Name:

Module: Nervous
Test topic/animation: Animations/All animations
Test type: Multiple choice
Score: 54/55
Percent correct: 98%
Date: 8/24/22
Time: 19:12:25
The following were answered incorrectly:

Animation: Hearing
Question: Which is not a bone of the middle ear?
Answer selected: Malleus
Correct answer: Hyoid
Explanation: The bones of the middle ear are malleus, incus, and stapes.

The following were answered correctly:

Animation: Action potential generation

Question: Reestablishment of the resting membrane potential occurs through...
Answer: Active transport of sodium and potassium ions
Explanation: Resting membrane potential is reestablished through active transport of sodium and
potassium ions.

Animation: Action potential generation

Question: Depolarization is initiated by a stimulus that makes the membrane potential...
Answer: More positive
Explanation: Depolarization is initiated by a stimulus that makes the membrane potential more
positive.

Animation: Action potential generation

Question: Depolarization of a cell membrane occurs because...
Answer: More sodium ions diffuse into the cell than potassium ions diffuse out of it
Explanation: Depolarization of a cell membrane occurs because more sodium ions enter the cell
than potassium ions leave the cell.

Animation: Action potential generation

Question: At resting membrane potential, voltage-gated potassium ion channels are open.
Answer: False
Explanation: Voltage-gated potassium ion channels are closed in resting membrane action
potentials.
Animation: Action potential generation
Question: Activation gates in the cell membrane for voltage-gated sodium ion channels open into
the...
Answer: Extracellular fluid
Explanation: Activation gates for the voltage-gated sodium ion channels open into the extracellular
fluid.

Animation: Action potential propagation

Question: The absolute refractory period assures that action potential propagation is...
Answer: Only in one direction
Explanation: The absolute refractory period assures that the action potential spreads in only one
direction

Animation: Action potential propagation

Question: The cell membrane immediately adjacent to an action potential depolarizes because
of...
Answer: Local currents
Explanation: Local currents cause depolarization of the cell membrane immediately adjacent to an
action potential

Animation: Action potential propagation

Question: What is produced when depolarization of a cell membrane reaches threshold?
Answer: A new action potential is produced
Explanation: A new action potential is produced when depolarization of a cell membrane reaches
threshold.

Animation: Action potential propagation

Question: The inside of the cell membrane becomes negative at the time of an action potential.
Answer: False
Explanation: The inside of a cell membrane becomes positive at the time of an action potential.

Animation: Action potential propagation

Question: A recently depolarized area of a cell membrane cannot generate an action potential
because of the
Answer: Absolute refractory period
Explanation: The absolute refractory period prevents the generation of an action potential by a
recently depolarized area of the cell membrane

Animation: Typical spinal nerve

Question: A spinal nerve is formed by the union of ...
Answer: A dorsal and ventral root
Explanation: A spinal nerve is formed by the union of the ventral and dorsal root from the same
level of the spinal cord.

Animation: Typical spinal nerve

Question: The ventral horn of the spinal cord contains cells bodies of...
Answer: Motor neurons
Explanation: The ventral horn of the spinal cord contains the nerve cells bodies for motor neurons.

Animation: Typical spinal nerve

Question: A dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of...
Answer: Sensory neurons
Explanation: The dorsal root ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion and contains the nerve cell bodies
of sensory neurons.

Animation: Typical spinal nerve

Question: How many pair of spinal nerves are there?
Answer: 31
Explanation: There are 31 pair of spinal nerves.

Animation: Typical spinal nerve

Question: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves innnervate...
Answer: Skin and muscles of the back
Explanation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves innervate the skin of the back and deep back muscles.

Animation: Reflex arc

Question: Sensory receptors are found...
Answer: Throughout the body
Explanation: Sensory receptors are found throughout the body.

Animation: Reflex arc

Question: Simple spinal reflexes occur independent of the brain.
Answer: True
Explanation: Simple spinal reflexes occur independent of the brain.

Animation: Reflex arc

Question: Interneurons are located in the...
Answer: Spinal cord
Explanation: Interneurons are located in the spinal cord.

Animation: Reflex arc

Question: A simple spinal reflex typically involves how many neurons?
Answer: 3
Explanation: A typical spinal reflex involves an afferent axon, interneuron, and efferent axon, for a
total of 3.

Animation: Reflex arc

Question: Sensory stimuli enter the spinal cord via...
Answer: Afferent axons
Explanation: Afferent axons conduct sensory stimuli to the spinal cord.

Animation: Divisions of the brain

Question: The medulla oblongata is continuous caudally with the...
Answer: Spinal cord
Explanation: The medulla oblongata is continuous with the spinal cord caudally.

Animation: Divisions of the brain

Question: Respiration is regulated in the...
Answer: Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata.

Animation: Divisions of the brain

Question: Emotional responses are regulated in the...
Answer: Hypothalamus
Explanation: Emotional responses are regulaed in the hypothalamus.

Animation: Divisions of the brain

Question: The primary function of the cerebellum is...
Answer: Coordination of motor activity
Explanation: The primary function of the cerebellum is to coordinate motor activities.

Animation: Divisions of the brain

Question: Gyri are characteristic of the...
Answer: Cerebrum
Explanation: Gyri are characteristic of the various lobes of the cerebrum.

Animation: Brain ventricles fly-through (3D)

Question: The third and fourth ventricles of the brain are connected by the...
Answer: Cerebral aqueduct
Explanation: The cerebral aqueduct connects the third and fourth ventricles.

Animation: Brain ventricles fly-through (3D)

Question: Each lateral ventricle opens into the third ventricle via the...
Answer: Interventricular foramina
Explanation: An intervertebral foramen connects each lateral ventricle with the third ventricle.
Animation: Brain ventricles fly-through (3D)
Question: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by the...
Answer: Choroid plexus
Explanation: Each ventricle contains choroid plexus which secretes cerebrospinal fluid.

Animation: Brain ventricles fly-through (3D)

Question: Which is NOT a subdivision of the brainstem?
Answer: Cerebellum
Explanation: The three major subdivisions of the brainstem are the pons, midbrain, and medulla
oblongata.

Animation: Brain ventricles fly-through (3D)

Question: What is the name for the connective tissue coverings of the brain?
Answer: Meninges
Explanation: The dura, arachnoid, and pia mater are collectively known as the meninges.

Animation: Meninges
Question: Separation of the periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater forms...
Answer: Dural venous sinuses
Explanation: Dural venous sinuses are formed at points where the periosteal and meningeal layers
of dura mater separate.

Animation: Meninges
Question: Which meningeal layers follows the surface contours of the brain and spinal cord?
Answer: Pia mater
Explanation: The pia mater follows closely the surface contours of the brain and spinal cord.

Animation: Meninges
Question: The periosteal layer of dura mater is adherant to the...
Answer: Inner surface of the skull
Explanation: The periosteal layer of dura mater is adherant to the inner surface of the skull.

Animation: Meninges
Question: The subarachnoid space contains...
Answer: Cerebrospinal fluid
Explanation: The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Animation: Meninges
Question: The subarachnoid space lies between the...
Answer: Arachnoid mater and pia mater
Explanation: The subarachnoid space lies between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Animation: CSF flow
Question: Cerebrospinal fluid enters the central canal of the spinal cord from the...
Answer: Fourth ventricle
Explanation: Cerebrospianl fluid enters the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth
ventricle.

Animation: CSF flow

Question: Cerebrospinal fluid is recycled into the...
Answer: Superior sagittal sinus
Explanation: Cerebrospinal fluid is recycled into the superior sagittal sinus.

Animation: CSF flow

Question: Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the...
Answer: Brain ventricles
Explanation: Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the brain ventricles.

Animation: CSF flow

Question: The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed by epithelial cells of blood vessels in the
choroid plexus and...
Answer: Ependymal cells
Explanation: The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier is formed by the epithelial cells lining blood
vessels of the choiroid plexus and the ependymal cells.

Animation: CSF flow

Question: Cerebrospinal fluid enters the third ventricle of the brain by way of the...
Answer: Interventricular foramina
Explanation: Cerebrospianl fluid enters the third ventricle via an intervertebral foramen from each
lateral ventricle.

Animation: Dural sinus blood flow

Question: The inferior sagittal sinus...
Answer: Lies within the falx cerebri
Explanation: The inferior sagittal sinus lies in the inferior margin of the falx cerebri.

Animation: Dural sinus blood flow

Question: Which does not empty into the confluence of sinuses?
Answer: Sigmoid sinus
Explanation: The occipital, straight, and superior sagittal sinuses empty directly into the confluence
of sinuses.

Animation: Dural sinus blood flow

Question: The sigmoid sinuses exit the skull to become the...
Answer: Internal jugular veins
Explanation: Each sigmoid sinus exits the skull to become an internal jugular vein.

Animation: Dural sinus blood flow

Question: The dural venous sinuses lack valves.
Answer: True
Explanation: There are no valves in the dural venous sinuses.

Animation: Dural sinus blood flow

Question: The transverse sinus is most closely associated with which bone?
Answer: Occipital
Explanation: The transverse sinus lies along the inner surface of the occipital bone.

Animation: Vision
Question: The cornea...
Answer: Refracts light through the pupil
Explanation: The cornea refracts light through the pupil.

Animation: Vision
Question: Light scattering in the eye is prevented by the...
Answer: Retinal pigment epithelium
Explanation: The retinal pigment epithelium prevents light scattering in the eye.

Animation: Vision
Question: High spacial resolution in vision is a function of...
Answer: Cone cells
Explanation: Cone cells are responsible for high spacial resolution.

Animation: Vision
Question: In the neural retina, action potentials are generated by...
Answer: Retinal ganglion cells
Explanation: The only cells of the neural retina to generate action potentials are the retinal
ganglion cells.

Animation: Vision
Question: The optic nerves are composed of...
Answer: Axons of retinal ganglion cells
Explanation: The optic nerves are composed of axons of retinal ganglion cells.

Animation: Hearing
Question: The function of the round window is to...
Answer: Dampen vibrations in the perilymph
Explanation: The round window functions to dampen vibrations passing through the perilymph.

Animation: Hearing
Question: Hair cells detect...
Answer: Displacement of the basilar membrane
Explanation: Hair cells detect displacement of the basilar membrane.

Animation: Hearing
Question: The scala vestibuli contains...
Answer: Perilymph
Explanation: The scala vestibuli contains perilymph.

Animation: Hearing
Question: High-pitched sounds with short wavelengths displace the basilar membrane far from the
oval window.
Answer: False
Explanation: Short wavelenth sounds displace the basilar membrane closest to the oval window.