ASSESSMENT IN CNS AND SENSES PHYSIOLOGY An increase in refractive power is produced by contraction of the The precentral gyrus and

corticospinal tract are a. Iris b. Ciliary body c. Suspensory ligaments d. Extraocular muscles e. Pupil essential for a. Vision b. Olfaction c. Auditory identification d. Kinesthesia e. Voluntary movement The primary function of the bones of the middle ear is to a. Amplify the sound stimulus A patient who presents with an intention tremor, b. Filter high-frequency sounds from the sound stimuluspast-pointing, c. Enable the direction of a sound stimulus to be detected and a drunken gait might be expected to have d. Enhance the ability to distinguish different sound frequencies a lesion involving the e. Protect the ear from damage a. Cerebellum b. Medulla During a voluntary movement, the Golgi tendon organ the strip c. provides Cortical motor central nervous system with information about a. The length of the muscle being moved b. The velocity of the movement c. The blood flow to the muscle being moved d. The tension developed by the muscle being moved The otolith organs (utricle and saccule) are responsible for b. Detecting the position of the head in space Free nerve endings contain receptors that encode the c. sensation Producingof rotary nystagmus a. Fine touch b. Vibration c. Pressure d. Temperature e. Muscle length Which one of the reactions in the retinal rods is caused directly by the absorption of light energy? An aphasia is most likely to be associated with a lesion of a. Dissociation of scotopsin and metarhodopsin a. The hippocampus b. The temporal lobe c. The parietal lobe d. The limbic system e. The reticular activating system b. Decomposition of scotopsin c. Transformation of 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal d. Transformation of metarhodopsin to lumirhodopsin e. Transformation of vitamin A to retinene d. Detecting angular acceleration e. Producing the stretch reflex d. Basal ganglia e. Eighth cranial nerve

e. The change in joint angle produced by the movementa. Producing the vestibular-ocular reflex

Depolarization of the hair cells in the cochlea is caused primarily by Which of the following statements about the the flow of a. K+ into the hair cell b. Na+ into the hair cell c. Cl out of the hair cell cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is true? a. It is absorbed by the choroid plexus b. Its absorption is independent of CSF pressure c. It circulates in the epidural space d. It has a lower glucose concentration than plasma e. It has a higher protein concentration than plasma When a person slowly rotates toward the right,

d. Ca2+ into the hair cell e. Mg2+ into the hair cell Which of the following receptors is responsible for measuring the intensity of a steady pressure on the skin surface? a. Pacinian corpuscle b. Ruffini ending c. Merkels disk d. Meissners corpuscle e. Krause ending The middle cerebellar peduncle contains afferent fibers conveyed in which of the following tracts? a. Dorsal spinocerebellar b. Ventral spinocerebellar c. Tectocerebellar d. Pontocerebellar e. Vestibulocerebella When light strikes the eye there is an increase in a. The activity of the transducin Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for controlling the normal circadian rhythm?

a. Paraventricular nucleus b. The amount of transmitter released from the photoreceptors b. Ventromedial nucleus c. The concentration of all-trans retinal within the photoreceptors c. Arcuate nucleus d. The concentration of calcium within the photoreceptors e. The activity of guanylyl cyclise Spasticity can be caused by sectioning a. The corticospinal fibers b. The vestibulospinal fibers c. The Ia afferent fibers d. The corticoreticular fibers e. The reticulospinal fibers Presynaptic inhibition in the central nervous system affects the firing rate of alpha motoneurons by a. Increasing the chloride permeability of the presynaptic nerve ending b. Decreasing the potassium permeability of the alpha motoneuron Activation of transducin by light activates an enzyme which a. Hydrolyzes cGMP b. Increases the dark current c. Activates adenylyl cyclase d. Releases calcium from intracellular stores e. Depolarizes the membrane c. Decreasing the frequency of action potentials by the presynaptic nerve ending d. Increasing (hyperpolarizing) the membrane potential of the alpha motoneuron e. Increasing the amount of the neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic nerve ending If nystagmus is a prominent symptom of a cerebellar lesion, the lesion is within Which one of the following visual lesions will produce extensive loss of peripheral vision in the left visual fields of both eyes? d. Lateral nucleus e. Suprachiasmatic nucleus

a. The dentate nucleus b. The flocculonodular lobe c. The lateral cerebellum d. The cerebrocerebellar cortex e. The superior cerebellar peduncle The alpha rhythm appearing on an electroencephalogram has which of the following characteristics? a. It produces 20 to 30 waves per second b. It disappears when a patients eyes open c. It is replaced by slower, larger waves during REM sleep d. It represents activity that is most pronounced in the frontal region of the brain e. It is associated with deep sleep If the threshold for hearing increases 1000 times, the hearing loss i s a. 20 decibels b. 30 decibels c. 40 decibels d. 50 decibels e. 60 decibels If a patient is unable to hear high-frequency sounds, the damage to the basilar membrane is closest to the a. Oval window b. Helicotrema c. Stria vascularis d. Modiolus e. Spiral ganglion An abnormal Babinski reflex indicates damage to the a. Spinal cord b. Brainstem c. Cerebellum d. Basal ganglia e. Pyramids

Damage to which area of the cerebral cortex is likely to cause the The portion of the vestibular system that is most greatest degree of loss of intellectual capacities in a right-handed important for preventing a person from suddenly person? falling if he or she makes a sudden turn while a. The frontal lobes moving forward is the: b. The left posterior superior temporal gyrus a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Cochlea d. Otoconia

c. The right somesthetic sensory and sensory associtation areas d. The left somesthetic sensory and sensory associtation areas e. The right posterior temporal and angular gyrus regions

Which of the following types of stimuli may excite a nociceptor? a. Mechanical stimuli b. Chemical stimuli c. Thermal stimuli d. Tissue damage e. All of the above

What part of the lower regions of the brain probably plays the most significant role in directing ones attention to one particular type of brain activity? a. The thalamus b. The hypothalamus c. The mesencephalon d. The pons e. The septal region of the limbic system

The transmission of pain, thermal, tickle, itch, and sexual sensations is provided by a. Pyramidal tract b. Anterolateral pathway c. Spinocerebellar pathway d. Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway

Almost all of the cerebral cortex has direct two-way communication with which one of the following subcortical structures? a. Cerebellum b. Thalamus c. Hypothalamus d. Bulboreticular facilitatory area e. Putamen

In what part of the CNS do signals probably originate to provide most of the support of the body against gravity?

a. Brain stem b. Basal ganglia c. Motor cortex d. Cerebellum e. Spinal cord

Where are the centers located for causing such gross stereotype body movements of the head, raising and flexing movements of the head and body, and turning movements of the body? a. Motor cortex c. Amygdala b. Cerebellum d. Mesencephalon

The fovea is especially adapted for high acuity vision because: Neuromuscular condition involving destruction of a. The fovea has a very large surface the anterior horn motor neurons and fibers of the b. The fovea contains high density rods pyramidal tracts c. The fovea is covered by numerous blood vessels a. Poliomyelitis d. The ratio of cones to optic nerve fibers in the fovea is close to 1 b. Lou Gehrig disease e. Cones here have a larger diameter than those in the peripheral retina c. Myotropic lateral sclerosis d. Amyotropic medial sclerosis The sensory receptor responsible for the perception of sound is the: a. Golgi apparatus b. Organ of Corti c. Organ of Ruffini d. Corpus geniculatum e. Krauses corpuscles Blockage of the cerebral artery is the most common cause of a. Thrombosis b. Stroke c. Embolism

d. Atelectaxis The type of taste that provides protection against ingesting poisonous plant products is the: a. Sour taste b. Salty taste c. Sweet taste d. Bitter taste White matter runs in all these directions except a. Ascending b. Descending c. Oblique d. Transverse

Going from bright light sunlight into a dark room will result in : Corpus striatum is composed of all these except a. Improved color vision a. Caudate nucleus b. Depletion of the stores of rhodopsin b. Lentiform nucleus c. Twofold increase in retinal sensitivity c. Basal nuclei d. Fibers of internal capsule

Which sulcus divides the hemisphere into lobes?

d. Net accumulation of rhodopsin in the rods e. Hundredfold increase in retinal sensitivity

Which part of the brain is dominant for visual and spatial skills and gifted artistic skills and emotions a. Right hemisphere b. Brainstem c. Thalamus d. Left hemisphere

Which of these structures is the area of origin of CN V, VI and VII? a. Pons b. Epithalamus c. Medulla oblongata d. Brain stem

Which sleep waves are common in children but abnormal in adults? a. Alpha waves b. Beta waves c. Delta waves d. Teta waves

A sleep disorder where an individuals lapses abruptly into sleep from an awake state. a. Sleep apnea b. Narcolopsy c. Nystagmus d. Insomnia