 10220 1022 018-023 070-109 6.040 max 0.080 max G 10250 ros (022-028 030-060 0.040 max_——_0050 max G 10300 130 028-036 060-090 0.040 max 0080 max 10350, 103s 032-038 060-090 0.040 max 0050 man G 10800 oa 37-048 060-090-0040 max 0050 max G 10380, 1035 (083-080 060-090 0.040 max 0.030 max G 10500 10 048-085 U60-090 0K max 0.050 max G 10950 tos (090-103 034-050 0K max_04050 max ‘OpercHcanh, BawcOnypen. and Eletne-Furace Free Cuting Grades*©? Gin m7 02010130 OOH max 0080.13 G10 us (14-020 190-160 0.040 max 0.08-0.13 Gs0 hy 032-039 138165 OM) max 0.08015 Giisio nat Om-085 138168 000 max——008-0.15 Gnas has Oso IBS165 — OOIU may 026-033 Giisw nisi DaROSS 070106 0080 may 00.18 Gn rei Oldman OHDOT 10-018 G 1210 nn O13 mn 070-100 07-012 .16-028 G 121% 2G O13 max O71) 00702028033, = HL OS may ORLA OGHO0F 126-035 Rise 12s Om max OTE NOF OULD 0264038 T New Gnignenn SINISU Wm ade wih ASTI ESET and SAE JING Resromemled Pras acer mse he lowing tangas rceomament ie (10 peeem mn. MO? incon amet apt Such 9 sec ted ering the KL thee I ECON! A th numerator ths Fade mambo ve eam ILT= est antsy wo rma whe ad ‘SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS (One or more of the following supple mentary requirements shall be applied ‘only when specified by the purchaser in the inquiry, contract. or order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing by the manu- facturer and purchaser. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the specification itself 13 SLUG a 125 ae sep wh eve im come Si. COLD WORKING QUALITY 1.1 The classification encompasses bars subject to severe cold plastic defor- ‘mation such as, but not limited to, upset- ting, heading. forging, and forward or backward extrusion 1.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does not have adequate cold ‘working characteristics, appropriate ther- mal treatments should be specified. S13 When Supplementary Require- iment SI is specified, the bars shall be produced by manufacturing practices and subjected to mill tests and inspection and freedom from injurious surface imperfec- tions to the extent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture of identified parts, The quality requirements of indi- ‘vidual applications vary. 82. SPECIAL SURFACE QUALITY ‘82.1. Special surface steels are pro- ‘duced with exacung contro! and appro- priate inspection and surface preparation to minimize the frequency and degree fof seams and other surface imperfections. $3, SPECIAL INTERNAL ‘SOUNDNESS REQUIREMENT $3.1 Special intemal soundness is relative freedom from segregation and porosity, as evaluated by means of @ facroetch test which is performed on representative billet or bar samples. The test consisis of deep etching a cross sec tion in a hot acid solution and examina- tion to evaluate soundness. An alterna- tive method consists of fracturing a billet section and examination of the fracture to evaluate soundness. $4. NON-METALLIC INCLUSION REQUIREMENTS S4.1 The nonmetallic inclusion re quirement comprises a metallographic ‘examination of longitudinal sections to Getermine the nature and frequency of the nonmetallic inclusions. Experience indicates that samples taken midway be- tween the center and surface of the ‘bloom. billet, slab, or bar are most repre- sentative of the average inclusion content of the lot involved. The test specimen is generally heated and quenched 10 harden it before being polished to avoid polishing pits. The specimen is examined ‘at 100 diameters. Methods for determin- ing the nonmetallic inclusion content of steel are described in ASTM E 45. ‘S42. For resulfurized steels, much of the sulfur is present as sulfide inclusions. For this reason, those steels are not gen- ‘erally produced to inclusion rating. —M169 SS, SPECIAL HEAT-TREATING REQUIREMENTS $5.1 Special heat treating {harden ‘ability)'s a term used when the purchaser specifies a8 a requirement the ability of a steel to heat treat to specified mechanical property values that the purchaser must meet after this heat treatment. Care should be taken so that the desired me- chanical property values are compatible ‘with the chemical composition, size, and cross section of the steel $8.2. Hardenability band limits have been established for 1038H, 1045H, and 1541H as well as other grades that appear in the SAE handbook. 6. GRAIN SIZE $6.1 The steel shall conform to ei- SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS ther the coarse austenitic grain size re quirement (except as stated in Section $6.2), or the fine austenitic grain size requirement of ASTM A 29/A 29M. $6.2 Certain elements, or combina- tions of elements, such as manganese. sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinement and it is technically inappro- priate to assure coarse grain size as mea~ sured by the McQuaid-Ehn test on high manganese, high sulfur. and leaded steels such as 1144, 1151, and LIL41 $7. RESTRICTED INCIDENTAL ELEMENTS S71 The purchaser may specify maximum requirements for copper. 29 nickel, chromium, or other elements. $8, THERMAL TREATMENT $8.1 When requires, the purchaser ‘may specify that the material be stress relieved, annealed to specified structure, annealed to no specifed structure, ot ‘normalized. 59, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 9.1 When required. cold-inished bars can be supplied to mechanical prop erties, Mechanical prorerties shall be de- termined in accordance with T 244,