Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction to Theatre &
Performance
Introductory lecture
What is Theatre?
Overview of the module
• Part 1: What theatre is • Part 2: What theatre
(the components and can do (the influences,
how to read them) affect and effects)
– Text: use of language, – Influential ideas of
plot, character, dialogue theatre & ideologies
– Acting: how characters – The relationship
are generated & between theatre & the
presented world
– Mise‐en‐scene: how – The impact of theatre in
space & visual elements the world
are manipulated – Performance and media
WHAT IS THEATRE?
THEATRE (from the Greek word Theatron = To
Behold; a place to look)
• 1. A building or outdoor area for dramatic
performances
• 2a. The writing and production of plays
• 2b. Effective Material For The Stage (makes good
theatre)
WHAT IS THEATRE?
THEATRE (from the Greek word Theatron = To
Behold; a place to look)
• 3. A room or hall for lectures, etc
• 4. An operating theatre
• 5. A Scene or field of action (the theatre of war)
• Theatrical
– Of or for the theatre; of acting or actors
– (of a manner, speech, gesture or person) calculated for effect;
showy, artificial, affected, deliberately heightened
WHAT IS THEATRE?
There are three qualities that combine to make
theatre unique and vital
Aural + Visual + Live
It is the live aspect of theatre that makes
theatre different from film, television and other
mediatized performances
What is Theatre?
people in the same space
watching something
• Theatre is essentially a social art
enhancing and reflecting religious and
political beliefs, and moral and social
concerns as well as literature, music,
painting, and dance. Indeed, so wide is
the term of reference that theatre as
often been used as a metaphor for life
itself. (Glynne Wickam)
What is Theatre?
• As such, the theatre is itself a language,
coupling verbal with visual images, which
assists humanity to understand itself ‐‐ to
define its culture ‐‐ rather than a craft for
the gifted few or a recreation for a
privileged elite. (Glynne Wickam)
What is Theatre?
• All Theatre is make‐belief, a world of marvel
and illusions, pretended action, game or play;
yet this fairy‐tale world of artifice must be
firmly anchored in the real world (sometimes
the dream world) ‐ either through its
characters ‐‐ their speech and behaviour ‐‐ or
through the action represented, if it is to be
recognized by the audience and to awaken
any response (Glynne Wickam)
Other Ideas on Theatre
• Theatre demands the imaginative collusion of
spectators and performers to function ‐‐ “A
impersonates B while C looks on” – Eric
Bentley
• Actor = role‐playing
• Audience = willing suspension of disbelief and
acceptance of the make‐believe
Duality of theatre
• The fiction and the reality coexisting
at the same time
– The actor is neither himself nor his
character
– The site is the performance space and the
fictional space
– The performance is happening but not
happening
Duality of Theatre
• It is real by virtue of it unfolding in front of
you by people going through the actions; it is
not real because they are merely representing
and playing
• The audience and the performer constantly
grapple with this duality ‐ and depending on
the kind & genre of theatre, expectations are
constantly negotiated
Duality of Theatre
• What audience considers to be
acceptable has varied from one
period to another and is to a large
extent dependent on their
knowledge and expectations ‐‐ upon
conventions.
Duality of Theatre
• The spectrum of theatrical illusion is itself
exceptionally wide, including as it does at one
extreme an almost photographic degree of
realism in both acting and scenic
representation (imitation/mimicry) and at the
other a reliance upon emblems, symbols,
images, allusions which seem far removed
from any behaviour or environment
encountered in everyday life (expressionistic).
Duality of Theatre
• Theatre conventions are often coded ‐ a
specialized and specific kind of 'language'
& form that has meaning only released in
specific environments.
• Many theatre conventions are also
culture‐specific
events can be
replicated, but the
experience cannot
Live‐ness of Theatre
• What does it mean to be 'live'?
– To coexist with the event/phenomenon ‐
sharing the same time and space
– In the presence of …
– making the there and then into the here
and now
Live‐ness of Theatre
• Instantaneous interaction &
response
– Visceral
– Intimacy
– Participatory
Live‐ness of Theatre
• Immediate and ‘unmediated’
• Unpredictability & Risk
• The thrill of direct witness and
presentation
• Ephemerality & Uniqueness
The Elements of Theatre
• Actor ‐ Space – Audience
– The actor generates the illusion within a space ‐
the audience 'reads' the performance within the
environment and his/her context
• What about text?
– Not all theatre is text‐centred/text‐based
The Creation Cycle
• A process of encoding and decoding
– Playwright/Dramatist encodes
– Director decodes
– Designers & Actors re‐encodes
– Audience decodes
How does one decode/read theatre?
• The audience must 'read' what is
performed on stage as individual
components and as a collective
picture almost simultaneously
How does one decode/read theatre?
• Acting
– if the performer has fulfilled the requirement of
the director and the play‐text
– has the performer generated a convincing
character ‐ created a persuasive illusion?
• Mise‐en‐scene (Stage picture/composition)
– The playing space ‐ The set (if any) ‐ props ‐ sound
‐ lighting ‐ costumes
– Do they all conjure a coherent & believable
picture?