Lesson 1

Useful and
Harmful
Properties in
Materials
 Go around on your house. In the chart below,
list down five products that you can find in
your house. Write down each product’s
property (e.g. shiny, waterproof, hard,
absorbent, strong, transparent, flexible,
Activity magnetic, brittleness or conductor of heat),
usefulness, and harmfulness in the proper column
in the table below.

Usefulness or
Products Property Harmfulness

1. Ex. Glass Transparent and Useful

brittleness

2.

3.

4.

5.
What kind of materials they are made of?
 Three main groups Examples of Metals and
their Products
of useful materials
a. Stainless Steel (iron +
1. Metals either carbon + chromium
or nickel)
•are one of the strongest
materials in the universe.
Architectural
✓Metals can be in their weak or Platform
pure forms or strong forms.
Weak forms are made of pure
metals. Strong forms are made
from the combination of pure
metals or other materials.
Utensils
✓Some examples of Pure Metals
are iron, copper, magnesium,
silicon, zinc, lead, tin, chromium,
nickel, manganese and
aluminum. Strong metals
include stainless steel, Carbon
Steel, Brass Alloy, Bronze Alloy.
Surgical instruments
b. Carbon Steel (iron + silicon +
copper + manganese)

Musical instrument

d. Bronze Alloy ( copper + tin,

Structural Steel lead or zinc)

Wires

Automobile Bodies
c. Brass Alloy (copper + zinc)

Electric wires Doorknob

2. Ceramics
•are non metallic materials
that include clay and glass.
✓Clay is a fine grain soil that
combines one or more clay
minerals with traces of metal
oxides and organic matter.
✓Glass like ceramics is derived
from quartz (silica). When
quartz are melted under
extreme heat and then
cooled, it will form a crystalline
material known as glass.
Quartz (silica)
Heat Pressure
Glass Quartz
3. Polymers
•Are very big molecules made of
smaller molecules linked together
into long and repeating chains.
✓Plastics and rubber are made of
polymers, and so are paints.
Do you know that some
foods that you eat are
made of natural
polymers?
A. Natural Polymers
❑You may think that polymers are so
common that they grow on trees...
Well, you're right. When we say that
polymers are everywhere, we mean
it. In fact polymers have been in
nature from the beginning. All living
things - plants, animals, and people -
are made of polymers
❑Polymers in Plant
❑Plants are made of a polymer
called cellulose.
❑Cellulose is also what makes fibers
like cotton and hemp that we can
twist into threads and weave into
clothing. And many plants also
make starch. Potatoes, corn, rice,
and grains all have a lot of starch.
Starch is also a polymer.
❑Cellulose and starches are both
made from sugars - so they're called
polysaccharides (meaning "many
sugars").
 B. Plastics
❑Are made from chemicals known
as phenols, hydrocarbon and
formaldehydes.
Products
❑Plastics have the ability to sample
combine with other materials a.Suitcases Materials Characteristics
❑When a plastic combines with b.Handle of
Plastic and Light,
either paper or fiber, they can form cooking pans
paper/cloth decorative/
a new product referred to as composite
heat resistant
Composite

Rubber
•is made of resin(sap) obtained
from rubber trees.
•Rubber is elastic; thus, it can be
Product
stretched.
samples
a.Tennis Materials Characteristics •It is used as a primary
racket component of tires for cars and
b.artificial
Plastic and Light but strong sometimes use in packaging as
carbon fiber
limbs well.
•Can be an insulator of heat
Used to preserve the cold
ACTIVITY
temperature of water in your
water jug
Metal Plastic Rubber

Ceramics Glass