Department of CE

Stabilization of Soil by Adding Fly Ash

Presented by: Coarse Teacher:

Dr. Sarah Tahsin Noor
Md. Kawsar Ali (19115007) Associate Professor,
Md. Ahsanul Haque Talukdar (18215010) Department of Civil Engineering
University of Asia Pacific

3rd September, 2020 Page 1

 Department of CE
Contents
➢Introduction
➢Objective
➢Effect of fly ash
➢Classification of fly ash
➢Properties of fly ash
➢Result and discussion
➢Conclusion and recommendation
➢References
Page 2
 Department of CE
Introduction
➢Soil stabilization means that to make the soil to be stable by
changing of soil properties. [1 & 2]
➢There are many soil stabilization techniques such as, [3]
i. Mechanical ii. Chemical iii. Geo-synthetic
➢Chemical stabilization using fly ash is an effective method due to its
ease of adaptability. [3 & 4]
➢Fly ash is a wastage materials which is generate from burning of coal
and thermal power plan. [5, 6 & 7]
➢Soil stabilization with fly ash can reduce environmental pollution,
cost effective and eco-friendly. [6, 8 & 9]
Page 3
 Objective Department of CE

➢To study the geotechnical properties of fly ash.

➢To investigate
[4] the effects of fly ash on Soil Stabilization.

➢To find out the optimum percentage of fly ash in addition for
strength of stabilized soil.

Page 4
 Effect of fly ash Department of CE

➢Mitigation of air, surface and ground water pollution.

➢Strength and stiffness improvement.
➢Save the landfill.
➢Reduces the use of energy and greenhouse gases.
➢Improves the stability of the soil.
➢Increases shear strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and bearing
capacity.
➢Decreases the plasticity index, moisture content, swelling and shrinkage limit.
References: Turan et al. (2019) & Simatupang et al. (2020)
Page 5
 Classification of fly ash Department of CE

➢Fly Ash consist of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3), Iron
Oxide (Fe2O3) and Calcium Oxide (CaO).
➢As per ASTM C618 there are two type of fly ash,
i. Type I (Class C) ii. Type II ( Class F)
Class C: Chemical reaction: Class C
➢Pozzolanic and cementitious properties. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
➢High calcium fly ash. Ca(OH)2 → Ca2+ + 2(OH)-
Ca2+ + 2(OH)- + SiO2 → CSH
Class F: Ca2+ + 2(OH)- + Al2O3 → CAH
➢Pozzolanic properties.
Page 6
 Properties of fly ash Department of CE

Table 1: Chemical composition of fly ash (Class C)

Nath et al. Ozdemir Samidurai 64

Authors
(2017) (2016) et al. (2018) 56 Nath et al. (2017)
Weight Weight Weight Ozdemir (2016)
48
Compositions Samidurai et al. (2018)

Weight (%)
(%) (%) (%) 40
Silica (SiO2) 50.20 48.20 63.60 32
Alumina (Al2O3) 22.50 22.30 28.20 24

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 5.17 5.30 2.99 16

8
Lime (CaO) 20.30 15.80 1.57
0
Sulphates (SO3) 0.39 0.21 0.26 Silica Alumina Iron oxide Lime Sulphates Magnesia

Magnesia (MgO) 0.51 1.20 0.54 Fig 1: Chemical composition of fly ash
Page 7
 Properties of fly ash Department of CE

Table 2: Physical properties of fly ash (Class C)

Authors Karthick et al. Geliga and Ismail

(2018) (2010)
Properties
Moisture content(%) 18 - 38 15.4
Specific gravity 1.90 - 2.55 2.17
Maximum dry density (kg/m3) 0.9 - 1.6 1.51

Page 8
 Result and Discussion Department of CE

Compressive strength Vs % of fly ash Moisture content Vs % of fly ash

1.40 12
Karthick et al. (2018) Karthick et al. (2018)
Unconfined compressive strength

1.20 Andavan and Hassaan (2018) Andavan and Hassaan (2018)

10

Moisture content (%)

Nath et al. (2017) Ozdemir (2016)
1.00
8
0.80
(Kg/cm2)

6
0.60
4
0.40

0.20 2

0.00 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
% of fly ash % of fly ash

Fig 2: Unconfined compressive strength Fig 3: Moisture content

Page 9
 Result and Discussion Department of CE

Density Vs % of fly ash Specific gravity Vs % of fly ash

32 3
Karthick et al. (2018)
Maximum dry density (kN/m3)

28 Andavan and Hassaan (2018) 2.5

Specific gravity
24 Nath et al. (2017)
Trivedi et al. (2013) 2
20

16 1.5

12
1
8 Karthick et al. (2018)
0.5
4 Andavan and Hassaan (2018)
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
% of fly ash % of fly ash

Fig 4: Maximum dry density Fig 5: Specific gravity

Page 10
 Result and Discussion Department of CE

CBR Vs % of fly ash Liquid limit Vs % of fly ash

50 60
California bearing ratio (%)

Samidurai et al. (2018)

Trivedi et al. (2013)
50 Andavan and Hassaan (2018)
40
Ozdemir (2016) Ozdemir (2016)

Liquid limit (%)

40
30
30
20
20

10
10

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40
% of fly ash % of fly ash

Fig 6: California bearing ratio (CBR) Fig 7: Liquid limit (LL)

Page 11
 Result and Discussion Department of CE

Shear strength Vs % of fly ash

2

Shear strength (N/cm2)

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

0
0 5 10 15 20
% of fly ash

Fig 8: Shear strength, Karthick et al. (2018)

Page 12
 Conclusion and Recommendation Department of CE
Optimum uses of fly ash for
Author name Experimental test
soil stabilizing
15-20% may be replace for
Trivedi et al. (2013) [1] Atterberg limit, Moisture content, CBR, Density
soft fine-grained red soils
Samidurai et al. (2018) Atterberg limit, Moisture content, Specific gravity, 15% replacement possible in
[2] Density, Compressive strength red soil
Andavan and Hassaan Atterberg limit, Moisture content, Specific gravity, In expansive soil may 20%
(2018) [7] Density, Compressive strength, replacement possible

Atterberg limit, Moisture content, Specific gravity, Improvement of bearing

Ozdemir (2016) [5] Density, Chemical composition, Compressive capacity of soft soil is possible
strength, CBR by adding 7% or more

Karthick et al. (2018) Atterberg limit, Moisture content, Specific gravity, 10% replacement may
[6] Density, Compressive strength, Cohesion possible in black cotton soil

Page 13
 Conclusion and Recommendation Department of CE

Based on the study of soil stabilization it could be proposed that -

➢ Stabilization of Soil increased in a certain portion of fly ash
usage.
➢ Reduce the CO2 emission in air by using fly ash in soil.
➢ Mitigation of water pollution using of fly ash in Soil.

So that this study reveals that significant amount of fly ash can be
used in a soil due to low cost materials and eco-friendly.

Page 14
 Department of CE
References
[1] Trivedi, J.S; Nair, S.; Iyyunni, C. Optimum Utilization of Fly Ash for Stabilization of Sub-Grade Soil using Genetic
Algorithm. Procedia Engineering, Page 250-258, 2013
[2] Andavan, S.; Hassaan, M.M. Study on fly ash soil stabilization. International Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics. Volume 119, Page 2185-2192, 2018
[3] Turan, C.; Javadi, A.; Vinai, R.; Cuisinier, O.; Russo, G.; Consoli, N.C. Mechanical properties of
calcareous fly ash stabilized soil. Eurocolaash 2019, Page 184-194
[4] Samidurai, V.; Mohanavel.; Kumar, M.R.; Mukesh, C.S.P.; Kiran, K.V.; Effect of Fly ash on Low Bearing Capacity
Soils. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT, Volume 6, Issue 02), 2018
[5] Ozdemir, M.A. Improvement in Bearing Capacity of a Soft Soil by Addition of Fly Ash. Procedia Engineering, Volume
143, Page 498-505, 2016
[6] Karthick, J.; Rajesh, S.; Kumar, M.S.; Thinakaranraj, M.; Vijayaram M.; Ramkumar, T. A study on soil stabilization
using fly ash. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2018
[7] Nath, B.D.; Molla, M.K.A.; Sarkar, G. Study on Strength Behavior of Organic Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash. Hindawi
International Scholarly Research Notices, Volume 2017
[8] Simatupang, M.; Mangalla, L.K.; Edwin, R.S.; Putra, A.A.; Azikin, M.T.; Aswad, N.H.; Mustika, W. The Mechanical
Properties of Fly-Ash-Stabilized Sands. Geosciences 2020,Volume 10, Page 132
[9] Geliga, E.A.; Ismail, D.S.A. Geotechnical Properties of Fly Ash and its Application on Soft Soil Stabilization.
UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 1, April 2010
[10] ASTM, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete. ASTM C618-
15, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa, USA, 2015 Page 15
Department of CE

Page 16