Department of CE

Stabilization of Soil by Geotextile

Presented by: Coarse Teacher:

Dr. Sarah Tahsin Noor
Md. Sabbir Ahmed (19115007) Associate Professor,
Airin Afrose (19115012) Department of Civil Engineering
University of Asia Pacific

17th September, 2020 Page 1

 Department of CE
Contents

 Introduction
 Types Of Geotextiles
 Functions Of Geotextiles
 Erosion Control Applications
 California Bearing Ratio Test
 Compaction test
 Conclusion
 References
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 Department of CE
Introduction

• Geotextiles have been utilized in the reinforced soil walls since the
early 1970’s.
• They are used to wrap compacted soil in layers producing a stable
composite structure.

• Geotextile-reinforced soil walls somewhat resemble the popular

sandbag walls which have been used for some decades.

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 Geotextiles Department of CE

• They are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with

soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.
• They are made from polypropylene or polyester
• geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms:
1. woven (resembling mail bag sacking)
2. needle punched (resembling felt),
3. heat bonded (resembling ironed felt).

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 Geotextiles Department of CE

• Geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as

geogrid’s and meshes have been developed.
• This are able to withstand many things, are durable, and are able to
soften a fall if someone falls down.

Fig.1 Geotextiles (Source: Google images)

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Types Of Geotextiles
 Geotextiles are made up of polymers such as polyester or
polypropylene.
 They are divided into 3 categories on the basis of the way they are
prepared;

 Woven fabrics

 Non-woven fabrics

 Knitted fabrics

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 Woven Fabric Geotextile Department of CE

• Commonly found geotextiles are of the woven type and are

manufactured by adopting the techniques which are similar to weaving
usual clothing textiles.
• This type has the characteristic appearance of two sets of parallel
threads or yarns.
• The yarn running along the length is called warp and the one
perpendicular is called weft.

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Woven Fabric Geotextile Department of CE

Fig 2: Woven Geotextile (Source:

Google images)

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 Department of CE
Non-Woven Geotextile

• Non-woven geotextiles are manufactured from either continuous

filament yarn or short staple fiber.
• The bonding of fibers is done using thermal, chemical or mechanical
techniques or a combination of techniques.

Fig 3: Non-Woven Geotextile

(Source: Google images)
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 Knitted Geotextile Department of CE

• They are manufactured by the process of interlocking a series of

loops of yarn together.
• They are formed by using the knitting technique in conjunction with
some other method of geosynthetic’s manufacture, such as weaving.

Fig 4: Knitted Geotextile

(Source: Google images) Page 10
 Functions Of Geotextiles Department of CE

1. Filtration
2. Drainage
3. Séparation
4. Renforcement
5. Sealing

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 Condition of a pavement with Department of CE
and without geotextile

Fig:5 Condition of a pavement with and without geotextile

(Souce: http//:constructor.org) Page 12
 Filtration Department of CE

• It allows liquid flow with limited soil loss across the plane of
geotextile over a service lifetime.

Fig 6: Geotextile function-filtration

(Source: Google images)
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 Drainage/Transmissivity Department of CE

• It allows liquid flow with limited soil loss across the plane of
geotextile over a service lifetime.

Fig 7: Geotextile function-Drainage

(Source: Google images)
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 Separation Department of CE

• The introduction of a flexible porous textile placed between

dissimilar materials so that the integrity and functioning of both
the materials can remain intact or be improved.

Fig 8: Geotextile function-Separation

(Source: Google images)
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Reinforcement
• Acts as a reinforcing element in a soil mass or in combination with the
soil to produce a composite that has improved strength and
deformation properties.

Fig 9: Geotextile function-Reinforcement

(Source: Google images)
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Sealing

• The classic application of a geotextile as a liquid barrier is paved

road rehabilitation.
• It minimizes vertical flow of water into the pavement structure.

Fig 10: Geotextile function-Sealing

(Source: Google images)
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Table:1 to determine which type and weight of geotextile is best for each function.

Type of Geotextile Fabric Weight

Function
Recommended Recommended
Non Woven (Light or Medium 3.1 to 8 oz. Fabrics
Drainage Weight
Non Woven (Heavy Weight Nonwoven 8 oz. to 16 oz. Fabrics
Separation Woven) Any Woven

Non Woven (Heavy Weight Nonwoven 8 oz. to 16 oz. Fabrics

Reinforcement Woven) Any Woven
Non Woven (Light Weight Woven) Nonwoven 3.1 oz. to 6 oz.
Cushion Any Woven
Non Woven Any Nonwoven
Filter Any Woven

Source: http//:constructor.org
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Erosion Control Applications

• Separation between different materials in order to maintain the

function and integrity.
• Reinforcement over soft soils and steep slopes
• Filtration to allow adequate liquid flow without soil loss
• Drainage via canals, dams, reservoirs and retaining walls
• Containment as a liquid or gas barrier

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 Department of CE
California Bearing Ratio Test

• The CBR is a semi empirical test that is often employed in the

estimation of the bearing capacity of sub grade soils for design of
pavement.
• It measures the resistance a soil mass offers to the penetration of a
plunger under specified density and moisture conditions.
• The more difficult it is to penetrate the soil, the higher the CBR
rating.
• It can be clearly seen that due to the placement of non- woven
geotextile, the CBR values increases irrespective of the placement
depth.
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California Bearing Ratio Test
Table 2: Summary of the CBR values (Unsoaked condition)

With Non-Woven CBR Value

Without Non-Woven
Geotextile (%)
Geotextile CBR Value
Soil Sample
(%)

2.5 mm 5.0 mm 2.5 mm 5.0 mm

Sample-A 3.6 4.0 4.0 14.3 14.9 15.0

Sample-B 6.0 6.6 7.0 20.5 17.4 21.0

Source : American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2018

www.ajer.org
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 Department of CE
California Bearing Ratio Test

Fig 11: CBR values for reinforced and unreinforced soil

sample
Source : American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2018
www.ajer.org
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 Compaction test Department of CE

• This test was performed to establish the relationship between the Optimum
Moisture Content (O.M.C) and Maximum Dry Density (M.D.D) of the soils
for a specified compactive effort.

• From this test we can calculate maximum amount of water needed to

enhance the strength or load-carrying capacity of the soil.

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Compaction test

Fig 12: Dry density – Moisture content relationship of the

soil samples
Source : American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 2018
www.ajer.org
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CONCLUSION
The study investigated the application of non-woven geotextile to subgrade
material as a form of reinforcement to road construction. The two soil samples
were evaluated for suitability of subgrade in terms of their geotechnical
properties. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test, when the two soil samples were
reinforced with non-woven geotextile, there was an increase in their CBR values
in unsoaked condition (15% and 21%) than when compared with their CBR
values (4% and 7%) without reinforcement which indicate that the soil samples
reinforced with non-woven geotextile are suitable for subgrade as set by the
Federal Ministry of Works General Specification (1997) criteria for subgrade
soils.
Geotextile reinforced soils present better performance than traditional soil under
dynamic loadings. It should, therefore be used to enhance the performance of a
subgrade material in a pavement system.

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 References Department of CE

• D.A. Ogundare , A.O. Familusi , A.B. Osunkunle And J.O. Olusami (2018), “Utilization Of
Geotextile For Soil Stabilization ”, American Journal of Engineering Research Department of Civil
Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Ede. Volume-7, Issue-8, pp-224- 231.

• S.K. Ghosh, R. Bhattacharyya, M.M. Mondal (2014) “A Review On Jute Geotextile – Part 1”
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. Department of Jute and Fiber
Technology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
• Morgan, Roy P.C.; Rickson, R.J. (2011). “Slope Stabilization and Erosion Control: A Bioengineering
Approach”. London.

• WGBH Boston (December 1996). "Interview with Stacey Loizeaux". NOVA Online. Public
Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 29-04-2009.

• Richards, Davi (2006). "Coir is sustainable alternative to peat moss in the garden". Garden Hints.
Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Extension Service. Retrieved 06-03-2013.
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