TEMASEK JUNIOR COLLEGE

2021 JC1 Promotional Examination

Higher 2

NAME:___________________________________________________________________

CG: ___________________ Tutor: ________________________

CHEMISTRY 9729
28 September 2021
Section B: Structured Questions (1 hour)
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional materials: Data Booklet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Name, Civics Group in all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.

Section B (40 marks)

Answer all questions.

The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.

For Examiner’s Use

Section B 1 /10
2 /10
3 /8
4 /12
Total /40

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

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SECTION B (Structured Questions)

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1 (a) The plot of second ionisation energies for 6 consecutive elements, A to F, from
Period 3 and Period 4 is shown in Fig. 1.1.

Ionisation Energy (IE) / kJ mol-1

D
C
B
A

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E Second IE

Atomic number

Fig. 1.1

(i) Define the second ionisation energy of chlorine.

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………………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Which of the elements, A to F, is chlorine? Explain your answer.

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(iii) Using the same axes in Fig. 1.1, sketch and label the first ionisation energies of
elements A to E. [1]

(b) Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, is used for a variety of antimicrobial uses, including the
disinfection of drinking water.

(i) ClO2 disproportionates with hydroxide ions, OH–(aq), to form a mixture of ClO2–
and ClO3– ions.
2ClO2 + 2OH– → ClO2– + ClO3– + H2O ------------ Reaction 1

With reference to Reaction 1, explain what is meant by disproportionation.

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………………………………………………………………………………………...[1]

(ii) Construct the ionic half-equations for Reaction 1.

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[1]

(iii) Draw the structure and name the shape of each of the ions stated in the boxes
below.

ClO2– ClO3–

Shape: Shape:

[2]
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(iv) Using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory, explain the shape of
ClO3– and suggest a value for the bond angle.

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[Total: 10]

2 In an experiment, 100 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide was decomposed to oxygen gas
using solid manganese (IV) oxide as catalyst.
2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2

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Fig. 2.1 shows the volume of oxygen gas collected over time, t, during the decomposition
of hydrogen peroxide.

200

180

160

140
Volume of oxygen / cm3

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
time, t/s

Fig. 2.1

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(a) Using Fig. 2.1, calculate the initial concentration of the hydrogen peroxide at the start
of the decomposition, assuming that oxygen gas was collected at room temperature
and pressure.

[1]

(b) Deduce from the graph the order of reaction for hydrogen peroxide. Show your
working clearly.

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[2]

(c) Write the rate equation and calculate the rate constant, k. State its units.

[2]

(d) On the same axes in Fig. 2.1, sketch the graphs you would expect if the experiment
is repeated with the following changes only.

Experiment I : Concentration of H2O2 is doubled with the use of manganese (IV)

oxide
Experiment II : Without the use of manganese (IV) oxide

Label your graphs clearly.

[2]

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(e) With the aid of a labelled diagram of Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve, explain
how the rate of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide will increase with the use of
manganese (IV) oxide.

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[Total:10]

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3 This question is about oxides of nitrogen.

(a) At 400 K, an equilibrium exists between nitrogen dioxide and its dimer, N2O4.

N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g)

A sample of pure N2O4 at a pressure of 0.33 atm was introduced into an empty vessel
and allowed to dissociate to form NO2. The total pressure at equilibrium was found to
be 0.5 atm.

(i) Write an expression for Kp for the dissociation of N2O4. State the units.

[1]

(ii) Calculate the partial pressure of nitrogen dioxide at equilibrium and hence,

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calculate a value for the Kp at 400 K.

[2]

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(b) Fig. 3.1 illustrates how the fraction of an oxide of nitrogen, X, produced in an
equilibrium mixture, varies with temperature at pressures of 3 x 107 atm and 7 x 107
atm.

Fraction of X
in equilibrium
mixture

3 x 107 atm

7 x 107 atm
Temperature/ K
Fig. 3.1

With reference to Fig. 3.1,

(i) Deduce with reasoning, whether the production of X is an exothermic or
endothermic process.

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(ii) Suggest with a reason, why the fraction of X in equilibrium mixture changes
with pressure.

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(c) Dinitrogen oxide, N2O is commonly used as an anaesthetic. At high temperatures, it

decomposes according to the following equation:

2N2O(g) → 2N2 (g) + O2 (g) ∆H = –152 kJ mol–1

The following mechanism has been proposed for the decomposition reaction:

Step 1 : 2N2O → N2O2 + N2 slow ∆H > 0

Step 2: N2O2 → N2 + O2 fast ∆H < 0

Using the information provided,

• construct the rate equation for the decomposition of N2O.

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• sketch and label clearly an energy profile diagram for the proposed mechanism.

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[3]
[Total:8]

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4 This question is about molecules with molecular formula C4H8.

(a) A is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that exists as a pair of stereoisomers. 10 cm3 of A in
the gaseous state was sparked in an oxygen-rich environment. There was a reduction
in volume of 30 cm3. When the residual gaseous mixture was treated with sodium
hydroxide solution, there was a further reduction in volume of 40 cm3.

(i) Show with clear working, the molecular formula of A is C4H8.

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[2]

(ii) Draw the stereoisomers of A.

[1]

(iii) State the type of stereoisomerism in (a)(ii) and explain how this type of isomerism
arises.

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(iv) Draw a labelled diagram to show how the orbitals overlap to form the C=C bond
in A, and state the type of hybridisation involved.

Type of hybridisation : ……………………………………. [2]

(v) The carbon-carbon bond length in butane is 0.154 nm. The carbon – carbon single
bond in A, is shorter than the carbon-carbon single bond in butane.
With reference to the types of orbitals involved in the formation of the
carbon-carbon single bond in A, explain why this carbon-carbon single bond is

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shorter than that in butane.

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(b) The structure of B, an isomer of A, is shown below.

B
(i) Describe a simple chemical test to distinguish between A and B.

Test: ………………………………………………………………………………………..

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Observation: ……………………………………………………………………………..

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[2]
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(ii) With reference to the Data Booklet, calculate the standard enthalpy change of
combustion of B.

[1]

(iii) The literature value for the standard enthalpy change of combustion of B is
-2720 kJ mol-1.

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Other than recognising that bond energy data from the Data Booklet are average
values, suggest an explanation for the difference between the literature value and
the value calculated in (b)(ii).

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[Total: 12]

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