IEA Implementing Agreement for Hydropower Technologies and Programmes

Annex-2: Small-Scale Hydropower; Subtask B2 "Innovative Technologies for Small-Scale Hydro"

IEA Annex-2 STB2 Data Sheet about Innovative Technology（312-1）

1 Project Title Subject Alternate products for the Penstock (FRP/FRPM Pipe) Attachments and Additional Remarks

Table 1 Classification of FRP(M) pipes Table 2 Type of internal pressure pipes

Commercial Name FRP/FRPM Pipe
Unit: Mpa {kgf/cm 2}
Classification FRP pipe FRPM pipe Type Internal test pressure
2 Project Technological Categories 3. Construction (Civil Work, E&M)
by structure (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pipe) (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe) 2.6 {27}
Classification Type-1
Target Categories 31. Cost/Time Reduction 2.1 {21}
Classification Type-2
Key Categories 312. Use of New Materials FW pipe CC pipe FW pipe CC pipe Internal
by production method
Key Words Penstock, Steel pipes, Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Mortar pipes pressure Type-3 1.4 {14}
pipes
Type-4 1.0 {10}

3 Organizations Funding Organization Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (formerly Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry) Type-5 0.5 { 5}

Development Organization
Pro tective layer Outside protective layer
Chop layer
Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)
Hoop layer
4 Abstract Because hydropower pipes manufactured using fiberglass reinforced plastic (mortar) have a number of benefits in terms of economy at small and medium- Cut layer Strength layer
Hoop layer
scale hydropower sites and construction safety, it is planned to promote their use at small and medium-scale hydropower plants through use in power- Chop layer Inside protective layer
generating pressure pipes. Pro tective layer

(FW pipe) (CC pipe)

5 Features and Technological Performance Compared to iron pipes, they
Fig. 1 Cross section structure of FRP pipe
Advantages ・are lightweight and easy to transport
・do not require advanced installation techniques
・are excellent in terms of abrasion resistance, acid resistance, electrolytic corrosion resistance etc. Protective layer
・have a low inner surface coefficient of roughness Chop layer
・deteriorate little with age, and require almost no maintenance and repair such as coating Outside protective layer
Hoop layer Outside FRP layer
・maintain high water-tightness even in the case angular movements to joints caused by changes in the supporting soil, while still Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)
Cut layer Plural layer
enabling a degree of following Plastic mortar layer
Plastic mortr layer
Cut layer Plural layer Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)
Hoop layer Inside FRP layer Inside protective layer
Cost Performance ・Because fiberglass reinforced polymer mortar pipes are highly durable and can remain viable even in the case angular Chop layer
movements to joints caused by changes in the supporting soil while still enabling a degree of following, there is a reduction in Protective layer
terms of excavation and installation costs
(FW pipe) (CC pipe)
Fig. 2 Cross section structure of FRPM pipe
Environmental Performance Nothing in particular
Table 3 Performance
Plant Specification Equipment/Facilities Specification
Max. Max. Effective Start of New facility Piping length Max. Design
Diameter Thickness
6 Scope of Basic Specifications FRP (FW pipe/CC pipe), FRPM (FW pipe/CC pipe) (Table1, Fig. 1) Operator Plant River system Type of
Ooutput Discharg Head Operation /Renewal x Branches
Type of
Pipe type Internal
/River name Power Generation Piping
Application (kW) 3
(m /s) (m) /Renewal /Upgrade (m) Branches (kgf/cm )
2
(m) (mm)

Hokkaido Hoyaishikawa Conduit

Hoya Ishikawa 170 0.18 134.44 1987 Upgrade 178.30 1 Exposed FRP 21.90 0.30 9
EPCo /Hoyaishikawa /Pondage
Purpose of Application Penstock
Tohoku Tsutsumigawa Conduit
Daifudo 1,500 2.33 82.10 1986 Upgrade 96.20 1 Exposed FRP 14.40 1.10 20.0～18.0
EPCo /Tsutsumigawa /Run-off-river
Technological Conditions Depending on the design requirements, to decide thickness or to sellect pipe type by the strength calculation on water charging,
Tohoku Abukumagawa Conduit
for Application full capacity and emptiness. (Table 2) EPCo
Ozaso
/Matsukawa /Run-off-river
11,400 6.50 215.20 1991 New facility 480.00 1 Exposed FRP 17.40 1.65～1.50 28.0～23.5

Tohoku Tsutsumigawa Conduit

Yabetsu 2,100 2.68 95.24 1992 Upgrade 85.00 1 Exposed FRP 8.20 1.00 19～18
EPCo /Tsutsumigawa /Run-off-river
7 Status of Project Present Status Commercial Stage Tokyo
Tsugane
Fujigawa Conduit
700 0.70 133.37 1986 Upgrade 221.00 1 Exposed FRP 15.60 0.80 14.5～6.0
EPCo /Daimongawa /Run-off-river
Tokyo Nakagawa Conduit
Period Year of Commencement:1984 Year of Completion:1989 (completion of development) Kurokawa 920 3.62 30.30 1987 Upgrade 55.00 1 Exposed FRP 1.95 1.35 14
EPCo /Kurokawa /Run-off-river
Chubu Kisogawa Conduit
Okumino 420 0.70 83.83 1995 New facility 84.47 1 Embedded FRPM 93.37 0.60～0.594 12～8
EPCo /Neohigashitanigawa /Run-off-river
8 Results of Results of Experiments or - Study period: November 1988 - August 1989 36.12 1 Exposed FRPM 53.25 0.60 12
Application Demonstration Tests ・Understanding of long term strength Chubu
Higashigouchi
Oigawa Dam
170 0.55 40.62 2001 New facility
2.53 1 Exposed FRP 53.25 0.60 8
・Confirmation of safety of supporting parts and pipe joints EPCo /Oigawa /Run-off-river 39.61 1 Embedded FRPM 53.25 0.60 12
7.54 1 Embedded FRP 53.25 0.60 6
・Confirmation of safety in the case of vibration
・Confirmation of water cut-off at joints Kansai
Mannami
Jintsugawa Dam and Conduit
12,400 5.00 303.60 1987 New facility 167.88 1 Exposed FRP 7.70 1.50 22～27
EPCo /Mannamigawa /Run-off-river
Chugoku Hiigawa Conduit
Kawate 900 3.00 40.80 1995 New facility 36.00 1 Exposed FRPM 45.14 1.35 27
EPCo /Fukanogawa /Run-off-river
Results of Sales/Practical Table 3: Performance
Shikoku Niyodogawa Conduit
Applications EPCo
Kurokawa No. 5
/Kurokawa /Run-off-river
5,300 3.50 192.92 1993 Upgrade 39.00 1 Embedded FRPM 0.70

Shikoku Tsuga Dokawa River / Dam

550 1.91 37.10 1998 New facility 120.60 1 Embedded FRPM 5.00 1.20 24
EPCo (No. 3 extension) Yusuharagawa River /Run-off-river
9 Evaluation Contribution to Cost Quality is comprable to iron pipes while ensuring a high degree of water-tightness against joint angular movement caused by Toseikogyo Komagome
Tsutsumigawa Conduit
4,000 8.15 60.60 1989 New facility 84.00 1 Exposed FRP 6.85 1.80 23
Reduction changes in the supporting soil. These factors can contribute to reductions of the drilling cost and installation cost. /Komagomegawa /Run-off-river
Nasogawa Conduit 91.60 1 Exposed FRP 14.96 1.65 18.5～21.0
Toseikogyo Shin-kotaki 4,100 5.00 100.80 1996 Renewal
/Nasogawa /Run-off-river 1,847.00 1 Embedded FRPM 14.96 1.65 33
Enlargement of Applicability The application can be expanded because the strength is comparative to that of metallic products. Besides the weight being light, Aganogawa Conduit
the corrosion resistance is high. Toseikogyo Shin-koara 11,000 17.00 77.10 2003 Renewal 112.00 1 Embedded FRPM 10.50 2.60 52
/Sanekawa /Run-off-river
Iwate Kitakamigawa Dam
Irihata 2,100 3.50 74.16 1990 New facility 262.52 1 Exposed FRP 8.12 1.50 16
Pref. /Getogawa /Reservoir
Improvement of Efficiency Compared to iron pipes, the pipes of this technology can improve the roughness coefficient. In addition, these light-weight pipes
are easy to transport, and they do not require advanced installation techniques. Iwate Kitakamigawa Conduit 163.71 1 Exposed FRPM 14.70 1.35 27
Matsukawa 4,600 3.00 188.00 1996 New facility
Pref. /Matsukawa /Run-off-river 1,564.84 1 Embedded FRPM 14.70 1.35 27

Iwate Kitakamigawa Conduit

Kashiwadai 2,600 7.60 42.30 2002 New facility 725.00 1 Embedded FRPM 5.10 1.80 36
Support for Operation & The pipes of this technology show smaller secular changes than iron pipes, and these pipes require almost no maintenance and Pref. /Matsukawa /Run-off-river
Maintenance repair such as re-painting. Akita Yoneshirogawa Conduit
Hachimantai No. 2 1,500 1.80 99.70 1985 New facility 881.34 1 Embedded FRPM 13.00 1.20 24
Pref. /Kumazawagawa /Run-off-river
Akita Yoneshirogawa Dam
Yamase 2,100 5.50 48.85 1991 New facility 100.69 1 Embedded FRPM 8.40 2.00 40
Pref. /Iwasegawa /Reservoir
10 References ・Technical development of FRPM pipes as alternate products for the penstock (March 1990) New Energy Foundation
Hukushima Abukumagawa Conduit
・Handbook of new technology for medium-small scale hydropower (January 1993) New Energy Foundation Niwasaka 1,500 1.60 111.20 2001 New facility 349.00 1 Embedded FRPM 27.00 1.00 25
Pref. /Amatogawa /Run-off-river
・Investigative report into design of model plants for standardizing small and medium-scale hydropower (March 2002) Japanese METI/ANRE, NEF Toyama Onagatani No. 5 Jintsugawa Conduit 1,380.71 1 Embedded FRPM 7.80 1.10 22
1,200 2.60 62.90 1991 New facility
・Technical standards for hydraulic gates and penstocks/FRP(M) pipes (January 1997) Japan Hydraulic Gate and Penstock Association Pref. (Idagawa, Sodenotani) /Idagawa /Run-off-river 453.10 1 Embedded FRPM 5.79 0.80～0.70 16～14
Kanazawa Saikawa Conduit
Shin-Uchikawa No. 2 3,000 3.70 100.60 1989 New facility 114.00 1 Exposed FRP 1.35 20
City /Uchikawa /Run-off-river
Nagano Tenryugawa Conduit
11 Appendices Table 1 Classification of FRP(M) pipes Pref.
Oshika No. 2
/Shiogawa /Run-off-river
5,000 1.70 356.20 1999 New facility 485.76 1 Embedded FRPM 10.19 1.10 22
Table 2 Type of internal pressure pipes Tottori Sendaigawa Conduit 1,537.38 1 Embedded FRP 28.00 0.60 6～16
Kaji 1,100 0.55 242.10 1996 New facility
Table 3 Performance Pref. /Kajigawa /Run-off-river 539.61 1 Embedded FRPM 28.00 0.60 12
Fig. 1 Cross section structure of FRP pipe Okinawa sea water Recirculating pumped
EPDC － 30,000 26.00 136.00 1999 New facility 300.00 1 Embedded FRP・FRPM 22.47 2.40 51～35
Fig. 2 Cross section structure of FRPM pipe pumped-storage storage type
Gojo land Shinanogawa Conduit
Gojo 1,100 5.44 24.01 2000 New facility 671.05 1 Embedded FRPM 1.80
improvement district /Sagurigawa /Run-off-river
Kurokawa Village, Tainaigawa Conduit
12 Inquires Organization and New Energy Foundation, Hydropower Head Office, Technical Department Niigata Prf.
Kanomata
/Kanomatagawa /Run-off-river
960 2.00 60.25 2002 New facility 2,580.60 1 Embedded FRPM/SS 12.32 1.20～0.90 24～18
Department
Kajikawa land Kajikawa Dam and Conduit
Uchinokura 2,900 5.00 70.50 1990 New facility FRP
Address 3-13-2 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013 improvement district /Uchikuragawa /Run-off-river
TEL・FAX Tel: 03-6810-0364 Fax: 03-3982-5101 Koyoshigawa Conduit
Nishime Town Nishime 740 0.80 116.00 1989 New facility FRP/FRPM
URL・Email http://www.nef.or.jp/ /Hiwatashigawa /Run-off-river
Table 8 Performance
Plant Specification Equipment/Facilities Specification
Max.
Max.
Max. Effective Start of New Piping length Design
Operator Plant River system Type of Discharg Diameter Thickness
Ooutput Head Operatio facility x Branches Type of
Pipe type Internal
/River name Power Generation e n /Renewal Piping
(kW) (m /s)
3
(m) (m) Branches Pressure
(kgf/cm2) (m) (mm)
/Renewal /Upgrade
Hokkaido Hoyaishikawa Conduit
Hoya Ishikawa 170 0.18 134.44 1987 Upgrade 178.30 1 Exposed FRP 21.90 0.30 9
EPCo /Hoyaishikawa /Pondage

Tohoku Tsutsumigawa Conduit

Daifudo 1,500 2.33 82.10 1986 Upgrade 96.20 1 Exposed FRP 14.40 1.10 20.0～18.0
EPCo /Tsutsumigawa /Run-off-river
Tohoku Abukumagawa Conduit New
Ozaso 11,400 6.50 215.20 1991 480.00 1 Exposed FRP 17.40 1.65～1.50 28.0～23.5
EPCo /Matsukawa /Run-off-river facility

Tohoku Tsutsumigawa Conduit

Yabetsu 2,100 2.68 95.24 1992 Upgrade 85.00 1 Exposed FRP 8.20 1.00 19～18
EPCo /Tsutsumigawa /Run-off-river

Tokyo Fujigawa Conduit

Tsugane 700 0.70 133.37 1986 Upgrade 221.00 1 Exposed FRP 15.60 0.80 14.5～6.0
EPCo /Daimongawa /Run-off-river

Tokyo Nakagawa Conduit

Kurokawa 920 3.62 30.30 1987 Upgrade 55.00 1 Exposed FRP 1.95 1.35 14
EPCo /Kurokawa /Run-off-river

Chubu Kisogawa Conduit New

Okumino 420 0.70 83.83 1995 84.47 1 Embedded FRPM 93.37 0.60～0.594 12～8
EPCo /Neohigashitanigawa /Run-off-river facility
36.12 1 Exposed FRPM 53.25 0.60 12
Chubu Oigawa Dam New 2.53 1 Exposed FRP 53.25 0.60 8
Higashigouchi 170 0.55 40.62 2001
EPCo /Oigawa /Run-off-river facility 39.61 1 Embedded FRPM 53.25 0.60 12
7.54 1 Embedded FRP 53.25 0.60 6
Kansai Jintsugawa Dam and Conduit New
Mannami 12,400 5.00 303.60 1987 167.88 1 Exposed FRP 7.70 1.50 22～27
EPCo /Mannamigawa /Run-off-river facility

Chugoku Hiigawa Conduit New

Kawate 900 3.00 40.80 1995 36.00 1 Exposed FRPM 45.14 1.35 27
EPCo /Fukanogawa /Run-off-river facility
Shikoku Niyodogawa Conduit
Kurokawa No. 5 5,300 3.50 192.92 1993 Upgrade 39.00 1 Embedded FRPM 0.70
EPCo /Kurokawa /Run-off-river
Dokawa River /
Shikoku Tsuga Dam New
Yusuharagawa 550 1.91 37.10 1998 120.60 1 Embedded FRPM 5.00 1.20 24
EPCo (No. 3 extension) /Run-off-river facility
River
Tsutsumigawa Conduit New
Toseikogyo Komagome 4,000 8.15 60.60 1989 84.00 1 Exposed FRP 6.85 1.80 23
/Komagomegawa /Run-off-river facility
Nasogawa Conduit 91.60 1 Exposed FRP 14.96 1.65 18.5～21.0
Toseikogyo Shin-kotaki 4,100 5.00 100.80 1996 Renewal
/Nasogawa /Run-off-river ### 1 Embedded FRPM 14.96 1.65 33
Aganogawa Conduit
Toseikogyo Shin-koara 11,000 17.00 77.10 2003 Renewal 112.00 1 Embedded FRPM 10.50 2.60 52
/Sanekawa /Run-off-river
Iwate Kitakamigawa Dam New
Irihata 2,100 3.50 74.16 1990 262.52 1 Exposed FRP 8.12 1.50 16
Pref. /Getogawa /Reservoir facility

Iwate Kitakamigawa Conduit New 163.71 1 Exposed FRPM 14.70 1.35 27

Matsukawa 4,600 3.00 188.00 1996
Pref. /Matsukawa /Run-off-river facility ### 1 Embedded FRPM 14.70 1.35 27

Iwate Kitakamigawa Conduit New

Kashiwadai 2,600 7.60 42.30 2002 725.00 1 Embedded FRPM 5.10 1.80 36
Pref. /Matsukawa /Run-off-river facility

Akita Yoneshirogawa Conduit New

Hachimantai No. 2 1,500 1.80 99.70 1985 881.34 1 Embedded FRPM 13.00 1.20 24
Pref. /Kumazawagawa /Run-off-river facility
Akita Yoneshirogawa Dam New
Yamase 2,100 5.50 48.85 1991 100.69 1 Embedded FRPM 8.40 2.00 40
Pref. /Iwasegawa /Reservoir facility

Hukushima Abukumagawa Conduit New

Niwasaka 1,500 1.60 111.20 2001 349.00 1 Embedded FRPM 27.00 1.00 25
Pref. /Amatogawa /Run-off-river facility
Onagatani No. 5 ### 1 Embedded FRPM 7.80 1.10 22
Toyama Jintsugawa Conduit New
(Idagawa, 1,200 2.60 62.90 1991
Pref. /Idagawa /Run-off-river facility 453.10 1 Embedded FRPM 5.79 0.80～0.70 16～14
Sodenotani)
Kanazawa Saikawa Conduit New
Shin-Uchikawa No. 2 3,000 3.70 100.60 1989 114.00 1 Exposed FRP 1.35 20
City /Uchikawa /Run-off-river facility

Nagano Tenryugawa Conduit New

Oshika No. 2 5,000 1.70 356.20 1999 485.76 1 Embedded FRPM 10.19 1.10 22
Pref. /Shiogawa /Run-off-river facility
Tottori Sendaigawa Conduit New ### 1 Embedded FRP 28.00 0.60 6～16
Kaji 1,100 0.55 242.10 1996
Pref. /Kajigawa /Run-off-river facility 539.61 1 Embedded FRPM 28.00 0.60 12
Recirculating
Okinawa sea water New
EPDC － pumped storage 30,000 26.00 136.00 1999 300.00 1 Embedded FRP・FRPM 22.47 2.40 51～35
pumped-storage facility
type
Gojo land Shinanogawa Conduit New
Gojo 1,100 5.44 24.01 2000 671.05 1 Embedded FRPM 1.80
improvement district /Sagurigawa /Run-off-river facility

Kurokawa Village, Tainaigawa Conduit New

Kanomata 960 2.00 60.25 2002 ### 1 Embedded FRPM/SS 12.32 1.20～0.90 24～18
Niigata Prf. /Kanomatagawa /Run-off-river facility
Table 1 Classification of FRP(M) pipes

Classification FRP pipe FRPM pipe

by structure (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pipe) (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe)

Classification FW pipe CC pipe FW pipe CC pipe

by production method

※ FW：Filament Winding Mold

CC：Centrifugal Casting Mold

Outside protective layer

Protective layer Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)
Chop layer
Hoop layer
Cut layer　 　 　Strength layer
Hoop layer Inside protective layer
Chop layer
Protective layer

Protective layer Outside protective layer

Chop layer Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)
Hoop layer Outside FRP layer Plastic mortar layer
Cut layer 　 　Plural layer

Plastic mortr layer Reinforcement layer (FRP layer)

Cut layer　 　Plural layer Inside protective layer

Hoop layer Inside FRP layer

Chop layer
Protective layer

Table 2 Type of internal pressure pipes

Unit: Mpa {kgf/cm2}
Type Internal test pressure
Type-1 2.6 {27}
Type-2 2.1 {21}
Internal
pressure Type-3 1.4 {14}
pipes
Type-4 1.0 {10}
Type-5 0.5 { 5}