Respiratory System

Ayaz Iqbal
B. Sc in Physiotherapy
Physiotherapist- Teaching Hospital Batticaloa
 Respiratory System
The function of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into the
lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the lungs to the outside air

The respiratory system includes

• Airways
• Lungs
• Respiratory muscles
 MECHANISMS OF BREATHING
Breathing is divided into two phases:
Inhalation (Inspiration)
Exhalation (Expiration)

Inhalation Exhalation

Inspiratory muscle contraction (diaphragm, external inter-costals)

• Relaxing the inspiratory
muscles to move air out of the
body
Increases the thoracic cavity volume

• During heavy or forced

Decreases the pressure within the thoracic cavity
breathing, activity of
expiratory muscles compress
the thoracic cavity and force
Air is drawn into the lungs
air out
Respiratory Muscles
The respiratory passages are divided into two categories
conducting airways
respiratory airways
RESPIRATORY AIRWAYS
 Conducting airways Respiratory airways
• Consist of all the structures that air travels • The respiratory airways collect the channeled
through before entering the respiratory air coming from the conducting airways
airways

• Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are

• Allow the incoming air to be purified, transported in and out of the bloodstream
humidified (or moisture added), and warmed through a process known as diffusion
or cooled to match body temperature
 Cardiorespiratory System

• The cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to transport oxygen

to the tissues of the body

• Resting oxygen consumption (VO2) is approximately 3.5 mL of oxygen per

kilogram of body weight per minute (3.5 mL · kg−1 · min−1)

• Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) may be the best measure of

cardiorespiratory fitness

• VO2max is the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization during maximal
exercise

• VO2max values can range anywhere from 40 to 80 mL · kg−1 · min−1

VO2 max Tests
• Cooper Test
• Multi stage fitness Test
• Rockport walking fitness Test
 Assessments of Cardiorespiratory fitness
VO2 max

Rock port walking test

To walk one mile as quickly as possible

walking time and post heart rate were
recorded

VO2 max = 132.853 – 0.1692 (Body weight in kg) – 0.3877 (age in years) + 6.315 (gender) – 3.2649
(walking time in minutes) – 0.1565 (Heart rate at the end of walk)
[Gender: 0 for female; 1 for male]