UNIT-II

Acoustical defects: Reverberation (application &

limitations), Echoes, Sound foci, Dead spots, Outdoor
and indoor noises (definition and eg’s)

LECTURE-07

ID 4202: Interior Services II

Prepared by Department of Design

Rohit Kumar
Acoustical defects
Acoustical defects: Reverberation (application & limitations)
 Acoustical Defects: Echoes

Echo

Impulsive Response Cause Solution

Flutter
Echo

Solution
Acoustical Defects in an Auditorium

Long Delayed reflection is similar to echo except the time delay

between the perception of direct and reflected sounds is somewhat
less.
Sound Shadow is noticeable under balcony which protrudes too far
into the space in an auditorium. The balconies exceeding twice the
height should be avoided.
This would enable direct and reflected sounds to reach remote seat
locations under the balcony.

Sound Concentrations are caused by sound reflection from concave

surfaces referred to as hot spots. 1. Echo
The presence of hot spots creates a non-uniform distribution of sound 2. Long-Delayed reflection
energy in the room.. 3. Sound Shadow
Concave surfaces should be laid out in such a manner that they focus 4. Sound Concentration
in space outside the audience area.

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 Acoustical Defects: Sound foci

Sound
Focusing

Impulsive Response Solution

Cause

Acoustical
Creep

Cause Solution
Impulsive Response
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Source: Architectural Acoustics Illustrated by Michael Ermann
 Acoustical Defects: Dead spots

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Source: Architectural Acoustics Illustrated by Michael Ermann
Indicative list of materials used
Acoustical Defects: Outdoor and indoor noises (definition and eg’s)

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Source: Architectural Acoustics Illustrated by Michael Ermann
ENVIRONMENTAL (Outdoor) NOISE

Main sources
Industry
Road traffic
Air traffic.

Types of Environmental Noises:

1. Predictable noises over which designers
may have control:
2. Predictable noises that designers should
account for but may have little control
over:
3. Occasional noises over which designers
likely have little control or recourse and
which likely needn’t be accounted for in
design
ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

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ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE

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Thank You