Table 3.

5 Simulated and Computed Phase Angle

Trial Resistance (R) Inductance (L) Simulated Computed

Phase Angle Phase Angle

1 10 Ω 30mH 48.46° 48.49°

2 10 Ω 35mH 52.34° 52.83°

3 10 Ω 40mH 56.62° 56.30°

4 10 Ω 45mH 59.18° 59.38°

5 10 Ω 50mH 61.79° 61.99°

6 10 Ω 55mH 63.89° 63.43°

7 10 Ω 60mH 65.68° 65.55°

8 15 Ω 30mH 36.35° 36.86°

9 15 Ω 35mH 41.29° 41.02°

10 15 Ω 40mH 45.34° 45.00°

11 15 Ω 45mH 48.53° 48.49°

12 15 Ω 50mH 51.45° 51.34°

13 15 Ω 55mH 54.21° 54.07°

14 15 Ω 60mH 56.12° 56.30°

15 20 Ω 55mH 46.22° 46.02°

16 20 Ω 60mH 48.01° 48.50°

17 20 Ω 65mH 50.46° 50.65°

18 20 Ω 70mH 52.13° 52.64°

19 20 Ω 75mH 54.95° 54.65°

 20 20 Ω 80mH 56.18° 56.30°

Simulated Phase Angle (θ) in Computed Phase Angle (θ) in

degrees degrees
MEAN 52.46 52.49
STANDARD DEVIATION 7.33 7.27

t=mean ( simulated phase angle )−mean ¿ ¿

52.46−52.49
t=

√
2 2
7.33 7.27
+
20 20

t=−0.625

The difference of the mean of the simulated phase angle and the compute phase

angle is -0.03. For the confidence interval, 90% was used because repeated samples

will be taken.
 By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be statistically

significant. Based on the T-test table, the upper tail probability for a t-test value of

1.25 must lie between 0.25 and 0.1. At the 10% significance level, 0.097 > 0.1 ,

reject H 0.

Therefore, there is sufficient sample evidence to claim that the value of the simulated

phase angle is almost the same value of the computed phase angle.

SAMPLE COMPUTATION

Mean (Simulated Phase Angle) = Total Simulated Phase Angle / Number of Trials

Mean (Simulated Phase Angle) = (48.46° + 52.34° + 56.62° + 59.18° + 61.79° +

63.89° + 65.68° + 36.35° + 41.29° + 45.34° + 48.53° + 51.45° + 54.21° + 56.12° +

46.22° + 48.01° + 50.46° + 52.13° + 54.95° + 56.18°) / 20

Mean (Simulated Phase Angle) = 52.46

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) =

√ ∑ ( Xi−μ)2
N−1

where :

Xi=each value ¿ thetrial

μ=mean

N=number of trial
 x 1=( 48.46−52.46 )2 =16

x 2=( 52.34−52.46 )2=0.0144

2
x 3=( 56.62−52.46 ) =17.3056

x 4 =( 59.18−52.46 )2=45.1584

x 5=( 61.79−52.46 )2=87.0489

x 6=( 63.89−52.46 )2=130.6449

x 7=( 65.68−52.46 )2=174.7684

x 8=( 36.35−52.46 )2=259.5321

x 9=( 41.29−52.46 )2 =124.7689

x 10 =( 45.34−52.46 )2 =50.6944

x 11=( 48.53−52.46 )2=15.4449

x 12=( 51.45−52.46 )2 =1.0201

x 13=( 54.21−52.46 )2 =3.0625

x 14 =( 56.12−52.46 )2=13.3956

x 15 =( 46.22−52.46 )2=38.9376

x 16 =( 48.01−52.46 )2=19.8025

2
x 17 =( 50.46−52.46 ) =4

2
x 18=( 52.13−52.46 ) =0.1089

x 19 =( 54.95−52.46 )2=6.2001

x 20=( 56.18−52.46 )2=13.8384

X T =x 1 + x 2+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6+ x 7 + x 8 + x 9 + x 10+ x 11 + x 12 + x 13+ x 14 + x 15 + x 16 + x 17+ x 18 + x 19+ x 20 ¿
¿

X T =1020.7466

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) =

√ 1020.7466
20−1

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) = 7.33

Mean (Computed Phase Angle) = ( 48.49° + 52.83° + 56.30° + 59.38° + 61.99° +

63.43° + 65.55° + 36.86° + 41.02° + 45.00° + 48.49° + 51.34° + 54.07° + 56.30° +

46.02° + 48.50° + 50.65° + 52.64° + 54.65° + 56.30°) / 20

Mean (Computed Phase Angle) = 52.49

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) =

√ ∑ ( Xi−μ)2
N−1

where :

Xi=each value ¿ thetrial

μ=mean

N=number of trial

2
x 1=( 48.49−52.49 ) =16

2
x 2=( 52.83−52.49 ) =0.0025

2
x 3=( 56.30−−52.49 ) =14.5161

2
x 4 =( 59.38−52.49 ) =47.4721

2
x 5=( 61.99−52.49 ) =90.25

2
x 6=( 63.43−52.49 ) =119.6836
 2
x 7=( 65.55−52.49 ) =170.5636

2
x 8=( 36.86−52.49 ) =244.2969

2
x 9=( 41.02−52.49 ) =131.5609

2
x 10=( 45.00−52.49 ) =56.1001

2
x 11=( 48.49−52.49 ) =16

2
x 12 =( 51.34−52.49 ) =1.3225

2
x 13 =( 54.07−52.49 ) =2.4964

x 14 =( 56.30−52.49 )2=14.5161

2
x 15 =( 46.02−52.49 ) =41.8609

2
x 16 =( 48.50−52.49 ) =15.9201

x 17=( 50.65−52.49 )2 =3.3856

x 18=( 52.64−52.49 )2=0.0025

2
x 19 =( 54.65−52.49 ) =4.6656

2
x 20 =( 56.30−52.49 ) =14.5161

X T =x 1 + x 2+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + x 6+ x 7 + x 8 + x 9 + x 10+ x 11 + x 12 + x 13+ x 14 + x 15 + x 16 + x 17+ x 18 + x 19+ x 20 ¿

¿

X T =1005.1316

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) =

√ 1005.1316
20−1

Standard Deviation (Simulated Phase Angle) = 7.27