SECTION A

62. About cerebral palsy

A. Caused by trauma at birth

B. Is genetically recessive

C. Could be progressive

D. Related to shortened life

E. Related to motor dysfunction

50. SSRIs

a. Selectively inhibit synthesis and transport of 5-HT

b. Selectively inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT by carrier protein

c. Have largely replaced TCAs

d. Selectively antagonize 5-HT on post synaptic neuron

e. May cause sexual dysfunction as a side effect

9. Sound,

A. Objective sensation of hearing something

B. Mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium

C. Is a transverse mechanical wave

D. Can only propagate through a medium that possesses both elasticity and inertia

E. Is an auditory effect of a source

47. According to the diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorder by;

b. Hallucination

c. Insomnia and hypersomnia

d. diminished ability to think or concentrate

e. diminished interest or pleasure

31. HMP shunt also known as Pentose phosphate pathway has the following characteristics in relation
to energy produced in the eye
A. An alternative pathway for glucose oxidation

B. Functions to produce energy

C. Functions to produce NADPH

D. It's divided into two parts

15A. Squinting(strabismus) may result from

a. poor vision in one eye in childhood

b. refractive error in childhood

c. central suppression of vision in one eye in childhood

d. Damage to cerebellum

e. Damage to the internal capsule

1. The principle of optics

A. Light travels much slower in transparent solids and liquids

B. The ratio of the velocity of light in air to the velocity of light in a medium is the refractive index of air

C. The refraction of light is dependent on the degree of angulation between the refracting surface and
the wavefront

24.The cartilagious portion of the eustachian tube is

A.12mm

B.16cm

C.24mm

D. 30cm

E.36mm

25. The optic canal transmits

a. Optic Nerve

b. Ophthalmic artery

c. Ophthalmic vein

d. Infraorbital nerve
e. Supraorbital nerve

65 A. The following may be true of blunt head injury

A. Associated with skull fructures

B. May be due to minor injury

C. Scalp hematoma is a key factor

D. There may be skull lacerations.

E. Confusion state is a key factor.

72A. Pain receptors are

A. Similar in structure to pacifism corpuscle

B. Stimulated by increased concentration of k+

C. Quick to adapt to constant stimulation

D. More easily stimulated in injured tissue

E. Stimulated in the wall of the gut by agents which damage tissue

75.Long term consequences of transectional spinal cord at the lower cervical region include

A.

B.

C.

D.

E. Inability to erect the penis and ejaculate sperm

12A. In the visual field of the left eye, an object

A. In the upper temporal quadrant is detected in the lower nasal quadrant of the retina.

B. At the center of the field of Vision is located in the optic disc

C. Focused on the blind spot in the nasal half of the visual field

D. In thr temporal half, generates impulses which travel the left optic tract

E. In the nasal half is more likely to be perceived in binocular vision than one in the temporal half
4.Wave motion:

A. Transfers energy between two points usually accompanied by permanent particle displacement.

B. Electromagnetic waves consist of periodic oscillations of electric and magnetic fields generated by
charged particles.

C. The speed of sound in a given medium is affected by density, motion and viscosity of the medium.

D. Doppler effect is the change in velocity of sound due to motion of the source.

E. The lower limit of sound frequency perceptible by the human ear is 20 kHz.

5.The tensor tympani muscle

A. Is attached to the stapes at the handle.

B. Is innervated by a branch of the facial nerve.

C. It lies superior to the epitympanic recess

D.it reflects the cone of light at the umbo

E.It pulls the tympanic membrane medially

26. Parts of the eyelid include

A. Conjunctiva

B. Tarsal plate

C. Levator apparatus

D. Orbicularis oculi

E. Skin

69.In the the spinal cord

A. pain impulse traffic may be modulated in the posterior horn

B. Autonomic motor neurones arise in the lateral horn

C. Gamma aminobutyric acid may arise as an excitatory neurotransmitter

D. Reflex centers are normally inhibited by descending impulses from supra-spinal centers

E. Post-synaptic excitation may be mediated by amino acid derivatives acting as neuro-transmitters

70.Impulses serving pain in the left foot are relayed

A. Across synapses in the left posterior root ganglion

B. By fibres in the spinothalamic tract

C.By the same spinal cord tract which serves heat and cold sensation

D. To the thalamus on the right side

E. To the cerebral cortex before entering consciousness

71.In the cerebral cortex

A. Neuronal connections are innate and immutable.

B. Language and non-language skills are represented in different hemispheres.

C. The areas concerned with emotional behavior are concerned in the frontal lobe

D. The cortical area devoted to sensation in the hand is larger than that for the trunk

D. Stimulation of the motor cortex causes contractions of individuals muscles on the opposite side of the
body

72.Pain receptors are

A. Similar in structure to Pacinian corpuscle

B . Stimulated by a rise in the K+ concentration

C. Quick to adapt to a constant stimulus

D. More easily stimulated in injured tissue

E. Stimulated in the wall of the gut by agents which damage the tissues

73. Posterior column damage in the spinal cord may impaire

A. Vibration sense

B. Pain sense

C. The flexor plantor response to stimulation of the sole

D. Touch sensation

E. The ability to stand steadily with eye the closed

74. Aphasia

A. Is an impairment of language skills without motor paralysis, loss of hearing or vision.

B. Implies impairment of consciousness

C. Is called motor aphasia if the patient understands what the speech sounds and symbols but lacks the
higher motor skills needed to express them

D. Is called sensory aphasia if the patient does not understand the meaning of the words he hears, sees
and uses

E. Usually results from right -sided cortical damage

75.Long term consequences of transection of the spinal cord in the lower cervical region include

A. Loss of thermoregulatory sweat production in the legs

B. Severe flexor spasms when the skin of the legs is stimulated

C. Paralysis of bladder muscle

D. Inability to regulate sympathetic tone in leg blood vessels in response to baroreceptor stimulated

E. Inability to erect the penis and ejaculate semen

8.The nuclei of the limbic system include;

A. Hippocampus

B. Amygdaloid nuclei

C. Mammillary gland

D. Caudate nuclei

E. Anterior thalamic nuclei

7A. Light rays through a convex lens

A. Light rays through the center of the lens are perpendicular to the lens surface

B. Are the edges of the lens, the light rays strike a more angulated surface

C. The outer rays bend more away from the center

D. Half of the refraction occurs when the light enter the lens

E. An object placed closer to the lens is focused to a distance closer to the lens

3. Sound as a wave:

A. The most important physical property that distinguishes one electromagnetic wave from the other is
frequency.
B. The distance from the crest to trough multiplied by a factor of two is the wavelength.

C. The human ear constantly responses to varying sound frequencies

D. The maximum sound frequency perceptible by the ear is termed infrasonic

E. The mechanism of hearing, is in principle resonance.

29. The utricles detect

a. Linear acceleration

b. Horizontal acceleration

c. Vertical acceleration

d. Angular acceleration

e. None of the above

58.When testing the sensation at a side of the body

A. You test temperature sensation using ice cubes.

B. Fine touch is tested using cotton bud

C. During inspection you look out for Muscle wasting and spasms

D. Muscle strength is measured using grades of 0-5

[10/20/2019, 9:59 PM] Nana Adwoa: 31a.lipid in rod and cones contains

A.Monosaturated fatty acid

B.Long chain fatty acids

C.polyunsaturated fatty acid

D.....

11.Which of the following muscle is contracted as part of the pupillary reflex

A. Ciliary muscle

B. Pupillary dilator

C. Pupillary sphincter muscle

D. Radial fibers of the Irish

E. Superior oblique muscle

12. During embryogenesis of the foetal nervous system, the following are true about anencephaly:

A)Absence of brain tissue

B)Absence of overlying skull

C)Failure of the closure of the neural tube

D)Lack of cerebrospinal fluid

E)Hydrocephalus

53.Zolpoplem, zaleplon, zopiclone

a. Are benzodiazepines

b. Bind to GABA agents

c. Used in treatment of insomnia

d. Anticonvulsant effects

SECTION B
47. In the brain where is the SCN found

A. The pons

B. Thalamus

C. Hypothalamus

D. RAS

E. Midbrain

52. Chomsy's theory is also called.................theory;

A. Behaviourist

B. Social learning

C. Interactionist

D. Innate

E. Environmental

5. Hearing sensation in a matured individual could be lost through all the following except
A. Exposure to infrasonic sound

B. Reaction to drugs

C. Presbycusis

D. Inheritance

E. Head trauma

6. A man standing 20m away from a diaphragm hears sound from the diaphragm within 0.04s. What is
the frequency of the sound.

A. 20Hz

B. 25Hz

C. 250hz.

D. 2.5kHz

E. 200Hz.

11. When comparing fovea with the periphery of the retina, which of the ff is correct?

A. Fovea has increased proportion of cones

B. Fovea has increased proportion of ganglion cells

C. Fovea has increased proportion of horizontal cells

D. Fovea has increased proportion of vasculature

12. Light entering the eye, passes through which retinal layer first

A. Inner nuclear layer

B. Outer nuclear layer

C. Outer plexiform layer

D. Photoreceptor layer

E.Retinal ganglion layer

9. The brightness of light corresponds to

A. Amplitude

B. Frequency
C. Wavelength

D. Intensity

E. Speed

10. White light resulting from the primary colours

A. Have equal intensity

B. Differ in wavelength

C. Travel in same direction

D. Are polarized in same plane

15.Which of the following statements best describes the role of melanin in the pigment layer of the
retina

A. Precursor of the light sensitive rhodopsin in the retina

B. Serves as a nutritional component of the rods and cones in the retina

C. Prevents the reflection of right in the orbit

D. Maintains the integrity of the canal of schlemm

E. Reflection of light from the melanin or the retina important for accommodation.

16.Deficiency of which of the following vitamins prevents the adequate synthesis of rhodopsin leading
to night blindness

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin E

E. Vitamin K

17.Which of the following is responsible for the secretion of melatonin?

A. Hypothalamus

B. Pineal Gland

C. Hypophysis
75.The part of the cerebral cortex responsible for judgenent and predictive abilities is

A. Broca

B. Brodmann

C. Prefrontal cortex

D. Wernicke

E.

Which of the following is associated with Petrous bone injury?

A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

B. Intracerebral hemorrhage

C. Raccoon sign

D. Basilar sign

E. Battle sign

3. The component of sound that allows us to differentiate.... from various sources of sound

A. Pitch

B. Volume

C. Timbre

D. Loudness

E. Octave

4. Which of the ff.is not a property of sound as a wave

A. Amplitude.

B. Wavelength

C. Frequency

D. Polarization

E. Reflection

7. Colour of light is determined by which of the following properties

A. Amplitude

B.Impulse

C. Pressure

D. Speed

E. wavelength

17.Otoliths are located in the

A. Basilar membrane

B. Utricles

C. Cochlea

D. Semicircular canals

18.Which of the following depressants is used in smoke cessation?

A. Roboxetine

B. Amphetamine

C. Buproprion

D. Duloxetine

19. Which of the following statements regarding colour vision is correct?

A. Green is perceived when only green cones are stimulated

B. The stimulation ratio of the three types of cones allows specific colour perception

C. The wavelength of light corresponding to White is shorter than that corresponding to blue

D. When there is no stimulation of red, green, or blue cones, there will be the sensation of seeing

E. Yellow is perceived when green and blue cones are stimulated equally

20. Which of the following muscle is contracted in pupillary reflex

A. Ciliary muscle

B. Pupillary dilator muscle

C. Pupillary sphincter muscle

D. Radial

E. Superior oblique

Nana Adwoa: 32.when visible light hits the chromophore......changes to a higher orbital

A.si

B.pi

C....

D....

33.Inner segment of rods and cones contain

A. Nucleus and mitochondria

B. Peroxisomes and lysosomes

C. Endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria

D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and....