PRODUCTION LINE BALANCING IN THE PHARMACEUT

INDUSTRY USING GOAL PROGRAMMING

1. DEFINICIÓN DE ARTICULO
AUTHORS

Juan Pablo Orejuela Cabrera

Andrés Flórez González

ABSTRACT
Introduction - In a manufacturing line it is very important that the cycle times of the different
stations are balanced and low, since this allows to reduce the inventories of product in process,
however, doing this leads to increasing the number of stations, which is not favorable since it raises
the fixed costs associated with the stations, in this sense it is necessary to define strategies that
allow achieving a balance between these requirements.
Objective - This article proposes the formulation of a model for line balancing, using the multi-
objective programming technique by goals, applied to the pharmaceutical industry in order to
minimize the number of stations, minimize cycle time and inventory in process.
Methodology - Goal programming is used to approach a line balance model, which considers at the
same time the assignment of multiple stations to one operation and the assignment of multiple
operations to one station.
Results - A significant reduction in cycle time and idle time is achieved at minimal costs, in
addition, a comparison between the deterministic and stochastic model is presented.
Conclusions - Through this implementation of the model in LINGO, the fulfillment of the proposed
restrictions, the precedence of the operations and the proper functioning of the model were
validated through the optimal solutions obtained. The simulation is a tool that allows to illustrate the
complexity of the operations of the production system, which require, as in our case, a modeling
more adjusted to reality to understand the behavior of the process and evaluate different strategies.

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY

One of the problems of production systems consists in defining a resource to the processes to
achieve a balance that minimizes costs, fulfilling this condition the assembly line, since it is a
productive system where operations are aligned in stations.

These assembly lines are usually used in the manufacture of standardized products or where they
work by inventory.
This research seeks to reduce the inventory, proposing an assembly line model using the multi-
objective programming technique for goals in the pharmaceutical industry, which aims to minimize
the cycle time in the most usual way, for example, it is allowed assigning several short process time
operations to the same station and assigning several stations to a long process time operation, which
would give us two forms of calculation.

In addition, a goal programming model is proposed, in which the goals are non-preferential and an
objective function is constructed that seeks to minimize the associated costs: cycle time, number of
stations and their grouping for one operation, establishing goals related to the total stations to be
used and the maximum number of stations that can be grouped per operation.

SUMMARY OF STATE OF THE ART

On the other hand, in the specialized literature numerous works are reported that address this type
of problems, which present a totally updated state of the art of the exact and heuristic procedures to
solve SALBP; In this work, the authors conclude that the available methods that solve instances of
medium-sized problems are effective to be used in practice, but that they require improvements to
be able to solve larger-scale problems.

SUMMARY OF APPLICATIONS

Obtaining the case study data was carried out in two stages: Analysis of operations, study of times
and movements; and definition of the parameters for the construction of the balancing model;
Within the development of this work, the stopwatch was used as an instrument to measure the
operation performed by the operator at each station; 2 cycles were established, each one made up of
10 samples taken at different instants of time. After having obtained the times of each operation, a
margin or tolerance was added to the data recorded in the case study, in which the following are
considered: interruptions, delays, needs of the operators and the decrease in the pace of work
produced by the fatigue inherent in all physical and mental work.

On the other hand, other parameters were taken into account, such as the Cost of using a station (L);
they assume that in the operation of a station k, a salary rate per unit of time is caused, which is
equal to the remuneration maximum of all tasks that are assigned to that station. The indirect cost of
manufacturing a batch (F) and the cost of using more than 17 stations (H) were also taken into
account

2. Descripción del proceso evaluado y la problemática del artículo

El problema se representa como un modelo de programación con metas no preferentes, es decir

todos los objetivos son de una importancia aproximadamente comparables, dado que se manejan
penalizaciones expresadas en costos y en tal sentido el modelo propone la optimización de los
costos asociados a la minimización del tiempo de ciclo, al número de estaciones y a la agrupación
de estas para una operación.
• Para el desarrollo y el análisis del caso se tuvo en cuenta los siguientes supuestos
principales.
• Cada estación estará operada por una persona.
• Cada operario trabaja 48 horas a la semana.
• No se tendrá en cuenta las horas extras.
• Todos los turnos tienen 8 horas.
• El máximo número considerado de estaciones permitido es de 17.
• El tiempo de desplazamiento del producto entre estaciones es despreciable.
• Se pueden agrupar idealmente hasta 4 estaciones por operación, si el modelo así lo
considera conveniente. Exceder esta meta es penalizada en la función objetivo y restringida
hasta el punto de tener máximo 5 estaciones en paralelo por operación.

3. ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO

Primer escenario:

Tercer escenario
 4. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y FUNDAMENTACIÓN DE DESARROLLO DE MEJORA

Para identificar la mejora y que tanto impacta en la economía de la empresa, debemos tener en
cuenta que el objetivo es disminuir costos y la empresa se adecue a la competencia.

Al analizar la primera estación, nos damos cuenta que solo se minimizó el tiempo de ciclo, siendo
este aún una prueba, por ende, no se incluyó la minimización de los costos relacionados a las
estaciones, la función objetivo se halló el número de estaciones utilizadas con el fin de obtener el
costo total. Por otro lado, al reducir el tiempo de ciclo se aumenta la productividad utilizando todas
las estaciones disponibles, generando la ocupación máxima de la línea; Este escenario es interesante
ya que se podría ver como la mejor configuración que se puede obtener, sin embargó se presentan
costos que no se contabilizan como el tiempo ocioso, el exceso de estaciones agrupadas para una
operación y el número máximo permitido de estaciones, es por ello que se agregó a la función
objetivo la minimización de costos

Tal como se puede observar entre la configuración inicial y la configuración final se presenta una
disminución importante del tiempo ciclo y del tiempo ocioso, sin embargo se incrementaron
en un 40 % el número de estaciones, esto se ve compensado con el aumento en la utilización
racional de los recursos, el número de unidades producidas y el tiempo de utilización de las
estaciones, logrando sacar un lote en un turno de 8 horas, mientras que antes se lograba
aproximadamente en 14. De otra parte, uno de los beneficios obtenidos con esta propuesta es lograr
despejar la línea más rápido, permitiendo que se pueda entrar a envasar y empacar otro producto,
con lo que se logra reducir el costo total en un 33.22 %, consiguiendo que la empresa sea más
eficiente en su proceso de manufactura.

IMPROVEMENT OF PLANT DISTRIBUTION, TO INCREASE

PRODUCTIVITY, IN THE
COMPANY TIMONES HIDRÁULICOS VELOZ DE LA CIUDAD DE
TRUJILLO

1. DEFINICIÓN DE ARTICULO

AUTHORS

Jorge Alberto Veloz Pereda

Manuel Humberto Vásquez Coronado
Manuel Alberto Arrascue Becerra

ABSTRACT
In this research, a plant study of the company TIMONES HIDRÁULICAS VELOZ was carried out,
which aims to redistribute the plant and thus increase productivity, to obtain information a talk was
had with the Manager, identifying the current problem, analyzing each of the processes.
Various tools were used, including Ishikawa DAP SLP and also the Guerchet method to evaluate
the appropriate areas. In conclusion, it was determined that with the application of the proposal,
productivity was increased from 0.15 0.15 services / hh to 0.16 services / hh, thus obtaining a
benefit / cost of 1.60, that is, for each sun invested, a benefit of 0.60 cents would be obtained. Sun.
INTRODUCTION SUMMARY

Companies are obliged to adopt a profile according to the changes and demands that they have with
the competition, taking into account that productive companies carry out activities of a very
demanding level, they are also obliged to achieve greater production, optimize their processes and
costs, which there is an alternative and that is the plant distribution.

This study has theoretical justification because the company does not have tools to control costs,
that is, without following technical guidelines. Therefore, it seeks to choose a theory, apply the
appropriate tools and contrast results to determine if it contributes to the improvement of the
company.
The general objective is to develop a proposal to improve plant distribution, to increase
productivity, at the company "TimonesHidráulicosVeloz" in the city of Trujillo.

SUMMARY OF STATE OF THE ART

This work has a quantitative approach, because as Hernández (2014) mentions “For its elaboration
traditional mathematical and statistical tools were used in the measurement of results”. In addition,
it is descriptive because it defines the characteristics of the company's processes, as well as the
problems that affect productivity. According to Hernández (2014), the present investigation
describes the characteristics of the processes carried out in the company Timones Hidráulicos Veloz
in the city of Trujillo.

SUMMARY OF APPLICATIONS

Through the study of the problems of the company “Rudders Hydraulic Veloz”, and with the
support of the existing theory in the consulted literature, the improvement in its plant distribution
was proposed, which would result in an increase in labor productivity of 0.01 services / man-
hours. It was determined that with the proposed plant distribution, the time used to provide each
service decreases, since before it was 216 minutes for the repair of the hydraulic rack and 96
minutes for the repair of the motor rudder, while with the proposal it was obtained 210 minutes
for hydraulic rack repair and 92 for motor rudder repair. The Pareto analysis, the Ishikawa
diagram, the Guerchet method and the SLP method of Richard Muther with their distribution tools
such as: relational table and relational diagram allowed determining that with the new plant
distribution the productivity of 0.15 services would be increased / hh at 0.16 services / hh, thus
obtaining a benefit / cost of 1.60, that is, for each sol that is invested in the proposal, a benefit of S
/. 0.60.

2. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROCESO EVALUADO Y LA PROBLEMÁTICA DEL

ARTÍCULO

el diseño de esta investigación es no experimental, esto se debe a que no se cuenta

con eventos nuevos, es decir, se observaron varias situaciones sin manipular
variables.
la población y muestra se definió a la empresa TIMONES HIDRÁULIVOS
VELOZ, los cuales incluye diversas áreas.
Como variables independientes se consideró a la mejora de la distribución de planta
radica en la disposición física de los factores y componentes industriales
involucrados en las actividades productivas de la organización, en la disposición de
los espacios disponibles, en determinar las figuras, diversas formas que requieran y
establecer la ubicación de los diversos departamentos. El propósito principal es
que esta disposición de componentes sea eficiente y se pueda realizar de tal
manera que contribuya exitosamente a la consecución de los objetivos trazados por
la empresa. Como variable dependiente se tomó en cuenta a la productividad, ya que
con el estudio y el planteamiento de mejora de la propuesta de investigación se trata
me cambiar favorablemente esta situación que afecta la economía de la empresa,
teniendo en cuenta también que hay una relación entre los productos obtenidos y los
recursos empleados para obtenerlos

3. ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO

DOP ACTUAL
 DOP MEJORADO

RECORRIDO
 4. IDENTIFICACIÓN Y FUNDAMENTACIÓN DE DESARROLLO DE MEJORA

Debemos tener en cuenta que al proponer una idea de distribución de planta la finalidad es
incrementar la productividad, es por ello que gracias al uso de las herramientas fundamentales en un
estudio de mercado se pudieron hallar las causas que impidan lograr objetivos de la empresa, como
por ejemplo los recorridos largos, la mala distribución de maquinaria y su ubicación inadecuada.

MEASUREMENT OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A COMPANY

MINING COMPANY IN ITS ENVIRONMENT AS A MANAGEMENT
TOOL
ABSTRACT
The methodology uses quantifiable parameters that indicate how the mining company affects the
economy of the region in three significant aspects: the employment, the money that
provides the company to the region and the interdependence of different
productive sectors of the region with the mining company. The methodology was applied to
Frontino Gold Mines (FGM) company located at the region
of Segovia and Remedios, Antioquia province in Colombia. It was found that the company
sustains economically 17.000 people of the region which is 29% of the population of
Segovia and Remedios. The FGM injects to the economy of the region near 22.000 million pesos
(for 2003 year $2.300 are USD$1), being 16% of the gross internal product and it is the main
economical motor for other productive sectors.

INTRODUCTION SUMMARY
few studies calculate how positive mining has generated economic resources, so that the
populations close to it they will leave behind in matters of public services, education and
health. Nor has it been taken into account of the economic injection that the mining
industry contributes month after month to the economy of the regions, contribution not only
in money, but in direct and indirect jobs and in the support that it is given indirectly to the
other economic sectors of the region. Based on the research work carried out in 2004 by
the National University of Colombia headquarters Medellín, this article is presented that
aims to publicize a methodology that measures the economic impact of a mining company
in its region of influence.
Here is explained how it was conceived and how the methodology can be applied in other
regions where mining, or other economic activity, is part of the economy. This article will
present the case study of the company Frontino Gold Mines Ltda. (FGM) in the region of
Segovia and Remedios in Antioquia. It is hoped that with this contribution they will have
better tools for better environmental and territorial management.

Conclusión:
Según nuestro estudio de mercado de la empresa PepsiCo el artículo que es más favorable
es el segundo debido a que por temas de pandemia, la empresa PEPSICO no cuenta con
accesibilidad a su planta, es por ello que nos enfocamos en un proceso descriptivo usando
al igual diferentes herramientas como DOP DAP E ISHIKAWA, además nos ayudó a poder
comprender mejor la productividad , el cual nos permitirá las causas principales de la baja
productividad, obteniendo datos como la ubicación de las estaciones de trabajo, tiempos y
distancias.
Nos enfocaremos en definir una buena ubicación de la planta que también nos ayudara a que los
empleadores cuenten con un área de trabajo cómodo y aumente su productividad