Masonry Design Guide: Structural, Fire and Acoustics South Australia Book 1

Boral MASONRY
Build something great™
Masonry Design Guide

STRUCTURAL, Fire and acoustics south australia BOOK 1
www.boral.com.au/masonry Updated September 2007

Introduction
Contents Introduction
Fast Find Guide
1 A2 1 A3
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 A South Australia Book 1 A
The quickest way to find a Boral Masonry Structural, Fire or Acoustic Wall Solution.
A
PAGE
PAGE
Introduction Simply follow the FAST FIND GUIDE on the right hand side of the table.
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2 Products @ a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4
Fast Find Product and Application Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A3 About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A6 BORAL
MASONRY
l
Structural Design
ry
BLOCK &
al
H
rd
W
on
IS
oa
g
ed
N
BRICK
as
in
in
rb
FI
er
M
in
te
Fast Find
LL
Li
Introduction to the Structural Design of Masonry . . . . . . . . B2 Energy Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B7
nd
PRODUCTS
ta
ce
as
A
o
Re
Re
Fa
Pl
W
N
Robustness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B2 Reinforced Masonry Lintels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B11
Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B5 Design of Core Filled and Steel Reinforced

Masonry Retaining Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B12
NLB = Non-loadbearing
LB = Loadbearing
NLB LB NLB LB NLB LB NLB LB NLB LB a Boral
Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B5
Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6
Structural Design Guidelines for
Core Filled and Steel Reinforced Scoria Blocks & Bricks – – E4 – E4 – E4 – – –
Solution
Masonry Retaining Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B14
Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 1 Select your application
criteria from the top of
Movement (Control Joints) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B6 the table
Natural Block – – E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 – –
C Fire Design 2 Go straight to the

section letter and page
Masonry Design for Fire Resistance (FRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C2 Effect of Chases on Fire Rated Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4 Core Filled Block E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 E7 number indicated at the
E7
Masonry Design for Structural Adequacy FRL . . . . . . . . . . . C2 How to Select Boral Masonry Units for intersection of product
Fire Rated Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C5 rows and application
Masonry Design for Integrity FRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C3
Structural Adequacy Selection Graphs and Tables . . . . . . . . C8 columns (e.g. Section E,
Masonry Design for Insulation FRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C4 Designer Block | | – – – – – – – – Page E7 in this example)
Index to Structural Adequacy Selection Graphs . . . . . . . . . . C8
Best performance is achieved
{ with plasterboard lining
D Acoustic Design FireLight Superceltex (FL) – – E10

{
– E10
{
– E10
{
– – –
| Please refer to MDG Book 2, Boral
Masonry Block & Brick Guide
Acoustic Performance Ratings (STC and Rw) . . . . . . . . . . . . D2 Guidelines for Optimum Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D4
Designing Masonry Walls for Acoustic Performance On-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D5

Acoustic Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D3
Home Cinema Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D6
For technical support and sales office details please refer to the outside back cover
E Fire and Acoustic Systems

Finding Acoustic Systems and Connex 150/200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E8
Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E2
FireLight Superceltex (FL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E11
Scoria Blocks and Bricks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E4
Natural Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E7
The information presented herein is supplied in good faith and to the best of our knowledge was accurate at the time of preparation. No responsibility can be accepted by
Boral or its staff for any errors or omissions. Users are advised to make their own determination as to the suitability of this information in relation to their particular purpose
and specific circumstances. Since the information contained in this document may be applied under conditions beyond our control, no responsibility can be accepted by us
for any loss or damage caused by any person acting or refraining from action as a result of this information.
A2 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 A3
Introduction
Products @ a Glance Introduction
Products @ a Glance
1 A4 1 A5
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 A South Australia Book 1 A
Boral Engineered Blocks Boral Engineered Bricks

for Structural, Fire and Acoustic Wall Systems for Structural, Fire and Acoustic Wall Systems
• Standard Natural Block • Scoria Blocks and Bricks • Core Fill Block • FireLight Brick (FL)
Hollow Concrete Block suitable for loadbearing Manufactured in a unique Scoria Blend material Natural Concrete Block or Designer Block coloured FireLight Brick for non-loadbearing fire and/
and non-loadbearing applications. offering High Fire Performance, ideal for and textured finishes for reinforced retaining walls and or acoustic systems where weight saving is
high rise buildings with reinforced concrete loadbearing walls requiring increased robustness. important. Super Celtex format (162mm height)
frames or portal frame buildings. Suitable for for faster, more cost effective construction.
• Super Celtex Brick
non-loadbearing walls. If used for light load
Standard Size (162mm height) in Concrete material for • Connex
construction, the lower slenderness ratios of
loadbearing walls. Dry-stack masonry system for reinforced
Designer Block apply.
150mm and 200mm thick walls.
A4 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 A5
About This Guide
Introduction
1 A6
PAGE
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 A Boral MASONRY
Boral Masonry This guide has been prepared as a comprehensive Boral

Commercial Construction Solutions Product Reference Guide. It does not attempt to cover all
the requirements of the Codes and Standards which apply
Boral Masonry South Australia offers a comprehensive range
to masonry construction for structural, fire or acoustic
of proven products and systems including Masonry Blocks,
applications. All structural, fire and acoustic detailing should

Masonry Bricks, Fire Wall Systems, Segmental Block Retaining
be checked and approved by appropriately qualified engineers
Walls and Segmental Paving Products.
before construction. Boral reserves the right to change the
What’s in this Guide contents of this guide without notice.
The Boral Masonry Structural, Fire and Acoustic guide (this Please note that this guide is based on products available at
book), provides a summary of important design information for the time of publication from the Boral Masonry South Australia
structural, fire and acoustic applications and an extensive range sales region. Different products and specifications may apply structural, fire and acoustics south australia BOOK 1
of fire systems to cater for many design scenarios. to Boral products sourced from other regions.
B structural DESIGN
Section B — Structural Design Additional Assistance and Information
Section B discusses design issues relevant to the selection • Contact Details: Please refer to the outside back cover of
1
this publication for Boral Masonry contact details.
of Boral Masonry products for structural adequacy, based on
appropriate wall design criteria. • Colour and Texture Variation: The supply of raw
materials can vary over time. In addition, variation can
Section C — Fire Design occur between product types and production batches. Also
Section C discusses the relevant design processes for the please recognise the printed colours in this brochure are
selection of Boral Masonry Products for fire rated applications.
only a guide. Please, always ask to see a sample of your
colour/texture choice before specifying or ordering.
This section includes a step-by-step selection guide and a series
of selection graphs which can greatly speed up the preliminary • Terms and Conditions of Sale: For a full set of Terms
selection and comparison of suitable designs and products. and Conditions of Sale please contact your nearest Boral
Masonry sales office.
Section D — Acoustic Design
Section D provides a brief overview of acoustic rating methods,
relevant considerations for acoustic design and guidelines for
good acoustic design and detailing methods.
Section E — Fire and Acoustic Systems

Section E of this guide provides an extensive range of fire and
acoustic wall system solutions supported by test results and
acoustic performance estimates.
B
A6 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE
Structural Design Structural Design
1 B2 1 B3
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 B South Australia Book 1 B
Introduction to the Structural Legend to Symbols used in Robustness Calculations: Formulae and Explanation Worked Examples
H = the clear height of a member between horizontal
Design of Masonry lateral supports, in metres; Isolated Piers Aim: To determine the Maximum Wall
The following design information is based on Australian Formula 4.6.2 (1) is used for isolated piers. Masonry with Height of an Isolated Pier
= for a member without top horizontal support, the
Standard AS3700:2001 Masonry structures’. Reference to a length less than one fifth of its height and ‘free’ ends, is Example 1: Minimum wall thickness tr = 230mm
overall height from the bottom lateral support, in
‘Clauses’ and ‘Formulae’ are those used in AS3700. This considered to be an ‘isolated pier’. A single leaf structure, unreinforced, then
metres
information is provided as a guide only to the processes Formula (1) is: Cv = 13.5
H
involved in designing masonry. All masonry should be designed tr = the minimum thickness of the member, in metres ≤ Cv
tr H ≤ 0.23 x 13.5
by a suitably qualified structural engineer. = in cavity-wall construction, the minimum thickness H ≤ 3.105m (maximum wall height)
of the thicker leaf By re-working formula (1), the maximum height for an
Robustness or two thirds the sum or thicknesses of the two leaves,
isolated pier can be determined: Example 2: Minimum wall thickness, tr = 140mm
whichever is greater, in metres H ≤ tr x Cv A single leaf structure, reinforced, then
AS3700, Clause 4.6.1 requires walls to have an adequate
Cv = 30
degree of ‘Robustness’. Robustness is a minimum design or in diaphragm wall construction, the overall thickness Where Cv is obtained from AS3700 Table 4.2 (Refer to
requirement, and may be overridden by Fire, Wind, Snow, of the wall, in metres Page B5).
H ≤ 0.14 x 30
Earthquake, Live and Dead Load requirements. H ≤ 4.200m (maximum wall height)
kt = a thickness coefficient, values as given in AS3700
In robustness calculations, there are height, length, and panel Table 7.2 (see the end of this section)
action formulae. By reworking the standard formulae provided
and inserting known data, it is possible to determine whether Cv,Ch = robustness coefficient, values as given in AS3700
a chosen design and Boral masonry product will provide Table 4.2 (see end of this section) for edge restraints
at top, bottom and vertical sides (either separately Formulae and Explanation Worked Examples
adequate robustness. Should the initial product/design chosen
not provide a suitable solution, then a thicker Boral masonry or in combination)
product more suited to the application should be evaluated, or Lr = the clear length of the wall between vertical lateral
Wall with Free Ends Aim: To determine the Maximum Height
alternatively, add extra restraints or reinforcement. supports, in metres; or
Formula 4.6.2 (2) is used for walls spanning vertically (i.e. of a Wall with Free Ends
The following section is laid out with AS3700 formulae and = for a wall without a vertical support at one end or at wall with free ends). Criteria: Minimum wall thickness, tr = 110mm
explanation in the left hand column, while worked examples a control joint or for walls containing openings, the kt = 1 (wall without piers)
can be found in the adjacent right hand column. Formula (2) is: H
length to that unsupported end or control joint or ≤ Cv
k t x tr Example 1: If wall is freestanding, then Cv=6
edge of opening, in metres.
(must be checked by an engineer for
By re-working formula (2), the maximum wall height is: wind loads etc.)
H ≤ 1.0 x 0.11 x 6
H ≤ kt x t r x C v. H ≤ 0.660m
Where kt is obtained from AS3700 Table 7.2 (Refer to Page B5) Example 2: If wall is laterally restrained along its top,
or then Cv=27
H ≤ 1.0 x 0.11 x 27
By re-working formula (2), the minimum wall thickness is: H ≤ 2.970m
H Example 3: If wall is laterally restrained along its top
kt x t r ≥
Cv and supports a slab, then Cv=36
H ≤ 1.0 x 0.11 x 36
H ≤ 3.960m
B2 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 B3
1 B4 1 B5
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Formulae and Explanation Worked Examples Table B1 (Extract from AS3700 : Table 4.2)
Strength
Cv
Wall with Restraint at End or Ends Aim: To determine the Maximum Length Top and bottom edge Compressive strength is resistance to load, measured by the
restraints to wall panels Vertically Vertically reinforced
of a Wall with Restraint at End or unreinforced or prestressed amount of pressure to crush a masonry unit. The pressure, usually
Formula 4.6.2 (3) is for walls spanning horizontally [i.e.
Ends 12 with measured in megapascals (MPa), is the force in kilonewtons (kN)
restrained end(s)]. Walls that have one or both ends Free
reinforcement x 1000, divided by the loaded area in square mm.
laterally restrained and Criteria: Wall thickness tr = 110mm 6 continuous into
L SUPPORT support. Otherwise Unconfined compressive strength is compressive strength,
≤ Ch Example 1: If wall is restrained along one end, then 6.
tr multiplied by an aspect ratio, Ka (see AS4456.4, Table 1). The
Ch = 12 Load other than
concrete slab or no load unit height divided by its thickness is used to determine the
i.e. L ≤ tr x Ch L ≤ 0.11 x 12
Lateral 27 36 aspect ratio.
Where Ch is obtained from AS3700 Table 4.2. (Refer to
L ≤ 1.320m Support
A solid brick will give a lower compressive strength if crushed

Page B5) Example 2: If wall is restrained along both ends, then SUPPORT
on its end rather than on its flat, as normally laid. In theory,
Ch = 36 Concrete Slab
H Lateral
the aspect ratio will convert both tests to the same unconfined
= no limit L ≤ 0.11 x 36 Support 36 48
tr compressive strength.
L ≤ 3.960m
SUPPORT
NOTE: If the wall exceeds the permitted length, then a The strength of hollow blocks is calculated by dividing the
NOTE: This means that although the wall height is not ISOLATED PIERS
thicker wall is required or formula 4.6.2 (4) governs and force by the face shells only. A 90mm hollow and 90mm solid
limited by its thickness, the wall length is limited. Stair
H will be limited. (See below). Lateral block are both 10MPa, but since the area of the face shells on
wells and chimneys work to this formula. Support 13.5 30 the hollow block is about half the area of the solid block, the
SUPPORT hollow will only carry half the load of the solid.
Characteristic Unconfined Compressive Strength of

Ch
Edge restraints on
Horizontally masonry UNITS is ƒ ’ uc.
vertical sides of
Formulae and Explanation Worked Examples wall panels
Horizontally
unreinforced
reinforced or ƒ’uc is the average of crushing forces divided by loaded areas,
prestressed
24 with multiplied by the aspect ratio, minus the standard deviation
SUPPORT
reinforcement x 1.65.
Wall with Restraint at Top and End or Ends Aim: To determine the Maximum Height of 12 continuous past
Formula 4.6.2 (4) is for walls spanning vertically and a Wall with Restraint at Top and End support. Characteristic Compressive Strength of a masonry
Otherwise 16
horizontally (i.e. with restraint along the top and one or or Ends WALL is ƒ ’ m.
two ends) and length L tr x Ch. Criteria: Wall thickness tr = 110mm ƒ’ m is the square root of ƒ’ uc, multiplied by Km (a mortar
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Wall length = 2m 36 48 strength factor), multiplied by Kh (a factor for the amount of
Where Ch is obtained from AS3700 Table 4.2. (Refer to
mortar joints) as per AS3700, 3.3.2.
Page B5) Example 1: If wall supports a slab, then Cv = 36, and
H Ch if restrained along one end, then Ch = 12 The Km factor is 1.4 for M3 mortar on solid and cored units
Formula (4) is: Cv +
tr Lr — Chtr Table B2 (Extract from AS3700 : Table 7.2) and is 1.6 for the face shells of hollow units. For the richer M4
12
H≤ ( 36 + 2 — 12 x 0.11 ) 0.11 Thickness Coefficient (kt) for Walls Stiffened by Monolithically
Engaged Piers
mortar it is 1.5 (Table 3.1).
Pier Spacing/Pier Width Thickness Coefficient (kt) The Kh factor is 1 for 76mm high units with 10mm mortar beds
By re-working formula (4), the maximum wall height is:
(Refer to Note 1) Pier Thickness Ratio (twp/t) and is 1.3 for 190mm units with 10mm mortar beds.
H ≤ 5.9m
H≤ ( Cv +
Ch
Lr — Chtr ) tr
6
1
1.0
2
1.4
3
2.0
In other words, a wall of 190mm high units is 30% stronger
8 1.0 1.3 1.7 than a wall of 76mm high units of the same ƒ’ uc.
10 1.0 1.2 1.4
NOTE: Control joints, and openings greater than one fifth 15 1.0 1.1 1.2
of wall height are treated as free ends unless specific 20 or more 1.0 1.0 1.0 Bending
measures are taken to provide adequate lateral support. NOTES: 1. Pier spacing is taken as the distance between centrelines of piers.
Characteristic Flexural Tensile Strength is ƒ ’mt.
2. Linear interpolation may be used.
Masonry is good in compression but poor in tension. Mortar
twp t
joint strength is generally zero or 0.2MPa for loads from wind,
Wall Leaf earthquake etc. Higher bending forces may require masonry
Pier Width to be partially reinforced.
Pier Spacing
1 B6 1 B7
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Shear Even if they are well away from the coast, they may be subjected
to acidic or alkaline soils. In any case, moisture in the ground
External control joints should be finished with a flexible
sealant.
Options for Increasing R values
The insulating properties of masonry walls may be increased
Characteristic Shear Strength is ƒ ’ms. is absorbed into the masonry, creating an environment ideal for
Control joints create a ‘free end’ in terms of ‘robustness’ and by the following means:
At damp course, it is zero unless tested. Elsewhere, mortar bacteria, which feeds lichens and algae which can eventually
FRLs for structural adequacy, so their positioning is critical to • The addition of polyester or glasswool insulation between
joints have ƒ ’ ms values of between 0.15 and 0.35MPa. be detrimental.
the overall design of the structure. studs for masonry veneer construction.
As with tension, high shear loads may require partially AS/NZS4456.10 gives methods of testing and definitions for
In portal frame construction, the control joint is positioned at • The addition of polystyrene sheets between wall ties for
reinforced masonry. durability (salt tests). An alternative to testing is a history of
a column so that both ends can be tied to the column flanges. cavity masonry construction.
survival in a marine environment. Concrete masonry has been
The mason and renderer must keep the control joint clean, • The addition of polyester or glasswool insulation behind
used for Surf Club construction around Australia for decades.
Durability otherwise, bridging mortar or render will induce cracks from plasterboard, between battens on inside face of masonry.
those points as the masonry moves. If ties are used over control (Battens eliminate the need for chasing for plumbing and
Masonry designed for ‘Durability’ is deemed to satisfy when it
meets the requirements of AS3700 Section 5, which details what
Movement joints, they must be sleeved to allow movement. electrical services).
areas require Exposure, General Purpose and Protected grades. In general, concrete units contract as they cure while clay Adding extra cement to mortar or render causes more shrinkage. • Incorporating reflective insulation within the cavity.
Assessment of these grades is defined in AS/NZS4456.10 units will expand. They both expand as they take up water Lightweight units are only 5MPa, so are susceptible to cracking • Incorporating foam insulation, pumice or vermiculite
Resistance to Salt Attack. and contract as they dry. They both expand as they get hot if laid in rich mortar or rendered with a cement-rich mix. within the cores of the units or in the cavity.
and contract as they cool.
AS3700 defines the usage of each of these grades as: Internal Control Joints • Using masonry units with a rough surface. (This traps a
Curing Movement in Concrete Units thicker air film at the surface).
Protected Grade (PRO) The Australian Masonry Manual specifies the spacing of
AS/NZS4456.12 gives methods for determining coefficients internal control joints for concrete units at 12m maximum. • Using masonry units made from less dense material.
Elements above the damp-proof course in non-marine exterior
of curing contraction and coefficients of drying contraction (Tiny air pockets within the material disrupt the flow of
environments. Elements above the damp-proof course in other
for concrete units. heat energy through the wall).
exterior environments, with a waterproof coating, properly
flashed junctions with other building elements and a top • Using thicker walls.
Drying Contraction
covering (roof or coping) protecting the masonry. The drying contraction test on masonry units is an indication
General Purpose Grade (GP) of their maximum amount of movement from totally saturated
Suitable for use in an external wall excluding severe marine to ambient dry. A typical result is 0.5mm/m but can be as high
environment. as 1mm/m for lightweight units that are more absorptive. For
example, a drying contraction of 0.5mm/m, in an 8m panel
Exposure Grade (EXP) of masonry, has the potential to shrink 4mm from saturated
Suitable for use in external walls exposed to severe marine condition to dry.
environments, i.e. up to 1km from a surf coast or up to 100m
from a non surf coast. The distances are specified from mean External Control Joints
high water mark. AS3700, Clause 4.8 requires control joint spacing to limit panel
movement to:-
Mortar mix requirements for durability are detailed in AS3700
Table 10.1. Mortar joints must be ironed. • 10mm maximum for opening of control joints,
Salt attack is the most common durability problem. The salt • 15mm maximum for closing of control joints, and
in salt water is in solution. It can be absorbed into masonry • 5mm minimum when closed.
or at least, its mortar joints. When the water evaporates, it
The Australian Masonry Manual recommends control joints
migrates towards the outside face taking the salt with it until
at 8m centres for concrete units, 6m centres for lightweight
the amount of water left is saturated. It can no longer hold all the
(<1600kg/m3) units and at potential points of cracking such
salt in solution and salt crystals begin to form.
as at openings and at steps in the masonry.
The salt crystals then take up space, sometimes more than the
The Concrete Masonry Association of Australia Design Manual
texture of the masonry will allow. The crystal then ‘pops’ a piece
permits 16m spacing for bond beams and for panels with
of the outer surface off to make room and salt attack begins.
horizontal and vertical reinforcement.
Walls below damp course also require greater durability.
Spacing should be measured around corners, not from corners.
Ideally, the control joint is located near the corner, concealed
behind a down pipe.
1 B8 1 B9
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Energy Efficiency for Class 2 to 9 Buildings For Class 5 to 9b buildings: Typical R-Values for Wall Construction
in South Australia Walls of Class 5 and 6 buildings and Class 7 to 9b with
External wall construction description Item Item Description R-Value
The Building Code of Australia (BCA):2007, Volume 1, Clause conditioned spaces are required by the BCA, Clause J1.5 to
(a) Masonry veneer — 25mm to 50mm cavity space, 10mm internal 1. Outdoor air film (7m/s) 0.03
J1.5 requires walls to have: achieve:
plaster on 90mm stud frame 2. Masonry 90mm dense weight 0.09
For Class 2, 3, 4 and 9c buildings: In Zones 2 to 7, a “Total R-Value” of 1.8 or a wall mass ≥ 1
220 kg/m2 with various options as defined in Table J1.5b. 3. Cavity air space (115 to 140mm, made up of
A “Total R-Value” of 1.4 in Climate Zone 5 (coastal areas west
Where 220kg/m2 and “thermal conductivity of less than 0.8” is 2
90mm stud + 25mm to 50mm air space non-reflective) 0.17
of Adelaide, Adelaide and some areas to the north and east.)
mentioned, it can be taken as 2 leaves of 10.01 masonry [see 4. Plasterboard, gypsum (10mm, 880 kg/m ) 3
0.06
A “Total R-Value” of 1.7 in Climate Zones 4 and 6 (middle BCA:2007, Vol 1, Specification J1.2, Table 2a, Item 3 (e)(iii)].
3 5. Indoor air film (still air) 0.12
and northern SA / south-east corner of SA)
“Total R-Value” means the sum of thermal resistances (m2.
Total R-Value 0.47
or… K/W) of wall components including air spaces and associated 4
surface resistances.
In Climate Zones 4 and 5, a Wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2
In Specification J1.5 “Wall Construction”, wall types (A) (B) and 5
In Climate Zone 6, a Wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 and insulation
(C) are given R-values without insulation. See following page for
with R-value not less than 1 or, a concrete slab on ground.
wall construction details and Table below for the R-value of the
insulation needed to make up the required Total R-value is: (b) Cavity masonry — 20mm to 50mm cavity space, 10mm internal 1. Outdoor air film (7m/s) 0.03
plaster on battens or furring channels
2. Masonry 90mm dense weight 0.09
1
R-Value 3. Brick cavity air space (20mm to 50mm, non-reflective) 0.17
R-value of insulation to make up Total R-value 2 4. Masonry 90mm dense weight 0.09
Class 2, 3, 4 and 9c Buildings Class 2, 3, 4 and 9c Buildings 5. Cavity air space (20mm to 35mm, non-reflective) 0.17
Wall Type 3
Zones 4 and 6 Zones 5 Zones 4, 5 and 6 6. Plasterboard, gypsum (10mm, 880kg/m ) 3
0.06
(A) 1.25 1.0 1.4 4 7. Indoor air film (still air) 0.12
(B) 1.0 0.7 1.1 Total R-Value 0.73
5
(C) 1.2 0.9 1.3
Total R-value 1.7 1.4 1.8 6
A wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 is defined in BCA Volume 2 as:

(c) Denseweight hollow concrete block with internal plaster on 1. Outdoor air film (7 m/s) 0.03
Two leaves of 90mm concrete masonry or… battens or furring channels 2. Denseweight 140mm hollow concrete block 0.15
(Denseweight 190mm hollow 0.20)
140mm concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced 1
3. Cavity air space (20mm to 35mm non-reflective) 0.17
cores at 1m maximum spacing and 10mm plasterboard or
render or… 4. Plasterboard, gypsum (10mm, 880 kg/m ) 3
0.06
2
5. Indoor air film (still air) 0.12
150mm Connex or 140mm concrete blocks with all cores filled
Total R-Value 0.53
with concrete grout or... 3
20.01 concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced cores

4
at 1.8m maximum spacing.
Concrete masonry R-values without air films added 90mm hollow (10.01) = 0.09
(BCA:2007, Spec’n J1.5, Fig 2, Notes) are: 110mm Bricks = 0.12
140mm hollow (15.01) = 0.15
190mm hollow (20.01) = 0.20
10mm render adds 0.02
1 B10 1 B11
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Energy Efficiency - South Australian Houses External Wall construction options:

Reinforced Masonry Lintels
The Building Code of Australia (BCA) 2007, Volume 2 divides 90mm Block veneer
South Australia into 3 Climate Zones: Zone 4 is middle and Diagram (A) on the previous page is from BCA:2007, Vol 1,
Moment and Shear Capacities for Series 150 Blocks (140mm leaf)
northern South Australia; Zone 5 is coastal areas west of Specification J1.5 where it is assigned an R-value of 0.47. In
NOTES
Adelaide; Adelaide and some areas to the north and east and Zone 5, this needs insulation with a minimum R-value of 1.5 Vertical Vertical
Vc = Shear capacity (kN)
Zone 6 is the south-east corner of South Australia. to reach the Total R-value requirement of 1.9. In Zones 4 and Bars Vc Mc Bars Vc Mc
Mc = Moment capacity (kNm)
N12 5.1 2.6 N12 12.5 9.3
6, it needs insulation with a minimum R-value of 1.8 to reach
The BCA requires dwellings to have star ratings or a favourable N16 6.3 2.6 N16 13.7 16.0 Mortar type, M3
the Total R-value requirement of 2.2 Block characteristic compressive strength,
comparison to a reference building. Walls can be “deemed-to-
ƒ’uc = 15MPa
satisfy” the requirements if they have: Cavity walls of 2 x 90mm Blocks
Horizontal Grout compressive strength,
This is deemed to be 220kg/m2 (BCA:2007 Vol 2, Explanatory ƒ’ c = 20MPa
A Total R-Value of 2.2 in Climate Zones 4 and 6 and 1.9 in Bars Vc Mc
note 4 to Figure 3.12.1.3). 15.01 cut Cement content min. (Grout) = 300kg/m3
Zone 5 N12 5.1 2.0 on-site
N16 6.3 2.9
100
In Zones 4 and 5, this needs insulation with a minimum R-value Horizontal
or…… 300
of 0.5 or slab-on-ground or masonry internal walls. 15.12 Bars Vc Mc
In Zones 4 and 5, have a Wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 and either N12 10.2 4.0
N16 12.6 4.7
In Zone 6, it needs insulation with a minimum R-value of 1 70
insulation with an R-value of 0.5; or Slab-on-ground; or have
or slab-on-ground and insulation with a minimum R-value of 15.15
Masonry internal walls.
0.5. 70
In Zone 6, have a Wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 and insulation with
140 and 190mm Blocks
R-value 0.5 and Slab-on-ground; or….include insulation with
Provided the 220kg/m2 option is used (bond beams and core- Moment and Shear Capacities for Series 200 Blocks (190mm leaf)
an R-value not less than 1.
fill), requirements are as above, for Cavity walls.
“Total R-Value” means the sum of thermal resistances(m2.K/W) Vertical Vertical
of wall components including air spaces and associated surface Bars Vc Mc Bars Vc Mc
N12 7.9 3.6 N12 6.4 2.9
resistances (see 3 examples on previous page). N16 10.2 3.6 N16 7.6 3.6
N20 13.1 3.6 N20 9.1 3.6
A wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 is deemed to be satisfied by:
Two leaves of 90mm concrete masonry or…

Horizontal Horizontal
140mm concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced Bars Vc Mc Bars Vc Mc
100 100 N12 6.4 2.9
cores at 1m maximum spacing and 10mm plasterboard or N12 8.2 4.0
N16 7.6 5.0
N16 9.3 6.9
N20 9.1 6.5
render or… 20.15
N20 10.6 9.9
20.15
129 (N12 bars)
150mm Connex or 140mm concrete blocks with all cores filled 127 (N16 bars) 95
125 (N20 bars)
with concrete grout or...
20.01 concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced cores

at 1.8m maximum spacing. Vertical Vertical
Bars Vc Mc Bars Vc Mc
N12 17.9 18.0 N12 16.4 9.5
N16 20.2 30.2 N16 17.6 16.6
N20 23.1 32.2 N20 19.0 24.4
20.91 or 20.91 or
20.01 cut 20.01 cut
on-site on-site
Horizontal Horizontal
300 300
Bars Vc Mc Bars Vc Mc
N12 16.4 8.0 N12 12.9 5.7
N16 18.6 13.4 N16 15.2 9.5
N20 21.3 17.2 N20 18.1 9.9
20.15 20.15
129 (Y12 bars)
127 (Y16 bars) 95
125 (Y20 bars)
1 B12 1 B13
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Design of Core Filled and Boundary

• The use of H or Double U blocks above the first course.
These blocks are easier to fill with grout which provides
Impermeable
layer sloping
to drain
Steel Reinforced Masonry the required continuous protection to the reinforcement. Drain
If rebated flush-ended blocks are used in lieu of H blocks,
Retaining Walls they should be laid with alternate courses inverted to
provide grout cover to horizontal reinforcement, which
Introduction
Backfill should be supported 20mm clear of the webs of flush-
The information presented here is supplied in good faith and ended blocks.
to the best of our knowledge was accurate at the time of Backfill
• The forming of weepholes by leaving out mortar in the
preparation. However, from time to time, additional or modified
vertical joints at the required locations. Where H or Double
data may be released by the CMAA. Any such information will U blocks are used, and weepholes are required, they may
supersede the information presented in this guide. be provided by placing 25mm diameter PVC pipes through
the vertical joint at the required locations. Alternatively,
This section provides specifications, design tables and typical
flush-ended blocks may be placed on either side of the
details for a range of reinforced concrete masonry retaining walls required weephole location so a mortar-free joint may be
Ground level
and their associated reinforced concrete bases. It is intended formed.
Base Type 1
as a general guide for suitably qualified and experienced
• The accurate positioning of reinforcement to give a
professional engineers, who for any particular proposed Foundation
minimum of 55mm of cover to the face of the bar and its Fig B3 — Sealing Backfill Surface
retaining wall, must accept the responsibility for carrying
secure tying before placing concrete or grout.
out a comprehensive site investigation, determining the soil Fig B1 — Typical Wall Layout for Base Type 1 Continuous Drainage Within the Backfill
characteristics and other design parameters of the particular • The removal of mortar dags protruding into cores before
This can be achieved by placing free-draining gravel or crushed
site, and for designing and detailing the structures. Boundary grouting.
stone to a width of approximately 300mm immediately behind
• The use, whenever available, of ready-mixed grout to workability the wall with a continuous agricultural pipe located at the base
It is important for the professional engineer to determine
specifications given in AS3700 should be used. Site-mixed of the wall. The outlets of the pipe must be beyond the ends of
the strength and stability of the foundation material and the
grout, if used, should be mixed thoroughly in a tilting-drum the wall unless the pipe is connected to a proper stormwater
drainage system required to ensure there will not be a build mixer to the same specification as ready-mixed grout.
up of hydrostatic pressure behind the wall. Backfill drainage system.
• The filling of all cores with grout, whether reinforced or
All designs are based on: not. This is essential to bond and protect horizontal Vertical layer of
granular material
reinforcement, to provide a full barrier against
• Reinforced Concrete Masonry Structures — AS3700 : 2001
water penetration and to give maximum weight for
SA Masonry Code.
stability.
• Reinforced Concrete Base — AS3600 : 1988 Concrete
• The thorough compaction of the grout so voids To prevent clay or
Structures.
are not left. Compaction may be achieved with silt infiltrating the
drainage system a
• Reinforcement — AS1302 : 1982 Steel Reinforcing Bars a high-frequency pencil vibrator, used carefully. geofabric material
Ground level Continuous may be wrapped
for Concrete. (The main vertical reinforcing bars should not be agricultural pipe around the gravel
Base Type 2 drain surrounded and/or the pipe
used to compact the grout). Control joints should by free-draining
• Concrete Blocks — AS4455 : 1997 Concrete Masonry Units. be built into the masonry at all points of potential gravel or crushed
stone
Foundation cracking.
Wall Types
Design tables in this section are given for walls up to 3.4 metres Fig B2 — Typical Wall Layout for Base Type 2 Backfill Drainage
high and for two base types: It is essential that steps be taken to prevent the backfill
Loading Conditions Construction behind the wall from becoming saturated. These steps
These tables cover: Recommendations should include: Fig B4 — Continuous Drainage Within the Backfill
Walls with Base Type 1
Sealing Backfill Surface
• Sloping backfill (up to 1 in 4) without any surcharge General For higher walls, or in cases where excessive groundwater
To prevent saturation of backfill by surface run-off, the surface
or Recommendations specifically applicable to reinforced masonry exists, it may be necessary to provide another agricultural pipe
of the backfill should be sealed by covering it with a compacted
retaining walls include: drain at mid-height of the wall.
layer of low permeability material. The surface should be sloped
• Level backfill with a 5kPa surcharge
• The provision of clean-out openings in the bottom course towards an open drain. Care must be taken to ensure that clay and silt do not infiltrate
Since typical cases only are presented, these tables may not to permit removal of mortar droppings and other debris the drainage material or agricultural pipe. The use of a geofabric
provide an ideal solution for a particular application. and to allow vertical reinforcement to be positioned and envelope around the gravel and/or a geofabric sock over the
tied. These openings should be closed (generally done pipe will assist.
with formwork) before grouting.
1 B14 1 B15
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Sloping backfill
Optional or surcharge
Backfill Free draining capping
granular material
Longitudinal
Locate the reinforcement: N12 in
continuous drain Sloping alternate courses
at the bottom of Free-draining backfill or commencing from top
the base gravel or stone 190
surcharge course. Omit on top of
Optional clean-out block
Weepholes capping
between Height
blocks of
190mm Vertical reinforcement:
Drain Longitudinal reinforcement: N12 @400 cts
N12 in alternate courses Longitudinal blocks
commencing from top course. reinforcement: 190
Omit on top of clean-out block N12 in
alternate
courses
Sloping commencing
140 backfill or from top 450
Fig B5 — Continuous Drainage Within the Backfill surcharge H = 2200
course. Omit min
Walls with Base Type 2 on top of to 3400 lap
Fig B7 — Continuous Drainage Within the Backfill clean-out
Walls with Base Type 1 block
N12 @400
Optional cts K Bars
capping
Water Penetration H = 1400
to 2000
H = 800 290
to 1200 N12 @400
If it is considered necessary to reduce the passage of moisture cts
Height of
through the wall, for aesthetic or other reasons such as 290mm
blocks V Bars
aggressive groundwater, the earth face of the wall should be 600 V Bars
Extra V Bars min
agricultural treated with an appropriate sealer such as water-resistant 450
min lap
pipe drain X Bars X Bars X Bars
render or water-resistant paint, or by tanking with bituminous lap
materials.
200 250 300
Structural Design Guidelines 350 400

550
N12 @400 N16 @400

Acceptable Soil Combinations 180
230
N16 @400
B
• For retaining walls founded on sand (Type A soil), the B 330
B
retained material must be similar and with a friction angle
of 38° or greater, eg Type A soil — clean sand or gravel. Fig B9 — Construction Guidelines for Reinforced and Core Filled Retaining Walls with Base Type 1
Fig B6 — Continuous Drainage for High Walls • For retaining walls founded on other soils, the retained
and/or Excessive Groundwater material must be a free draining material with a friction
angle of 27° or greater, eg Type A soil — clean sand or gravel, Table B3 — Design Guidelines for Reinforced and Core Filled Retaining Walls with Base Type 1
Weepholes Type B soil — coarse grained with silt or some clay.
Weepholes should be provided above the finished ground Wall Height Reinforcement Base Dimensions
Total
level. A drain should be provided in front of the wall to prevent
Height Height of Blockwork X-Bars Width, B (mm)
saturation of the ground. (mm) 150 200 300 and with following backfill conditions
H Series Series Series V-Bars K-Bars Level Max 1 in 4 Slope
The horizontal spacing of the weepholes depends on the 55mm cover to
wall reinforcement 800 800 — — N12 at 400 — 800 1000
provisions made for directing water towards the holes. The
1000 1000 — — N12 at 400 — 1000 1200
simplest, but most effective, method is to place one or two 1200 1200 — — N12 at 400 — 1100 1500
buckets of free-draining gravel or crushed stone around the 1400 — 1400 — N12 at 400 — 1300 1700
intake end of each hole. In this case, the horizontal spacing Clean-out 1600 — 1600 — N16 at 400 — 1400 2000
course 1800 — 1800 — N16 at 400 — 1600 2200
should not exceed 1.5 metres. If the layers of draining material 30mm
2000 — 2000 — N16 at 200 — 1700 2500
are continuous for the full length of the wall, weephole spacing
2200 — 1400 800 N16 at 400 N16 at 400 1900 2800
may be increased to an extent depending on the quantity of
2400 — 1600 800 N16 at 400 N16 at 400 2000 3100
water expected. 50mm cover to all
2600 — 1600 1000 N20 at 400 N20 at 400 2200 3300
base reinforcement
2800 — 1800 1000 N20 at 400 N20 at 400 2400 3600
Note: For walls higher than 2200mm, a second row of weepholes
3000 — 2000 1000 N16 at 200 N16 at 200 2600 3900
may be required. However, staining of the wall could result. 3200 — 2000 1200 N20 at 200 N16 at 200 2800 4200
Fig B8 — Typical Set-out Detail 3400 — 2000 1400 N20 at 200 N16 at 200 2900 4500
1 B16 1 B17
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Surcharge or
sloping backfill
(1 in 4 max.)
Optional
capping
Surcharge or
sloping backfill N16 in top course only
(1 in 4 max.) 190
Height of
Optional 190mm
capping blocks N12@400 cts
Longitudinal
reinforcement Longitudinal reinforcement:
N12@400cts. N16 in top N12@400
commencing from course only
top course. Omit on
top of clean-out 190
Surcharge or 190
sloping backfill course
Longitudinal 600
(1 in 4 max.) 140 min.
reinforcement
N12@400 cts. H = 2200 lap
Optional Omit on top of to 3400
capping clean-out course Starter bar to match
Floor slab reinforcement
Longitudinal reinforcement N12 at 200 cts wall reinforcement
2 x N12@400cts. Omit on above
N12@400 cts top of clean-out course
H = 1400 One-course bond
to 2000 290 beam with N12 bar
H = 800 N12@400 cts
K Bars
to 1200 Height of
V Bars V Bars 290mm 20.20 knock-out block
blocks V Bars saw-cut at floor soffit level
600
450 min.
min. lap
lap Series 200
SL72 Fabric SL72 Fabric SL72 Fabric blocks
250 250 300

D D D
Horizontal Note:
N16@400 N16@400 2700 max. reinforcement,
N16@400 Wall blocks and
N12@400 N12 at 400 cts reinforcement as
N12@400 for 'Typical Details'
W W W
B Tanking to back face of wall
B B e.g. Bituminous coating
Fig B10 — Construction Guidelines for Reinforced and Core Filled Walls with Base Type 2 Vertical
reinforcement:
N16 @400 cts, False wall
central
Table B4 — Design Guidelines for Reinforced and Core Filled Walls with Base Type 2
Floor slab
reinforcement Drained cavity
Wall Height Reinforcement Base Dimensions
Max. 1 in 4
Total Level Backfill Sloping Backfill
Height Height of Blockwork Heel Width Base Width Heel Depth Base Width Heel Depth 200 200
(mm) 150 200 300 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

H Series Series Series V-Bars K-Bars W B D B D 55mm N12 @400 cts N16 @400 cts or
cover N12 at 200 cts Ag. drain Ag. drain
800 800 — — N12 at 400 — 450 600 500 800 500
1000 1000 — — N12 at 400 — 450 800 500 1000 500 1000
1200 1200 — — N12 at 400 — 450 1000 500 1200 600
1400 — 1400 — N16 at 400 — 450 1200 500 1400 600 Fig B11 — Typical Details — Fig B12 — Alternative Details —
1600 — 1600 N16 at 400 — 450 1400 600 1600 700 Fully Propped Wall Fully Propped Wall
1800 — 1800 N16 at 400 — 450 1600 700 1800 800
2000 — 2000 N16 at 200 600 1800 700 2000 800
2200 — 1400 800 N16 at 400 N16 at 400 600 2000 800 2200 900
2400 — 1600 800 N16 at 400 N16 at 400 600 2200 900 2400 1000
2600 — 1600 1000 N20 at 400 N20 at 400 900 2400 900 2600 1000
2800 — 1800 1000 N20 at 400 N20 at 400 900 2600 900 2800 1100
3000 — 2000 1000 N16 at 200 N16 at 200 900 2800 1000 3000 1200
3200 — 2000 1200 N20 at 200 N16 at 200 900 3000 1100 3200 1300
3400 — 2000 1400 N20 at 200 N16 at 200 900 3200 1200 3400 1500
1 B18 1 B19
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Note:
Retaining wall shall be propped prior to
190 backfilling and remain in place for a
minimum of 7 days after placing floor slab
290
Floor slab reinforcement
190 to suit site conditions
140 450
190
lap
Timber floor Vapour barrier and
sand bedding under slab
Timber floor
Knock-out block
saw-cut at floor
One-course soffit level
bond beam using N12 at same spacing as
20.20 knock-out block vertical reinforcement
with 1xN12 bar (spacing 'S')
N12 at same spacing as vertical
reinforcement (spacing 'S')
Pole plate fixed lapped 450 in wall and floor
65mm cover to to bond beam
back face
Horizontal
Vertical reinforcement reinforcement,
N16 at 400 cts, central N12 at 400 cts
2700 max. Free-draining gravel

Natural Vertical
soil reinforcement:
Note: N12 at spacing 'S', 'H' (2200 max.)
Series 200 Reinforcement as centrally placed
blocks for ‘Typical Details’
Natural soil
Ag. drain 65mØ
fall at 1:100 to
Use Double-U or H outlet
blocks for
Horizontal reinforcement, Tanking to sub-floor wall
N12 at 400 cts back face 290 section
of wall
Bars
450 lap
Series 300 65mm cover
1200 blocks to back face Clean-out course
False wall
Clean-out Note:
Natural Starter bars, Footing size and
course N12 @ spacing 'S', 450 min. 600 min.
soil reinforcement to suit
Floor slab centrally placed site conditions
Drained cavity
reinforcement
300
300
N12 at 400 cts N16 at 200 cts Fig B15 — Typical Details — Subfloor Retaining Walls
1500
or N20 at 400 cts Ag. drain
55mm cover Ag. drain
Fig B13 — Typical Details — Fig B14 — Alternative Details — Vertical Reinforcement Spacing
Unpropped or Partially Propped Wall Unpropped or Partially Propped Wall
Height H(mm) Spacing S(mm)
≤ 1500 600
> 1500 ≤ 2200 400
NOTE: Backfill must be completed prior to construction of timber floor.
Fire Design
1 C18
PAGE
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 B Boral MASONRY
Boral MASONRY
Build
Build something
something great
™
great™
NOTES

structural, fire and acoustics south australia BOOK 1
c fire design
B20 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE

1 C
Fire Design Fire Design
1 C2 1 C3
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 C South Australia Book 1 C
Masonry Design for Masonry Design for The Slenderness ratio (Srf) of the proposed wall is calculated as
per Clause 6.3.2.2. If this value is less than the maximum Srf
For cavity walls, two thirds of the total thickness can be used
for t, provided that BOTH leaves are restrained in the same
Fire Resistance Structural Adequacy FRL in Table 6.1 [or the Srf calculated from Fire Tests and Clause positions (eg: external leaf stops at slab also). If the external
6.3.3(b)(ii)], then the wall complies. If the Srf of the wall is leaf is a veneer to the slab edge, the internal leaf must provide
Fire Resistance Levels (FRL) Legend for the following formulae
greater than the maximum permissible, it is recalculated for the Structural Adequacy FRL on its own.
FRL come from the Building Code of Australia’s (BCA) tables for Srf = the slenderness ratio in design for fire resistance an increased thickness and/or extra restraints.
Type A, B or C construction. The Type of construction depends For reinforced masonry, the Srf of 36, from Table 6.1 may be
for structural adequacy. See table C2 on page C7 for
on the Class of building and the number of stories or floors. There are 4 formulae for calculating Srf: 6.3.2.2 (1) and (2) used. Reinforcement can be horizontal, as bond beams when
maximum Srf.
are the HEIGHT formulae. spanning between columns. Reinforcement can be vertical,
There are 3 figures in the Fire Resistance Level. avf = 0.75 if the member is laterally supported along its top as filled cores when spanning between slabs. In either case,
FORMULA 1 and 2 is: avf H
eg: FRL 60/120/120 meaning Structural Adequacy for 60
edge. Srf = reinforcement can be spaced up to 2m apart, depending on
t
minutes / Integrity for 120 minutes / Insulation for 120 minutes. span. This reinforcement stiffens the masonry and resists
= 2.0 if the member is not laterally supported along its
bowing. Reinforced walls with Srf < 36 have a 240 minute FRL
top edge. 6.3.2.2 (3) is the PANEL ACTION formula.
Structural Adequacy for Structural Adequacy.
H = the clear height of a member between horizontal lateral
√
This governs the wall height, length, thickness and restraints. FORMULA 3 is: 0.7 avf H ah L
Srf = All calculations should be checked by an engineer. Other loads
Masonry unit suppliers do not control the wall height, length supports; or t
may supersede Structural Adequacy requirements.
or restraints, therefore do not control Structural Adequacy. = for a member without top horizontal support, the overall
However, information that is useful in the design of masonry height from the bottom lateral support. 6.3.2.2 (4) is the LENGTH formula.
walls is the maximum Slenderness ratio (Srf). Boral Masonry
FORMULA 4 is: L Masonry Design for
provides Srf information for all of its masonry units, and its t = the overall thickness of the member cross-section Srf = ah
use is discussed in more detail later. perpendicular to the principal axis under consideration;
t Integrity FRL
for members of cavity wall construction, the wall (The resistance to the passage of flame or gas).
Integrity thickness assessed is in accordance with Clause The actual Srf is the lesser of the resulting figures.
This is the resistance to the passage of flame or gas. To provide 6.3.2.1(a) and (b). It is impractical to provide test results for all possible masonry
Formula (1) and (2) always govern where there is no end
‘integrity’, masonry walls must be structurally adequate wall designs, and therefore ‘Integrity’ must be proved in some
ah = 1.0 if the member is laterally supported along both its restraint, and often govern where walls are long, relative to
because cracks that form when it bows can allow flame through other way. With masonry wall design, the most practical way
vertical edges. their height. Projects with multiple wall lengths (eg: home
the wall. Since the masonry unit supplier does not control to prove ‘Integrity’ is to prove ‘Structural Adequacy’ and
units) can use this formula as a ‘one size fits all’ method of
Structural Adequacy, they cannot control ‘integrity’ either. = 2.5 if the member is laterally supported along one ‘Insulation’ equal to or better than the ‘Integrity’ requirement.
calculating the masonry thickness.
vertical edge. (Logically, if the wall is designed to minimise ‘bowing’ it will
Insulation Formula (3) allows a wall to exceed the height given by formula not crack and therefore resist the passage of flame and gas for
L = The clear length of a wall between vertical lateral (1) and (2) provided at least one end is restrained as well as the specified time).
This is resistance to the passage of heat. Insulation is
supports; or the top.
governed by the type and thickness of the material used to
This method is also the best way to prove ‘integrity’ even
produce the masonry unit. This is controlled by the masonry = for a wall without vertical support at one end or at Formula (4) governs the wall length, often where there is no when a wall may not be required to comply with a ‘structural
unit manufacturer. In relation to FRL, masonry must always a control joint or for walls containing openings, the top restraint (eg: portal frame factories) and where walls are adequacy’ FRL value, such as is the case with non loadbearing
provide ‘Insulation’ to an equal or better level than is required length to that unsupported end or control joint or edge short, relative to their height (eg: a lift well or vent shaft). walls. eg: if the BCA requires an FRL of -/90/90, the wall has
for ‘Integrity’. of opening. no actual ‘structural adequacy’ requirement, but to prove
From a suppliers perspective, it is helpful to be able to calculate
NOTE: A control joint in a wall, or an edge to an opening in integrity of 90 minutes, the wall must be structurally adequate
the maximum height* for a given thickness (masonry unit),
a wall, shall be regarded as an unsupported edge to the wall for 90 minutes.
Srf x t
unless specific measures are taken to provide adequate lateral eg: H =
Avf
support at the edge.
Structural Adequacy may be overridden by design for and calculate the thickness from a given wall size.
robustness; wind; live or earthquake loads. Avf x H
t =
A fire on one side of a wall will heat that side, making it Srf
expand and lean towards the fire. When the lean or bow
reaches half the thickness of the original wall, the wall becomes where ‘t’ is the OVERALL thickness, whether the units are
structurally inadequate. The formulae in AS3700, Clause solid or hollow.
6.3.2.2 limits masonry panel size, depending on its restraints
and thickness. NOTE:* Refer to the Structural Adequacy Selection Graphs on
pages C9 to C15 for maximum height values.
C2 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 C3
1 C4 1 C5
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Masonry Design for Effect of Chases on Fire Rated How to Select Boral Masonry Units for Fire Rated Walls
Insulation FRL Masonry All design information, table data and graphs in this guide are Tables and graphs assume all walls are built on concrete slabs
derived from formulae in AS3700 : 2001 Masonry Structures, or broad footings and have adequate restraints. Piers, cavity
Insulation is the one FRL component that a masonry unit Structural Adequacy FRL
Part 6.3 for Structural Adequacy Fire Resistance Levels (FRL) walls, freestanding walls, earthquake, wind and other loads
manufacturer does control. It is governed by the ‘type of To assess the effect of chases on Structural Adequacy FRLs,
and Part 4.6 for Robustness. are not addressed in this guide. All fire rated walls should be
material’ and the ‘material thickness’. the direction in which the wall spans must be taken into
designed by a suitably qualified engineer.
account.
‘Material thickness’ is defined in AS3700, Clause 6.5.2 as the
overall thickness for solid and grouted units and units with Walls spanning vertically may be chased vertically. The
cores not more than 30% of the unit’s overall volume. horizontal chase is limited to 4 times the wall thickness.
Step 1 Example
For hollow units (cores > 30%), the material thickness is the Walls spanning vertically and horizontally may be chased Determine required wall FRL from the Building Code
net volume divided by the face area. horizontally up to half the wall length. Horizontal chases of Australia (BCA).
should be kept to a bare minimum. Walls spanning vertically eg: 120/60/60
For cavity walls, t = the sum of material thicknesses in both The Building Code of Australia (BCA), Section C defines the
and horizontally may be chased vertically up to half the wall Insulation
leaves. (not two thirds as for the Structural Adequacy FRL). CLASS and TYPE of building and designates the required
height. Integrity
Fire Resistant Level (FRL) in terms of three criteria. See
Options for Increasing FRLs Structural Adequacy
If these limits are exceeded, the masonry design thickness adjacent example.
The Structural Adequacy FRL can be increased by adding must be reduced by the depth of the recess or, in the case of
wall stiffeners, by increasing the overall thickness, by adding vertical chases, designed as 2 walls with unsupported ends
reinforcement or by protecting the wall with Boral Plasterboard at the chase. NOTE: For masonry wall design, the FRL for any given wall eg. If the BCA required FRL is: —/120/60
‘FireStop’ board, fixed to furring channels (on both sides of the must comply with: Then the chosen wall design must have an
wall if a fire rating is required from both sides). Integrity and Insulation FRLs actual FRL of: 120/120/120 or better.
Structural Adequacy ≥ Integrity ≤ Insulation
Maximum depth of recess is 30mm. Maximum area is
Integrity FRLs are increased by increasing the other two FRL
1,000mm2. Total maximum area on both sides of any 5m2 of Refer to the section ‘Design for Integrity’ on page C3 for
values to the required Integrity FRL.
wall is 100,000mm2 additional explanation.
Insulation FRLs can be increased by core filling, by adding
If these limits are exceeded, the masonry design thickness
another leaf of masonry, by rendering both sides of the wall if
must be reduced by the depth of the recess.
the fire can come from either side. NOTE: Only ONE thickness Worked Example
of render is added to the material thickness and that must be Recesses for Services A 6m high, 6m long fire rated, non-loadbearing wall in a 3 storey
on the ‘cold’ side because the render on the exposed face will
Recesses that are less than half of the masonry thickness and warehouse. BCA specifies Class 7, Type b Construction.
drop off early in a fire).
are less than 10,000mm2 for both sides within any 5m2 of the BCA Section C1.1, Table 4 specifies an FRL 240/240/240.
Boral ‘FireStop’ plasterboard on furring channels can increase masonry, do not have an effect on fire ratings.
the Insulation FRL from either side. Unlike render, the Boral
If these limits are exceeded, the masonry design thickness
FireStop and furring system does not drop off the hot side so
must be reduced by the depth of the recess.
quickly due to the board’s fire resistance, the mechanical fixing
of the board to furring and the furring to the wall.
1 C6 1 C7
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Step 2 Worked Example Step 3 Worked Example

Select an appropriate Boral Masonry Unit based on From Table C1, the following units all achieve 240 minutes Check the ‘Structural Adequacy’ of the selected The calculated Srf value for your wall design MUST NOT
the FRL ‘Insulation Requirement’. FRL for ‘Insulation’:— units. EXCEED the value from the accompanying table.
The third figure in an FRL rating is the ‘Insulation’. • Fire Rated Block 15.401, 15.483, 20.401 and SUPCXC SB The Slenderness ratio (Srf) of a fire rated wall is calculated as See following page for an explanation on using the Boral Srf
per AS3700 : 2001, Clause 6.3.2.2, and must not exceed the graphs to assist preliminary selection.
Table C1 provides the ‘Insulation’ values for the various • Grout Filled Masonry (190mm) 20.42 and 20.91. (However,
Srf values given in AS3700 or calculated from Fire Tests.
Boral units. the use of Scoria may be more cost effective). eg. Scoria Block required to provide Structural Adequacy for
Table C2 provides the maximum Srf values for Boral masonry 240 minutes has an Srf = 19.7. (refer to table C2 (below) and
Check the ‘Materials Attributes’ (see notes below the table)
units. page C11).
to ensure the selection is fit for its purpose.
Also refer to the previous explanation and AS3700 for Srf
calculation methods.
Table C1 — FRL Insulation Values for Boral Masonry Units (South Australia) In this example, the 6 x 6m wall, with lateral restraint on
Fire INSULATION FRL (minutes) 4 sides, 190mm thick has an S rf = 19.2. as per formula
Test 30 60 90 120 180 240 Material Product Code/Type* 6.3.2.2 (3).
Yes Scoria Block and Bricks 10.331; 10.383
Yes Scoria Block and Bricks 15.301
Alternatives are 20.401 (SB) and 20.91 with reinforcement
Yes Scoria Block and Bricks 15.401; 15.483; 20.401; SUPCX SB and core filling.
Yes FireLight (FL) SUPCXH FL
As the wall in this example is non-loadbearing, the Scoria
d.t.s.. +render Natural and Designer Block 10.01; 10.31; 10.71; 10.83
d.t.s.. Natural and Designer Block 15.01; 15.71 Block 20.401 is the more economical solution.
d.t.s.. Natural and Designer Block 20.01; 20.71
d.t.s.. +render Natural and Designer Block 110mm concrete bricks
d.t.s.. +render Natural and Designer Block 15.83
d.t.s.. +render Grout Filled Masonry 140mm 15.01; 15.42; 15.91
Table C2 — Maximum Srf Values for Boral Masonry Units
d.t.s. Grout Filled Masonry 190mm 20.01; 20.42; 20.91 Srf Values
d.t.s. Grout Filled Masonry 290mm 30.91 Fire FRL (minutes) for Structural Adequacy
d.t.s. ‘deemed to satisfy’. +render = 10mm render both faces Test 30 60 90 120 180 240 Material Condition of use
* Product Codes listed are for the ‘Full Size Unit’. Fractional size blocks in the same range have the same FRL rating. Yes 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 21.5 19.7 Scoria Blocks and Bricks Non loadbearing ONLY
Yes 29 29 26.9 24.9 22.2 20.3 FireLight (FL) Non loadbearing ONLY
d.t.s. 19.5 18 17 16 15.5 15 Designer Block and Natural Any
Material Attributes (South Australia) Natural Block and Designer Block ƒ’uc = 10MPa.
d.t.s. 36 36 36 36 36 36 Reinforced and Grout Filled Masonry Any
Scoria Blocks and Bricks — ƒ’uc = 6 MPa. Blocks provide a 60 or 90 minute Insulation FRL. Economical d.t.s.= deemed to satisfy, as per AS3700 : 2001, Table 6.1.
Offers excellent Insulation and Structural Adequacy FRLs for masonry for where Robustness supersedes Structural
NON-LOADBEARING fire rated walls. 10% lighter than Natural Adequacy requirements. Suitable for LOADBEARING walls.
units. Scoria Blend is hard, durable and suitable for paint or render. Acoustic performance with plasterboard is excellent. Acoustic
Acoustic performance with plasterboard linings is excellent. performance with render is excellent.
Acoustic performance with render is medium range. Reinforced Grout Filled Masonry. ƒ ’uc = 15MPa.
AS3700 allows an Srf value of 36 for reinforced masonry. This
FireLight Brick (FL) — ƒ’uc = 3 MPa
in turn allows for the largest walls to be built using the thinnest
Insulation FRL of 120 minutes. High slenderness ratio (Srf) for masonry option. Suitable for LOADBEARING applications. Grout
Structural Adequacy FRL. Suitable for NON LOADBEARING strength to be 20MPa.
fire rated walls. Light weight, 35% lighter than Natural units.
Acoustic performance with plasterboard linings is excellent.
1 C8 1 C9
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Boral Structural Adequacy Selection Graphs and Tables Scoria Blocks and Bricks - Srf = 22.6
To assist with the preliminary selection of Boral masonry units IMPORTANT Structural Adequacy for 60-120 minutes Fire Resistant Level (FRL)
for fire rated walls, a graphical selection method based on Srf The following selection graphs are based on Specific
values has been developed. Products manufactured in South Australian Boral
Plants. Should these units be sourced from other plants, SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
The following pages provide graphs and tables for a selection Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
the specification should be checked with the respective 60 – 120 minutes FRL 60 – 120 minutes FRL
of Boral masonry units where at least one end of the wall has
supply plant. Laterally supported Laterally supported
lateral restraint. both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT
9 9
Leaf Leaf
Additional tables are provided for walls with no end restraint and Thickness Thickness
8 8
for reinforced/grout filled masonry, following these graphs.
7 7
How to Use the Boral Structural Adequacy FRL Graphs 6 6
Height of wall between supports (m)

190mm
5 5
Scoria Blocks and Bricks Worked Example
140mm
1. Select the appropriate masonry unit material. 4 4
110mm
2. Select the appropriate page with Structural 3
90mm
3
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy Adequacy for the required minutes. (240 minutes
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
2 190mm
2
240 minutes FRL for this example). 140mm
Laterally supported 110mm
1 1 90mm
both ends and top SUPPORT
3. Select the appropriate graph for the chosen wall
9
Leaf
Thickness
restraint (support) criteria. (Support on both 0 0
8 sides, top and bottom for this example). 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m)
7 4. Plot the intersection of the Wall Height and the
Wall Length on the graph. (For this example 6m
6
height x 6m length).
190mm
5
5. The result MUST FALL BELOW the coloured line
4 140mm indicated for the chosen masonry unit thickness.
In this example, the result is above the line for SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
110mm Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
3 140mm units but below the line for 190mm units. 60 – 120 minutes FRL 60 – 120 minutes FRL
90mm
2
Therefore 190mm units would be suitable. (140mm Laterally supported Laterally supported
units would not be suitable for this example). one end and top SUPPORT one end top free SUPPORT
9 9
1 Leaf Leaf
Thickness Thickness
8 8
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
7 7
Length of wall between supports (m)
6 6

190mm
Index to Structural Adequacy FRL Graphs and Tables 5 5
Product Group FRL Minutes (Structural Adequacy) Page
4 140mm 4
Scoria Blocks and Bricks 60 — 120 C9
Scoria Blocks and Bricks 180 C10 110mm
3 3
Scoria Blocks and Bricks 240 C11 90mm
2 2
FireLight (FL) 60 C12 190mm
140mm
FireLight (FL) 90 C13 1 1 110mm
90mm
FireLight (FL) 120 C14 0
0
Standard Natural and Designer Block 60 C15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Standard Natural and Designer Block 90 C16 Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m)
Walls Restrained at Top (Unrestrained Ends) 60 — 240 C17

Reinforced and Grout Filled Masonry Walls 60 — 240 C17
1 C10 1 C11
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Scoria Blocks and Bricks - Srf = 21.5 Scoria Blocks and Bricks - Srf = 19.7
Structural Adequacy for 180 minutes Fire Resistant Level (FRL) Structural Adequacy for 240 minutes Fire Resistant Level (FRL)
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy SUPPORT Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
180 minutes FRL 180 minutes FRL
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Laterally supported Laterally supported
both ends, top free SUPPORT Laterally supported Laterally supported
9 9 both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT
Leaf Leaf 9 9
Thickness Thickness Leaf Leaf
8 8 Thickness Thickness
8 8
7 7
7 7
6 6

6 6

190mm

5 5
5 190mm 5
4 140mm 4
4 4
140mm
3 110mm 3
3 3
90mm 190mm 110mm
2 2 90mm 190mm
2 2
140mm
1 110mm 140mm
1 110mm
90mm 1 1
90mm
0 0
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
one end top free SUPPORT Laterally supported Laterally supported
one end and top SUPPORT
9 9 one end and top SUPPORT one end top free SUPPORT
Leaf Leaf 9 9
Thickness Thickness Leaf Leaf
8 8 Thickness Thickness
8 8
7 7
7 7
6 6
6 6

190mm
5 5
5 190mm 5
4 140mm 4
4 4
140mm
3 110mm 3
3 110mm 3
90mm
2 2 90mm
190mm 2 2
140mm 190mm
1 1 110mm 140mm
90mm 1 1 110mm
90mm
0 0
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 C12 1 C13
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
FireLight (FL) - Srf ≤ 29 FireLight (FL) - Srf = 26.9

SUPPORT SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy SUPPORT Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
60 minutes FRL 60 minutes FRL 90 minutes FRL 90 minutes FRL
Laterally supported Laterally supported Laterally supported Laterally supported
both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT
9 9 9 9
Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf
Thickness Thickness Thickness Thickness
8 190mm 8 8 190mm 8
7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6


5 140mm 5 5 140mm 5
4 4 4 4
110mm 110mm
100mm 190mm
100mm
3 90mm 3 3 90mm 3 190mm
2 2 140mm 2 2 140mm
110mm 110mm
100mm 100mm
1 1 90mm 1 1 90mm
0 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m)
SUPPORT SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
one end and top SUPPORT one end top free SUPPORT one end and top SUPPORT one end, top free SUPPORT
9 9 9 9
Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf
8 8 8 8
7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6

190mm
190mm
5 5 5 5
4 140mm 4 4 4
140mm
110mm 110mm
3 3 3 100mm 3
100mm
90mm 90mm
2 2 2 2
190mm 190mm
140mm 140mm
1 1 110mm 1 1 110mm
90/100mm 90/100mm
0 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 C14 1 C15
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
FireLight (FL) - Srf = 24.9 Standard Natural and Designer Block™ - Srf = 18.0
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
120 minutes FRL 120 minutes FRL Laterally supported
Laterally supported
Laterally supported Laterally supported both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT
both ends and top SUPPORT both ends, top free SUPPORT 9 9
9 Leaf Leaf
9 Leaf
Leaf Thickness Thickness
Thickness Thickness 8 8
8 8
7 7
7 7
190mm
6 6

6 6

5 5
5 5 190mm
140mm
4 4
4 4
110mm 140mm
100mm 3 3
3 90mm 3 110mm
190mm 90mm 2
2 190mm
2 2 140mm 140mm
110mm 110mm
100mm 1 1
1 1 90mm 90mm
0 0
0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
one end and top SUPPORT one end top free SUPPORT
one end and top SUPPORT one end, top free SUPPORT
9 9 9 9
Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf
8 8 8 8
7 7 7 7
6 6 6 6

190mm
5 5 5 5
190mm
4 140mm 4 4
4
110mm 140mm
3 3 3 3
100mm
90mm 110mm
2 2 90mm 2
2
190mm 190mm
140mm 140mm
1 1 110mm 1 1 110mm
90/100mm 90mm
0 0 0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 C16 1 C17
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Standard Natural and Designer Block™ - Srf = 17.0 Walls Restrained at Top (Unrestrained Ends) SUPPORT
Walls without restraint to the ends, but with lateral restraint along their top have maximum
Structural Adequacy for 90 minutes Fire Resistant Level (FRL) heights irrespective of their length as detailed in the following table. (Most doorways and
windows create free ends).
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Structural Adequacy SUPPORT Structural Adequacy Material Thickness Maximum Wall Height (metres)
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
90 minutes FRL 90 minutes FRL Structural Adequacy (FRL minutes)
both ends, top free SUPPORT 60 90 120 180 240
9 9
Leaf Leaf 90mm 2.430 2.430 2.430 2.430 2.364
Thickness Thickness
8 8 110mm 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.889
Scoria Blocks and Bricks
7 7 140mm 3.780 3.780 3.780 3.780 3.677
6 6 190mm 5.130 5.130 5.130 5.130 4.991

FireLight (FL) 110mm 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.970

5 5
190mm 90mm 2.160 2.040 1.920 1.860 1.800

4 4
110mm 2.640 2.493 2.347 2.273 2.200
140mm 3
Standard Natural and Designer Block
3
140mm 3.360 3.173 2.987 2.893 2.800
110mm
2 90mm 2 190mm 4.560 4.307 4.053 3.927 3.800
190mm
140mm
1 1 110mm 140mm 5.040 5.040 5.040 5.040 5.040
90mm Reinforced and Grout Filled*
0 0 190mm 6.840 6.840 6.840 6.840 6.840
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
*Governed by Robustness. Can be higher if supporting a slab. These heights can be exceeded when one or both ends are restrained as well as the top.
Reinforced Masonry Walls

Reinforced cores spanning vertically, Reinforced bond beams spanning horizontally,
SUPPORT
ie. restraint top and bottom ie. restraint bottom and both ends
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
90 minutes FRL 90 minutes FRL Structural Adequacy

Structural Adequacy
Laterally supported Laterally supported 60 – 240 minutes FRL 60 – 240 minutes FRL
one end and top SUPPORT one end, top free SUPPORT Lateral support at both ends
9
Leaf
9
Leaf
Lateral support along top
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
SUPPORT
Thickness Thickness
Single Steel reinforced and
8 8 Single Steel reinforced
Core fill fully grouted bond beams
and fully grouted cores Bond beam spacing
7 spacing
7
6 6
SUPPORT
Slab or broad footing

Slab or broad footing SUPPORT
5 5
Maximum Leaf Maximum Leaf
190mm Wall Height Core Fill Thickness Wall Length Bond Beam Thickness
4 4
(metres) Steel Spacing (metres) (mm) (metres) Steel Spacing (metres) (mm)
3 140mm 3
110mm 4.000 N12 Every 10th core — (2m) 140 4.000 N12 Every 10th course — (2m) 140
2 90mm 2
190mm 5.040 N16 Every 10th core — (2m) 140 5.040 N16 Every 10th course — (2m) 140
140mm
1 1 110mm 4.800 N12 Every 10th core — (2m) 190 4.800 N12 Every 10th course — (2m) 190
90mm
0 0 6.400 N16 Every 10th core — (2m) 190 6.400 N16 Every 10th course — (2m) 190
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Length of wall between supports (m) Length of wall between supports (m) 6.840 N16 Every 8th core — (1.6m) 190 6.840 N16 Every 8th course — (1.6m) 190
Maximum vertical load on wall = 11.25 H kN/m where H is in metres.
Fire Design
1 C18
PAGE
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 C Boral MASONRY
NOTES

structural, fire and acoustics south australia BOOK 1
d acoustic design
C18 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE

1 D
Acoustic Design Acoustic Design
1 D2 1 D3
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 D South Australia Book 1 D
Acoustic Performance Ratings Masonry with Plasterboard Systems Masonry with Plasterboard on Stud How loud is noise?
Daub-fixed Plasterboard Framing
STC and Rw. The cornice cement daubs, used to fix plasterboard to masonry, In this system, vibrations are isolated by the gap between the
STC (Sound Transmission Class) and Rw (Weighted Sound create a small cavity in which resonances can occur. The more masonry and the stud frame.
Reduction Index) are similar in that they are a single number dense, smooth and impervious the masonry is the more it will
evaluation of STL (Sound Transmission Loss) measurements Plasterboard is screw fixed to the outside of a stud wall, which
‘bounce’ or resonate the sound, allowing the plasterboard to
over 16 frequencies. is positioned 20mm from one face of the masonry.
re-radiate the sound.
The use of STC was changed to Rw in BCA Amendment 6, An extra 6dB can be gained by placing Tontine TSB5 insulation
Tests on linings with extra daubs (spacing was halved) gave
issued in January 2000. between the studs. The other side of the masonry can be lined
lower performances, presumably due to extra ‘bridges’ through
with daub fixed plasterboard or rendered. 13mm render can
The lowest frequency measured in Rw is 100Hz. (STC started the daubs.
add an extra 1dB more than daub fixed board.
at 125Hz). Concrete masonry has a coarser texture and is more porous
This system complies with the BCA requirement of
The highest frequency measured in Rw is 3150Hz. (STC than clay.
‘discontinuous construction’ for impact rated walls.
finished at 4000 Hz). The noise energy that gets through the wall and ‘bounces’
off the plasterboard is re-absorbed into the concrete, where it
AS1276 gives a set contour that is positioned over the STL
dissipates, as a tiny amount of heat. Designing Masonry Walls for
results so that the total of points above the results and below
the contour (deficiencies) does not exceed 32. Lightweight concrete masonry performs relatively poorly
Acoustic Performance
Rw is then read off where the contour crosses the 500Hz line. when bare. When lined, it gives a vast improvement. Higher Building acoustics is the science of controlling noise in
The maximum 8dB deficiency, which pulled the STC contour density concrete units improve the Rw of the bare wall, but buildings, including the minimisation of noise transmission
down, is not used for Rw. when plasterboard is daub fixed, the amount of improvement from one space to another and the control of noise levels and
decreases as the concrete units begin to behave similarly to characteristics within a space. The term ‘building acoustics’
Instead, there are two numbers after Rw, eg: Rw45 (-1; -5). clay. embraces sound insulation and sound absorption. The two Sound Insulation
The first figure in the brackets is an indication of deterioration functions are quite distinct and should not be confused. Any wall system that separates one dwelling from another, or
due to high frequency noise (eg. a blender). The second figure Masonry with Plasterboard on
that separates one room from another, should be selected to
indicates deterioration due to low frequency noise (eg. low Furring Channels Noise has been defined as sound which is undesired by
provide a sufficient level of insulation against noise.
speed trucks, bass guitar, or home cinema speakers). the recipient, but it is very subjective and it depends on
Furring channels are rollformed galvanised metal battens to
the reactions of the individual. However, when a noise is There are two types of noise transfer through partitions,
which plasterboard can be fixed, using self tapping screws.
Impact Sound Resistance troublesome it can reduce comfort and efficiency and, if a airborne transfer, and structure-borne transfer. Both may need
Popular products include Rondo rollformed steel furring
From May 2004, the BCA requires impact rated walls to be of person is subjected to it for long enough periods, it can result to be considered in order to achieve the desired result.
channel (N°129 which is 28mm deep) or (N°308 which is
‘discontinuous construction’. in physical discomfort or mental distress.
16mm deep). Noise sources, such as voices, televisions and musical
An impact rating is required for walls where a wet area (including a In the domestic situation, a noisy neighbour can be one of the instruments, generate noise in the air in one room, and this
Furring channels increase the gap between masonry and
kitchen) is opposite a habitable room in an adjoining apartment. main problems experienced in attached dwellings. The best noise passes through the partition and into the room on the
plasterboard, making it harder for resonating energy to build
defence against noise must be to ensure that proper precautions other side. This is known as airborne noise.
Masonry with Render up pressure on the board.
are taken at the design stage and during construction of a
Plumbing and electrical services can be fitted into this gap, As we know, some partitions are better than others at isolating
Acoustic performance with single leaf rendered masonry building. This means that the correct acoustic climate must
avoiding the need to “chase” recesses into the masonry. airborne noise. In order to simply compare the isolating
follows the ‘Mass Law’. The acoustic performance of these walls be provided in each space and that noise transmission levels
performance of partitions Rw rating was developed. A partition
depends on their mass. More mass gives better performance. are compatible with the usage. Remedial measures, after
A further increase of 3 or 4dB can be achieved with Tontine with a high Rw rating isolates sound better than a partition with
The relationship is logarithmic: If a 110mm wall gives Rw45, a occupation, can be expensive and inconvenient. Ideally, the
TSB3 polyester (or equivalent) insulation in the cavity between a low Rw rating. If we compare two partitions, and one has an
230mm wall of the same brick may give Rw57, and a 450mm sound insulation requirements for a building should take into
the plasterboard and masonry. Rw which is 10 rating points higher, then the noise passing
wall may give Rw63. account both internal and external sound transmission.
through the wall with the higher Rw will be about half the
Another increase of 3 to 5dB can be achieved with a second
Cavity walls behave differently. Sound waves can resonate in loudness when compared with the noise passing through the
layer of plasterboard, fixed with grab screws to the first layer,
cavities. The narrower the cavity becomes, the more resonance wall with the lower Rw.
(and no gaps).
occurs. Insulation in the cavity helps absorb resonating sound.
The Rw ratings are obtained from tests carried out in certified
Narrow cavities should have bond breaker board to prevent mortar Boral Plasterboard now make ‘SoundStop’, a higher density board.
laboratories, under controlled conditions. When identical
from providing a bridge for sound to travel between leaves.
partitions are part of buildings and tested in-situ, it is often
found that the actual Rw rating obtained, usually called the
Weighted Standardised Level Difference (Dnt,w), is lower than
D2 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 D3
Acoustic Design Acoustic Design
1 D4 1 D5
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 D South Australia Book 1 D
the laboratory Rw. This reduction in performance can be due to Boral Acousticell blocks have extremely high absorption rates For a sealant to be effective at controlling noise passing through IMPORTANT: The use of expanding foam sealants is not
flanking paths (that is to say that noise also passes through (90%) at low frequency. Refer to Acousticell product page in gaps, it must have the following properties. acceptable.
other parts of the building) or may be due to poor detailing such this guide and the Boral Masonry Block Guide.
• Good flexibility, elastic set Reference should be made to the manufacturer to ensure the
as incorrect installation of pipes, power points etc.
The porous surface and lightweight aggregates in lightweight • Low hardness particular type or grade of sealant is suitable for the purpose.
Structure-borne Noise and Weighted masonry give it high sound absorption values (> 50%) across • Excellent adhesion, usually to concrete, timber, plaster
all frequencies. Refer to the ‘Lightweight’ product page in the and galvanised steel Noise Flanking
Normalised Impact Sound Pressure Level
Fire Rated Walls section of this guide. • Minimal shrinkage (less than 5%) It is beyond the scope of this manual to provide full details for
(L’n,w) control of all flanking paths. However, flanking can significantly
• Moderate density (greater than 800kg/m3), and
When a building element is directly, or indirectly, impacted or Sound Isolation Criteria reduce the perceived isolation of a wall system and should
vibrated then some of the energy passes through the partition • Fire rated where required (All walls required by the BCA
From May 2004, the Building Code of Australia (BCA) therefore be given careful consideration.
to be sound rated also have fire ratings)
and is re-radiated as noise to the room on the other side. This specifications for minimum levels of sound isolation have
is called structure-borne noise or impact noise. Typical flanking paths are shown in the Fig D1.
been increased. These increased specifications are: All of the above properties must be maintained over the useful
life of the building, that is, greater than 20 years.
For walls, the most common sources of structure-borne noise are: • Unit to corridor or stairs Rw ≥ 50
• Cupboard doors, fixed to party walls, being closed Examples of a suitable sealant include: Acoustic Performance On-Site
• Unit to unit Rw + Ctr ≥ 50
• Bostik Findley — Fireban One Laboratory Test results are achieved under ideal controlled
• Kitchen appliances being used on benches touching walls
• Where a wet area of one unit adjoins a habitable room conditions, and estimates are calculated from known
• Boral Plasterboard Fyreflex
• Plumbing fittings, particularly taps, being connected to walls in another unit, the wall construction must ‘be of a performance, experience and computer simulation programs.
• Boral Plasterboard WR Sealant
discontinuous type.’ To repeat the performance in the field, attention to detail in the
• Light switches being turned on and off, and • Tremco synthetic rubber acoustical sealant
design and construction of the partition and its adjoining floor/
• Dishwashers, washing machines, clothes dryers etc. • Some silicone sealants and
touching walls Guidelines for Optimum • Some acrylic latex sealants
ceiling and associated structure is of prime importance. Even
the most basic principles, if ignored, can seriously downgrade
Walls satisfy ‘impact’ or structure-borne noise isolation either by Performance the sound insulation performance of a building element.
conforming to the ‘deemed to satisfy’ provisions of the Building
To achieve the optimum performance for a wall system, the
Code of Australia ‘Impact Sound’ or ‘Test of Equivalence’, using a
exact construction as specified including perimeter sealing must
single number description for impact insulation or the Opinion
be adopted.
of a suitably qualified acoustic engineer.
Any variations from the systems detailed in this guide should
The generally accepted test for impact is Weighted Normalised Through ventilation Through windows, doors,
be approved by the project acoustic consultant as it can and service ducts gaps and air leaks
Impact Sound Pressure Level or L’ n,w. In this method of
increase or decrease the acoustical isolation of wall systems. Through
interpreting impact sound resistance, lower values represent ceilings and the
above ceiling
better impact insulation. Installation cavity
Another single number description used for impact is the Impact Unless careful attention to installation detail is followed,
Insulation Class or IIC. When used for walls it may be called WIIC significant reductions in sound isolation can occur, particularly
Through
for laboratory testing or WFIIC for field testing. Unfortunately, as with high performance walls. The following need to be taken perimeter joints
between the wall
there are different test methods used to obtain the impact rating into account. and floor, or the
wall and ceiling
for walls, results cannot always be directly compared. (or underside of
Perimeter Acoustical Sealing the floor slab) or
wall junctions
The larger the value of the WIIC the better the impact It should be noted that as the sound isolation performance
insulation. of a partition increases, then the control of flanking paths
Through back to
becomes more critical. Consequently, the perimeter sealing back cupboards
Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) Through light
requirements for a low sound rating wall, such as Rw30, are switches, or GPO's,
Designers of theatres, music rooms and power transformer much less than for a high sound rating wall, such as Rw60. located in the wall,
poor sealing at
enclosures etc may often choose materials which have an However, it is neither necessary, nor is it cost effective, penetrations
efficient sound absorption value and incorporate them within to provide very high perimeter acoustic sealing for a low
Through floors
the building design. The level of sound absorption for material rating Rw wall. The perimeter isolation for each leaf must be and the below
floor crawl
is stated as the NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient). This value commensurate with the acoustic isolation of the leaf. It cannot space
is derived as a result of acoustic testing on the material, and be over emphasised, however, that for high performance walls,
Through shared building elements such as floor boards, floor
determined by calculation from the average amount of sound the sealing of each leaf must be virtually airtight. joists, continuous plasterboard walls, continuous plasterboard
ceilings, and even continuous concrete walls and floors
energy absorbed over a range of frequencies between 250Hz
and 2000Hz. Fig D1 — Flanking Paths
D4 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 D5
Acoustic Design
1 D6
PAGE
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 D Boral MASONRY
Boral Masonry cannot guarantee that field performance ratings Appliances

will match laboratory or estimated opinions. However, with
In cases where sound insulation is important, noise producing
careful attention during erection of the wall, correct installation
fixtures or appliances such as water closets, cisterns, water
to specification and proper caulking/sealing, the assembly
storage tanks, sluices, dishwashers, washing machines and
should produce a field performance close to and comparable with

pumps should be repositioned or isolated from the structure
tested or estimated values. Apart from installation procedures,
with resilient mountings and flexible service leads and
workmanship and caulking, the following items can also affect
connections.
the acoustic performance on site.
Where fittings are duplicated on opposite sides of partitions,
Doors they should be offset.
Hollow, cored and even solid doors generally provide
Electrical Outlets and Service Pipes structural, fire and acoustics south australia BOOK 1
unsatisfactory sound insulation between rooms. Doors can
Electrical outlets, switch boxes and similar penetrations should
also provide direct air leaks between rooms thus having a bad
not be placed back to back. If power outlets are installed back-
e fire and acoustic systems
effect on the overall sound insulation of the partition in which
they are inserted. The higher the insulation of the partition, to-back, they will create a flanking path or sound leak. Seal
backs and sides of boxes and the perimeter of all penetrations
1
the worse is the effect of doors.
with acoustic sealant.
Where sound insulation is important, specialised heavyweight
doors or, preferably, two doors separated by an absorbent lined Penetrations should be avoided where sound insulation is
airspace or lobby should be used. important. This includes recessed fittings or ducts such as
skirting heating, electrical or telephone wiring trunking, light
Lightweight Panels Above Doors fittings, inter-communication systems and alarms, medical and
These are often incorporated for aesthetic reasons, however, laboratory gas outlets. Plumbing connections between fittings
the performance of a partition with good sound insulation can or appliances on opposite sides of a partition offer a path for
be considerably degraded by lightweight panels. transmission of sound and should be sealed. If possible introduce
discontinuity in the pipework between fittings, such as a flexible
Air Paths Through Gaps, Cracks or Holes connection within or on the line of a partition.
Gaps, cracks or openings, however small, readily conduct
airborne sounds and can considerably reduce the sound
insulation of a construction.
Home Cinema Rooms
Boral Masonry and Plasterboard divisions have a number
of high performance wall systems which have been
Noise paths specifically developed for home cinema applications.
through vents
or lightweight Please contact Boral Masonry for additional assistance and
decorative panels
information on the available solutions, or visit the website:
www.boral.com.au/cinemazone for solutions using Boral
masonry products.
Noise paths
through lightweight
panel doors
Noise paths
through vents
Noise paths
through gaps
Fig D2 — Flanking Paths
Fig D3 — Acoustic Performance Overview

E
D6 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE
Fire and Acoustic Systems Fire and Acoustic Systems
1 E2 1 E3
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
South Australia Book 1 E South Australia Book 1 E
Boral Fire and Acoustic Masonry Wall Systems Acoustic Systems Data When information is provided in the table, it is tabulated, under
the System Headings of {, |, }, ~, and .
This section of the Boral Masonry Design Guide contains The following illustration details typical page layouts and the Acoustic performance information for six of the most popular
The following Table details the wall lining and insulation
detailed information on the fire and acoustic performance of type and location of information you may need to complete wall lining systems may be provided within the Product
information for these six systems, and provides thickness
Boral masonry products, and provides System Solutions for fire your product selection and wall design. Specification Tables on the following product pages.
information to assist wall thickness calculation.
and acoustic wall designs.
Alternatively, you may be referred to more detailed test
Acoustic performance estimates have been calculated by
information and alternative lining systems.
Wilkinson Murray (Acoustic Consultants).
LINING BORAL MASONRY

Finding Acoustic Systems and SYSTEM WALL LINING BRICK OR BLOCK WALL LINING
Refer to
Technical Specifications product pages
As per product pages
Product
Name Product Introduction
and Application Product Specific
{ • 13mm Render Masonry
Thickness
+26mm
• 13mm Render
Information Acoustic Test Results

Product Icons with
and Wall Lining System
dimensions for
Information
products available
in your region/state Product Identification
| • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed Masonry
Thickness
+32mm
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed
Fire & Acoustic Systems Fire & Acoustic Systems

• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed
South Australia Book 1 E
1 E11 South Australia Book 1 E
1 E12 • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
162
162 FireLight Superceltex (FL) 110mm Celtex Hollow FireLight Block acoustic tests
} • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed Masonry
Thickness
+59mm
•
•
Standard Clips at 1200mm centres
Tontine TSB3 insulation in cavity
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION ACOUSTIC DESIGN
ACOUSTIC DESIGN
110 230
230 ACOUSTIC
ACOUSTIC 110mm
110 Boral Masonry
Masonry South
South Australia
Australia is
is CONSIDERATIONS
Boral CONSIDERATIONS 110mm
RATING
RATING
SUPCXH —— FL
SUPCXH FL constantly developing
developing new new and
and FireLight Superceltex
Superceltex bricks
bricks are
are not
not WALL
WALL LINING
LINING FIRELIGHT
FIRELIGHT WALL
WALL LINING
LINING
Superceltex Hollow
Superceltex
FireLight
FireLight
Hollow
constantly
innovative products.
innovative products. FireLight
FireLight
FireLight
recommended for
recommended for cement
cement rendered
rendered
Rw
R w (c,
(c, ctr)
ctr)
Boral Test
Test Nº
Nº
SUPCXH
SUPCXH FL
FL Masonry or 1 x 6mm Villaboard™ screw fixed over
Boral
Superceltex bricks
Superceltex bricks utilise
utilise aa unique
unique acoustic walls,
acoustic walls, but
but gives
gives excellent
excellent
Thickness
low-density blended
low-density blended concrete
concrete sound resistance
sound resistance with
with aa wide
wide variety
variety 50
50 •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard screw
screw fixed
fixed
+84mm • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed
~
(-2, -8)
-8) •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard daub to
to 28mm
28mm furring
furring channels
channels at
at 600mm
600mm
material which
which provides
provides high
high fire
fire of tested
tested board-lining
board-lining systems.
systems. (-2, daub
material
rated performance
performance together
together with
with
of Opinion based
Opinion based onon test
test fixed at
fixed at 500mm
500mm centres
centres 169mm
centres
centres on
on STANDARD
STANDARD clips
clips with
with
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed or • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres
rated 02154-T013 169mm Tontine
Tontine TSB3
TSB3 inin cavity
cavity
Celtex Hollow
Hollow FireLight
FireLight (FL)
(FL) 02154-T013
minimum weight.
weight. Celtex
minimum The first
first diagram
diagram onon the
the following
following
The
52 •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard screw
screw fixed
Wall Cross +77mm
• Boral Impact Clips at 1200mm centres
fixed
FireLight Superceltex
FireLight Superceltex bricks
bricks are
are ideal
ideal page E12,
page E12, complies
complies withwith thethe 52 •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard to
to 28mm
28mm furring
furring channels
channels at
at 600mm
600mm
(-2, -8)
(-2, -8) daub fixed
for non-loadbearing
non-loadbearing applications
applications such
such BCA: 2005
2005 requirement
requirement of of Rw50
Rw50 daub fixed at
at 500mm
500mm centres
centres centres
centres on
on Boral
Boral Impact
Impact Clips
Clips with
with
for BCA: Test 02154-T013
02154-T013
section Icon
181mm Tontine
Test 181mm Tontine TSB3
TSB3 in
in cavity
cavity
as walls
as walls in
in concrete
buildings and
concrete framed
framed office
and high-rise
high-rise home
office
home units.
units.
for unit-to-corridor
for unit-to-corridor and
walls (Standard
(Standard clips
and unit-to-stair
clips are
unit-to-stair
are much
much more
more • Tontine TSB3 insulation in cavity
buildings
Superceltex bricks
bricks are
are
walls
economical than
economical than impact
impact clips).
clips).
59
59
(-2, -7)
(-2, -7) •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
daub fixed
Plasterboard
•• 13mm
13mm Boral
fixed
Boral Plasterboard
fixed over
Plasterboard screw
over 16mm
16mm
screw and Overall
FireLight Test 02154-T014
02154-T014 daub fixed at
at 500mm
500mm centres
centres
System
Test 197mm •• Otherwise,
+Ctr=52
Rw+C =52
197mm Otherwise, as
as for
for test
test above
above
230mm longlong byby 162mm
162mm high,high, The 3rd
3rd diagram
diagram complies
complies with
with BCA
BCA
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed
230mm The R w tr
equal to
to 22 courses
courses ofof standard
standard requirements for
for inter-tenacy
inter-tenacy walls
walls
equal
brick with
with mortar,
mortar, making
making them
them aa
requirements
that separate
separate two
two wet
wet areas
areas or
or two
two
57
57
(-2, -7)
-7) Thickness
• 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres
brick that (-2,

IMPACT
IMPACT
highly efficient
highly efficient and
and cost-effective
cost-effective dry areas.
dry areas. This
This is
is Rw
Rw ++ ctr 50
ctr 50 (The
(The ✓
Test 02154-T009
Test 02154-T009
construction component.
component. Impact clips
clips no
no longer
longer comply
comply with
with
Masonry
construction Impact •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard on
on 51mm
51mm
• Standard Clips at 1200mm centres • Boral Impact Clips at 1200mm centres
56
56 •• 13mm
13mm Boral
Boral Plasterboard
Plasterboard daub
daub stud,
BCA Impact
Impact requirements).
requirements). fixed at stud, 20mm
20mm clear
clear of
of masonry,
masonry, with
with
BCA (-1, -6)
-6) with
with 10mm
10mm fixed at 500mm
500mm centres
centres 210mm Tontine
The standard
standard brick
brick size
size is
is also
also made
made (-1, 210mm Tontine TSB5
TSB5
The
as aa plain
plain solid
solid unit,
unit, for
for coursing
coursing The 4th
4th diagram
diagram also
also complies
complies with
with
plasterboard both
plasterboard both sides
sides
Thickness
• Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity • Tontine TSB3 insulation in cavity
as The ✓ IMPACT
IMPACT
flexibility and
flexibility and for
for top
top course
course of
of duct
duct BCA requirements
BCA requirements for for inter-tenacy
inter-tenacy Test 02154-T010
Test 02154-T010
Rw+C
R +Ctr=50
=50 +98mm
Availability
and vent shafts walls where only
and vent shafts walls where only one one walls that
walls that separate
separate twotwo wet
wet areas
areas w tr
bead of
of mastic
mastic can
can be
be applied.
applied. or two
two dry
dry areas
areas (Rw
(Rw + + ctr
ctr 50).
50). IMPACT SOUND
SOUND RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE IMPACT = Systems
Systems comply
comply with
with BCA
bead or IMPACT ✓IMPACT = BCA requirements
requirements for
for IMPACT
IMPACT SOUND
SOUND RESISTANCE.
RESISTANCE.
information FIRE DESIGN
FIRE DESIGN
With the
With the independent
system also
system
independent stud
also has
has an
stud wall,
an IMPACT
wall, this
IMPACT rating
this
rating
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed
CONSIDERATIONS
for your CONSIDERATIONS
Superceltex bricks
bricks are
are aa fire
fire
which is required between a wet
which is required between a wet area area
FireLight
• 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres • 64mm steel studs at 600mm centres

of one
of one unit
unit and
and aa habitable
habitable room
room inin
region/state tested lightweight
tested lightweight concrete
is unique
unique to to Boral,
concrete which
Boral, and
which
and provides
provides
the other
the other unit.
unit.
Masonry •
is
excellent fire
excellent fire rating
rating characteristics.
characteristics. • Standard Clips at 1200mm centres 20mm gap required for impact rating
Thickness
• Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity +140mm
• Tontine TSB5 insulation in cavity
Availability
Availability
• No minimum order quantities apply.
• Lead time 0-2 weeks.
Acousti
Specifications c Estim
a tes wit
‡‡ Maximum
Maximum Slenderness
Slenderness Ratio
Ratio (S
(Srf)) R
rf
Rw (Estimate
w
(Estimate or or *Tested)
*Tested) R
Rw+C Ctr
w+ tr h these
Unit
Unit Nº
Nº Nº
Nº Insulation (minutes)
Insulation (minutes) With Lining
With Lining System
System
Lining Rw (Estimate or *Tested) Rw+Ctr
Product
Product ƒƒ’’uc
uc Wt
Wt per
per per
per FRL (minutes)
FRL (minutes) { ②
① |③ }④ ~
⑤ ⑥ for
for
⑥ System
Code
Code TxLxH (mm)
TxLxH (mm) MPa MPa kg kg mm22 Pallet
Pallet 6060 90
90 120 180
120 180 240 240 IMPACT
IMPACT ✓ s
120.715 CXP
120.715 CXP FL
FL 110x230x76
110x230x76 55 33 48.4 480
48.4 480 29
29 26.9 24.9
26.9 24.9 22.2
22.2 20.3
20.3 — — 45 45 5050 5656 54
54 6060 50
50
Fire & Acoustic Systems
South Australia Book 1 E

1 E4 With Lining System
PAGE
BOOK
SUPCXH-FL 110x230x162
SUPCXH-FL 110x230x162 5 5 44 24.2
24.2 224 224 120
120
{ | } ~ Refer RefertotoLining
LiningSystems
SystemsononPage
PageE3. IMPACT==Complies
E3. ✓IMPACT Complieswith
withBCA
BCArequirement
requirementforforImpact
ImpactSound
SoundResistance.
Resistance.
① ②③④⑤⑥
‡‡ == Quantity
Quantity may
may vary
vary from
from plant
plant to
to plant.
plant. Scoria Blocks
Scoria Blocks &
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
and Bricks
Bricks
Scoria Block is manufactured from a
FIRE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FIRE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Scoria Block utilises a unique scoria-
The 4th and 5th tests comply with BCA,
The 4th and 5th tests comply with BCA,
Part F5 requirements of Rw + ctr 50,
①②③④⑤⑥ for ⑥
IMPACT ✓
Scoria Block is manufactured from a Scoria Block utilises a unique scoria- Part F5 requirements of Rw + ctr 50,
scoria-blend material
material which
which reduces
reduces blend material,
material, which
which has
has been
been shown
shown for unit-to-unit
for unit-to-unit walls
walls requiring
requiring an
an impact
impact
scoria-blend blend
BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 E11 E12 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE the block
the block weight
weight and
and increases
increases the
the fire
fire through fire
through fire testing
testing to
to provide
provide excellent
excellent rating (a
rating (a wall
wall separating
separating aa wet
wet area
area of
of
Read off
performance characteristics.
performance characteristics. fire insulation
fire insulation characteristics.
characteristics. one unit
one unit from
from aa habitable
habitable room
room in
inanother
another
unit).
unit).
Scoria Block
Scoria Block is
is ideal
ideal for
for non-loadbearing
non-loadbearing Please refer
Please refer to
to the
the fire
fire performance
performance
walls of
walls of commercial,
commercial, industrial
industrial and
and high-
high- characteristics in
characteristics in the
the specifications
specifications FRACTIONAL SIZE
FRACTIONAL SIZE BLOCKS
BLOCKS
BBoorraall M
46 48 51 58 56 61 - Acoustic
rise buildings
rise buildings with
with concrete
concrete and
and portal
portal table.
table. Maassoonnrryy SSoouutthh A
Auussttrraalliiaa
framed structures.
framed structures. manufactures an
manufactures an extensive
extensive range
range of of
ACOUSTIC DESIGN
ACOUSTIC DESIGN
special purpose
special purpose blocks
blocks andand fractional
fractional
Scoria Block
Block isis also
also suitable
suitable for for CONSIDERATIONS
Performance
Scoria CONSIDERATIONS size blocks
blocks toto complement
complement the the products
products
size
Acoustic Test Lining, Framing and

loadbearing walls,
loadbearing walls, however
however the values
the SSrf values Scoria Celtex
Scoria Celtex
rf detailed onon this
this page.
page. Please
Please refer
refer to
to the
the
Acoustic
from Standard
Standard Natural
Natural and
and Designer
Designer Block
Block The 2nd
2nd test
test in
in page
page E6,
E6, complies
complies with
with detailed
from The Boral Block
Block &and Brick Guide (MDG Book
masonry units
units apply.
apply. Refer
Refer to
to Section
Section C C of
of the BCA:2005
BCA:2005 requirements
requirements for for walls
walls Boral Brick Guide (MDG Book 2)
masonry the 2) for additional information.
(Rw) from
this guide
guide for
for more
more information.
information. around aa vent
vent shaft
shaft in
in aa habitable
habitable room
room for additional information.
Result (Rw) and Insulation Description for

this around
which is
is Rw ctr 40.
Rw ++ ctr 40.
Performance
Scoria Block
Block is
is manufactured
manufactured in in 90,
90, which
Scoria
110, 140
110, 140 and
and 190mm
190mm thicknesses
thicknesses to
to The 3rd
The 3rd diagram
diagram giving
giving Rw55
Rw55 complies
complies
intersection
suit most
most types
types of
of fire
fire and/or
and/or acoustic
acoustic with the
the BCA:2005
BCA:2005 requirements
requirements forfor
Impact Isolation each side of the wall 45 48* 52 59 57 61 -

suit with
Fire Performance
wall construction.
construction. unit-to-corridor or
or stair
stair walls
walls which
which isis
Data
wall unit-to-corridor
Rw50. The
Rw50. The standard
standard clips
clips used
used in
in this
this
of product
test are
test are much
much more
more economical
economical than
than
Information (IIC)
impact clips.
clips.
Data
impact
Availability
Availability
•• No
No minimum
minimum order
order quantities
quantities apply.
apply.
row and
•• Lead
Lead time
time 0-2
0-2 weeks.
weeks.
Specifications
lining system
Rw
Maximum Slenderness Ratio (Srf)) R (Estimate or
or *Tested)
*Tested) R
Rw+ Ctr
‡‡ Maximum Slenderness Ratio (Srf w (Estimate w+C tr
With Lining
Lining System
System
46 47 50 57 55 60 -
Unit
Unit N°
N° N°
N° Insulation (minutes)
Insulation (minutes) With
FRL (minutes)
(minutes)
Product
Product
Product ƒƒ’’ uc
uc Wt
Wt per per
per per FRL {②
① |③ }④ ~⑤ ⑥ for ⑥
for
column
Code
Code Type
Type MPa
MPa kg
kg mm22 Pallet
Pallet 6060 90
90 120 180
120 180 240
240 IMPACT ✓
IMPACT
10.331 Full
10.331 Full 55 13.5
13.5 12.5 126
12.5 126 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 21.5
21.5 19.7
19.7 46 48
46 48 51
51 58
58 56
56 61
61 --
180
Specifications
180
SUPCXC SB
SUPCXC SB 66 7.0
7.0 24.3
24.3 224
224 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 21.5
21.5 19.7
19.7 45 48*
45 48* 52
52 59
59 57
57 61
61 --
240
240
15.301
15.301 Full
Full 55 12.8
12.8 12.5
12.5 95
95 22.6
22.6 22.6 22.6
22.6 22.6 21.5
21.5 19.7
19.7 46 47
46 47 50
50 57
57 55
55 60
60 --
180
180
20.401
20.401 Full Hollow
Full Hollow 55 15.3
15.3 12.5
12.5 90
90 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 22.6
22.6 21.5
21.5 19.7
19.7 48 49
48 49 52
52 59
59 57
57 62
62 50
50
240
240
48 49 52 59 57 62 50
{②
① |③
}④~⑤
⑥Refer
RefertotoLining
LiningSystems
Systemson
onPage
PageE3.
E3.
✓ IMPACT == Complies
IMPACT Complies with
with BCA
BCA requirement
requirement for
for Impact
Impact Sound
Sound Resistance.
Resistance.
‡‡ == Quantity
Quantity may
may vary
vary from
from plant
plant to
to plant.
plant.
E4 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE
E2 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE | September 2007 E3
1 E4 1 E5
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Scoria Blocks and Bricks Scoria Blocks and Bricks

INTRODUCTION FIRE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The 4th and 5th tests comply with BCA,
Scoria Block is manufactured from a Scoria Block utilises a unique scoria- Part F5 requirements of Rw + ctr ≥ 50, Series 100 Series 120
scoria-blend material which reduces blend material, which has been shown for unit-to-unit walls requiring an impact Full Height Solid Half Height Solid
the block weight and increases the fire through fire testing to provide excellent rating (a wall separating a wet area of
performance characteristics. fire insulation characteristics. one unit from a habitable room in another
unit). 190
Scoria Block is ideal for non-loadbearing Please refer to the fire performance 90
162
76
walls of commercial, industrial and high- characteristics in the specifications FRACTIONAL SIZE BLOCKS
390 390
rise buildings with concrete and portal table. Boral Masonry South Australia 90 90 110 230 230
110
framed structures. manufactures an extensive range of 10.331 10.383 120.715 CXP SB SUPCXC SB
ACOUSTIC DESIGN
special purpose blocks and fractional Full Half Height Plain Brick — Scoria Superceltex Scoria
Scoria Block is also suitable for CONSIDERATIONS
size blocks to complement the products
loadbearing walls, however the Srf values Scoria Celtex
detailed on this page. Please refer to the
from Standard Natural and Designer Block The 2nd test in page E6, complies with
Boral Block and Brick Guide (MDG Book
masonry units apply. Refer to Section C of the BCA:2005 requirements for walls
2) for additional information.
this guide for more information. around a vent shaft in a habitable room
Scoria Block is manufactured in 90,

which is Rw + ctr ≥ 40. Series 150
110, 140 and 190mm thicknesses to The 3rd diagram giving Rw55 complies Full Height Half Height Solid
suit most types of fire and/or acoustic with the BCA:2005 requirements for
wall construction. unit-to-corridor or stair walls which is
190
Rw50. The standard clips used in this 90
test are much more economical than
impact clips. 390 140
390
140
Availability 15.301 15.483
Full Half Height
Specifications
‡ Maximum Slenderness Ratio (Srf) Rw (Estimate or *Tested) Rw+Ctr
Insulation (minutes) With Lining System
Product ƒ ’ uc
Unit
Wt
N°
per
N°
per FRL (minutes) �� for � Series 200
Code Type MPa kg m2 Pallet 60 90 120 180 240 IMPACT �
Full Height
10.331 Full 5 13.5 12.5 126 22.6 22.6 22.6 21.5 19.7 46 48 51 58 56 61 -
180
SUPCXC SB 6 7.0 24.3 224 22.6 22.6 22.6 21.5 19.7 45 48* 52 59 57 61 - 190
240
15.301 Full 5 12.8 12.5 95 22.6 22.6 22.6 21.5 19.7 46 47 50 57 55 60 - 190 390
180
20.401
20.401 Full Hollow 5 15.3 12.5 90 22.6 22.6 22.6 21.5 19.7 48 49 52 59 57 62 50 Full
240
� � � � � � Refer to Lining Systems on Page E3.

�IMPACT = Complies with BCA requirement for Impact Sound Resistance.
‡ = Quantity may vary from plant to plant.
1 E6 1 E7
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Acoustic Systems - Scoria Superceltex SB Natural Block Hollow and Core Fill
ACOUSTIC INTRODUCTION ACOUSTIC DESIGN The 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th tests comply
110mm Boral blocks have been an integral part CONSIDERATIONS with BCA, Part F5 requirements of
RATING WALL LINING WALL LINING
Scoria Celtex SB of Australia’s construction industry for Boral Concrete Blocks being of a relatively Rw + ctr ≥ 50, for unit-to-unit walls
Rw (c, ctr)
more than 3 decades, and continue to dense material provide inherent sound requiring an impact rating (a wall
provide cost effective, practical and resistance. This performance may be separating a wet area of one unit from
48
(-1, -6)
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed at • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed engineered solutions for the full spectrum sufficient for many applications without a habitable room in another unit). The
500mm centres at 500mm centres
T621-05S22 of construction applications. enhancement. Where higher performance 30mm cavity (as tested) saves 20mm over
142mm
is required, the addition of render is the deemed-to-satisty provisions in the
All Natural Block and ‘Core Fill Block’
effective while board-lining systems BCA. The “MPB” board is to restrain the
47 products are manufactured to AS/
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed at
• Bare Wall (vent) using furring systems and Boral Impact mortar from the 2nd leaf and prevent it
(-1, -6) 500mm centres one side only NZS4455 ‘Masonry units and segmental
T621-05S21 Clips or plasterboard on light-weight from bridging the cavity and transferring
126mm
pavers 1997’ using modern high pressure
studs and polyester insulation materials vibrations to the first leaf.
moulding techniques and controlled
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed can provide high acoustic insulation.
55 dense-weight concrete materials. FRACTIONAL SIZE BLOCKS
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed at • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres Please refer to acoustic test/ estimate
(-4, -10) 500mm centres
Boral Masonry South Australia
• Standard Clips at 1200mm centres Natural blocks are manufactured in 90, data for appropriate systems.
T621-05S20 manufactures an extensive range of
169mm 110, 140, 190, and 290mm thicknesses
Denseweight Superceltex special purpose blocks and fractional
61 to suit most wall construction
• 1 x 13mm Wet Area Boral Plasterboard The first diagram on page E10 complies size blocks to complement the products
(-4, -11) screw fixed to 70mm pine studs 20mm
applications.
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed at with the BCA:2005 requirements for detailed on this page.
T621-05S19 500mm centres clear of masonry
IMPACT • Tontine TSB6 insulation in cavity FIRE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS walls around a vent shaft in a habitable
Rw+Ctr=50 229mm
The fire resistance performance of room which is Rw + ctr ≥ 40.
62 Boral concrete blocks is determined as
• 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw The 5th diagram giving Rw50 complies
(-4, -10) per AS3700 : 2001 Section 6. These
• 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres fixed to 70mm pine studs 20mm clear of with the BCA:2005 requirements for
T621-05S17
• Standard Clips at 1200mm centres masonry products can provide adequate fire
IMPACT • Tontine TSB6 insulation in cavity unit-to-corridor or stair walls which is
• Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity performance for many common fire
Rw+Ctr=52 Rw50. The standard clips used in this
256mm rated wall applications. Please also
test are much more economical than
refer to fire performance graphs and
IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE IMPACT = Systems comply with BCA requirements for IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE. impact clips.
design information in Sections A and
B of this guide for additional selection
information.
1 E8 1 E9
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Specifications Natural Block Hollow and Core Fill

‡ Maximum Slenderness Ratio (Srf) Rw (Estimate or *Tested) Rw+Ctr
Product ƒ ’ uc
Unit
Wt
N°
per
N°
per
Insulation (minutes)
FRL (minutes)
With Lining System
�� for �
Series 100 Series 120
Code Type MPa kg m2 Pallet 60 90 120 180 240 IMPACT� Full Height Full Height Solid
10.01 Hollow 10 9.8 12.5 158 18 17 16 15.5 15 46 46 50 57 55 60 -
190 190 76 76
10.31 Solid 90 10 14.1 12.5 126 18 17 16 15.5 15 47 47 51 58 56 61 - 90 76
110 230 110 230
60 � 390 290 110 230
390 90
CELT Hollow 10 7.6 24.3 224 18 17 16 15.5 15 46 46 50 57 55 60 - 90 90
SU/TR 90 � 10.01 10.31 10.735 CELT FR CELT TNF CELT TR

Full Full Solid Modular Celtex Frog Celtex Solid Render Traditional
15.01 Hollow 10 13.3 12.5 95 18 17 16 15.5 15 47 47 51 58 56 61 - Render
60
20.01 Hollow 10 15.9 12.5 90 18 17 16 15.5 15 48 48 52 59 57 62 50 Series 120
60 �
15.91 Grout Filled 15 11.9 12.5 95 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 53 51 56 63 61 66 52
120 �
Connex Grout Filled 15 13.8 12.5 95 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 53 51 56 63 61 66 52
150 180 162 162 162 162
20.91 Grout Filled 15 14.5 12.5 75 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 56 55 60 67 65 69 54
230 230 110 230 230
240 110 110
110
Connex Grout Filled 15 16.0 12.5 75 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 56 55 60 67 65 69 54 CELT SU CELT SUTR CELT SU HO CELT SU HO TR
200 240 Superceltex Cored Super Traditionals Core Superceltex Super Traditionals Hollow
Hollow
30.91 Grout Filled 15 21.7 12.5 50 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 59 59 64 71 69 72 56
240
� � � � � � Refer to Lining Systems on Page E3. �IMPACT = Complies with BCA requirement for Impact Sound Resistance.
Series 150
� Additional Insulation with � Lining System (13mm render both sides). ‡ = Quantity may vary from plant to plant. Full Height Core Fill Block
Availability
• Please refer to the Boral Masonry Blocks 190
and Bricks Guide (MDG Book 2) for detailed 190 200
availability information on these products.
390
140 390 400
140 150
15.01 15.91 Connex 150

Full Double ‘U’ Block
Series 200 Series 300

Full Height Core Fill Block Core Fill Block
190 190
190 200
390 290 390

190 190 390 400
200
20.01 20.91 Connex 200 30.91

Full Double ‘U’ Block Double ‘U’ Block
1 E10 1 E11
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
Acoustic Systems - Super Celtex Concrete 162 FireLight Superceltex (FL)

INTRODUCTION ACOUSTIC DESIGN
230
ACOUSTIC 110
Boral Masonry South Australia is CONSIDERATIONS
110mm
RATING SUPCXH — FL constantly developing new and FireLight Superceltex bricks are not
WALL LINING SUPER CELTEX WALL LINING
Rw (c, ctr) Superceltex Hollow
CORED FireLight innovative products. FireLight recommended for cement rendered
Boral Test Nº
Superceltex bricks utilise a unique acoustic walls, but gives excellent
low-density blended concrete sound resistance with a wide variety
46
(-2, -6) • 1 x 16mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed • Nil (Vent) material which provides high fire of tested board-lining systems.
Opinion based rated performance together with
126mm
on test 184 Celtex Hollow FireLight (FL)
minimum weight.
The first diagram on the following
46 FireLight Superceltex bricks are ideal page E12, complies with the
(-1, -5) • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed
Test 183 142mm for non-loadbearing applications such BCA: 2005 requirement of Rw50
as walls in concrete framed office for unit-to-corridor and unit-to-stair
buildings and high-rise home units. walls (Standard clips are much more
48
(-2, -6) • 13mm Render • 13mm Render economical than impact clips).
FireLight Superceltex bricks are
Test 197 136mm
230mm long by 162mm high, The 3rd diagram complies with BCA
equal to 2 courses of standard requirements for inter-tenacy walls
52 • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres brick with mortar, making them a that separate two wet areas or two
(-2, -8) • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub fixed
Test 185 181mm
• Boral Impact Clips at 1200mm centres highly efficient and cost-effective dry areas. This is Rw + ctr ≥ 50 (The
construction component. Impact clips no longer comply with
50 • 1 x 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed BCA Impact requirements).
The standard brick size is also made
(-2, -8) • 28mm furring channel at 600mm centres
• 1 x 13mm Plasterboard daub fixed as a plain solid unit, for coursing The 4th diagram also complies with
Opinion based 169mm
• STANDARD Clips at 1200mm centres
on test 185 • Tontine TSB3 insulation in cavity flexibility and for top course of duct BCA requirements for inter-tenacy
59 and vent shafts walls where only one walls that separate two wet areas
• Nil Lining
(-1, -4) bead of mastic can be applied. or two dry areas (Rw + ctr ≥ 50).
• 2 leaves Superceltex Cored Concrete Bricks • Nil Lining
IMPACT
Test 237 • 30mm cavity with Tontine TBL 10/25 250mm With the independent stud wall, this
insulation and MPB board FIRE DESIGN
Rw+Ctr=55 system also has an IMPACT rating
CONSIDERATIONS
62 • Nil Lining • 1 x 13mm Boral Soundstop Plasterboard which is required between a wet area
(-3, -9) screw fixed FireLight Superceltex bricks are a fire
IMPACT
• 2 leaves Superceltex Cored Concrete Bricks
• 16mm furring channel at 600mm centres of one unit and a habitable room in
• 30mm cavity between with Tontine TBL 281mm tested lightweight concrete which
Test 239 • Boral Standard Clips at 1200mm cts the other unit.
10/25 insulation and MPB board is unique to Boral, and provides
Rw+Ctr=53 • Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity
excellent fire rating characteristics.
• 1 x 13mm Boral Soundstop Plasterboard • 30mm cavity between with Tontine TBL
64 screw fixed 10/25 insulation and MPB board
(-4, -9) • 16mm furring channel at 600mm centres • 1 x 13mm Boral Soundstop Plasterboard
IMPACT • Boral Standard Clips at 1200mm cts screw fixed
Test 238 312mm
• Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity • Boral Standard Clips at 1200mm centres Availability
Rw+Ctr=55 • 2 leaves Superceltex Cored Concrete Bricks • Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity • No minimum order quantities apply.
66 • Nil Lining • 1 x 13mm Boral Soundstop Plasterboard

(-2, -7)
IMPACT
• 2 leaves Superceltex Cored Concrete Bricks
• 30mm cavity between with Tontine TBL
•
294mm •
16mm furring channel at 600mm centres
Boral Standard Clips at 1200mm centres
Specifications
Test 240 • Tontine TSB2 insulation in cavity
Rw+Ctr=59
10/25 insulation and MPB board ‡ Maximum Slenderness Ratio (Srf) Rw (Estimate or *Tested) Rw+Ctr
Unit Nº Nº Insulation (minutes) With Lining System
IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE IMPACT= Systems comply with BCA requirements for IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE. Product ƒ’ uc Wt per per FRL (minutes) � � � � � � for �
Code TxLxH (mm) MPa kg m2 Pallet 60 90 120 180 240 IMPACT �
120.715 CXP FL 110x230x76 5 3 48.4 480 29 26.9 24.9 22.2 20.3 — 45 50 56 54 60 50

SUPCXH-FL 110x230x162 5 4 24.2 224 120
� � � � � � Refer to Lining Systems on Page E3. �IMPACT = Complies with BCA requirement for Impact Sound Resistance.
‡ = Quantity may vary from plant to plant.
1 E12 1 E13
PAGE
PAGE
BOOK
BOOK
NOTES
110mm Celtex Hollow FireLight Block acoustic tests

ACOUSTIC
110mm
RATING
WALL LINING FIRELIGHT WALL LINING
Rw (c, ctr)
SUPCXH FL
Boral Test Nº
50 • 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed

(-2, -8) • 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub to 28mm furring channels at 600mm
Opinion based on test fixed at 500mm centres centres on STANDARD clips with
169mm Tontine TSB3 in cavity
02154-T013
• 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw fixed

52 • 13mm Boral Plasterboard to 28mm furring channels at 600mm
(-2, -8) daub fixed at 500mm centres centres on Boral Impact Clips with
Test 02154-T013 181mm Tontine TSB3 in cavity
59 • 13mm Boral Plasterboard screw

(-2, -7) • 13mm Boral Plasterboard fixed over 16mm
Test 02154-T014 daub fixed at 500mm centres 197mm • Otherwise, as for test above
Rw+Ctr=52
57
(-2, -7)
IMPACT
Test 02154-T009
• 13mm Boral Plasterboard on 51mm
56 • 13mm Boral Plasterboard daub
stud, 20mm clear of masonry, with
(-1, -6) with 10mm fixed at 500mm centres 210mm Tontine TSB5
plasterboard both sides
IMPACT
Test 02154-T010
Rw+Ctr=50
IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE IMPACT = Systems comply with BCA requirements for IMPACT SOUND RESISTANCE.
eBC 03115 September 2007
Customer Support New South Wales

1. Stock colours Colours other than stock colours are made to order. Not all colours displayed in this brochure are available in all states.
(Contact your nearest Boral Masonry office for your area’s stock colours.) A surcharge applies to orders less than
the set minimum quantity.
2. Brochure colours The printed colours in this Masonry Design Guide are only a guide. Please ask to see a sample of your colour/texture
before specifying or ordering.
3. Colour and texture variation The supply of raw materials can vary over time. In addition, variation can occur between product types and
production batches.
4. We reserve the right to change the details in this publication without notice.
5. For a full set of Terms and Conditions of Sale please contact your nearest Boral Masonry sales office.
6. Important notice Please consult with your local council for design regulations prior to the construction of your wall. Councils in general
require those walls over 0.5m in height and/or where there is loading such as a car or house near the wall be designed and certified by a
suitably qualified engineer.
Technical Enquires
Specifier Line 1300 360 255
Internet www.boral.com.au/masonry
Orders, Product Samples and Sales Enquires

South Australia Main North Road, Pooraka, 5095 T: (08) 8262 3529
F: (08) 8260 3011
Other Regional Sales Offices

NSW Clunies Ross Street, Prospect, 2148 T: (02) 9840 2333
F: (02) 9840 2344
231 Wisemans Ferry Road Somersby 2250 T: (02) 4340 1008
F: (02) 4340 1308
ACT 16 Whyalla Street, Fyshwick, 2609 T: (02) 6239 1029
F: (02) 6280 6262
Victoria Level 1 Port IT, 63-85 Turner Street, Port Melbourne, 3207 T: (03) 9363 1944
F: (03) 9363 6008
Queensland 62 Industrial Ave, Wacol, 4076 T: (07) 3271 9292
F: (07) 3271 1581
North Queensland:
Cairns 8 Palmer Street, Portsmith, 4870 T: (07) 4035 1888
F: (07) 4035 1208
Townsville 360 Bayswater Road, Garbutt, 4814 T: (07) 4725 6285
F: (07) 4725 6043
Mackay David Muir Street, Slade Point, 4740 T: (07) 4955 1155
F: (07) 4955 4130
™ Designer Block, Acousticell and Firelight are registered trademarks of Boral Masonry Limited.
® Heathstone, Ravenastone and Pyrmont are registered trademarks of Boral Masonry Limited.
® Keystone and Gardenwall are each registered trademarks of Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc.
under licence by Boral Masonry Limited. ABN 13 000 223 718
© Boral Masonry - all rights reserved 2007.

Masonry Design Guide: Structural, Fire and Acoustics South Australia Book 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Masonry Design Guide: Structural, Fire and Acoustics South Australia Book 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boral MASONRY

Build something great™

Masonry Design Guide

www.boral.com.au/masonry Updated September 2007

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2 Products @ a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A4

Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B5 Design of Core Filled and Steel Reinforced

C Fire Design 2 Go straight to the

D Acoustic Design FireLight Superceltex (FL) – – E10

Designing Masonry Walls for Acoustic Performance On-site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D5

E Fire and Acoustic Systems

Boral Engineered Blocks Boral Engineered Bricks

Boral Masonry This guide has been prepared as a comprehensive Boral

Masonry Design Guide

Section E — Fire and Acoustic Systems

A solid brick will give a lower compressive strength if crushed

Characteristic Unconfined Compressive Strength of

A wall mass ≥ 220kg/m2 is defined in BCA Volume 2 as:

20.01 concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced cores

190mm hollow (20.01) = 0.20

10mm render adds 0.02

Energy Efficiency - South Australian Houses External Wall construction options:

Two leaves of 90mm concrete masonry or…

20.01 concrete blocks with a bond beam and reinforced cores

Design of Core Filled and Boundary

Structural Design Guidelines 350 400

N12 @400 N16 @400

250 250 300

(mm) 150 200 300 (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

2700 max. Free-draining gravel

Masonry Design Guide

B20 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE

Step 2 Worked Example Step 3 Worked Example

How to Use the Boral Structural Adequacy FRL Graphs 6 6

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Walls Restrained at Top (Unrestrained Ends) 60 — 240 C17

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

FireLight (FL) - Srf ≤ 29 FireLight (FL) - Srf = 26.9

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

Height of wall between supports (m)

6 6 190mm 5.130 5.130 5.130 5.130 4.991

Height of wall between supports (m)

FireLight (FL) 110mm 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.970 2.970

190mm 90mm 2.160 2.040 1.920 1.860 1.800

Reinforced Masonry Walls

90 minutes FRL 90 minutes FRL Structural Adequacy

Slab or broad footing

Maximum vertical load on wall = 11.25 H kN/m where H is in metres.

Masonry Design Guide

C18 September 2007 | BORAL MASONRY DESIGN GUIDE

Boral Masonry cannot guarantee that field performance ratings Appliances

Masonry Design Guide

Fig D2 — Flanking Paths

Fig D3 — Acoustic Performance Overview