check oc updates Receive 19 May 2020 | Revised 25 July 2020 ‘Dor 10100Rwe2570 RESEARCH ARTICLE WILEY edt 29 Asst 2020 Gear fault detection based on instantaneous frequency estimation using variational mode decomposition and permutation entropy under real speed scenarios Vikas Sharma © Enencong TheLiw wsiutectiomaton | Abstract Technology, Jaipur, India Structural compactness with multiple meshing points excites multiple vibrations in a Corenpondence planetary gearbox of a wind turbine operating at varying speeds. The nonstationary, ies tama Deparment cena multicomponent vibration signals result in complex modulations challenging. the fintrnatenTeawolon, new nda | effectiveness of a signal processing technique-based fault diagnosis method. This Emal svikasiti@gmalicom paper aims to detect gear tooth faults under varying speed conditions based on the instantaneous frequency (IF) estimate of the decomposed component. Vibration sig~ nals were decomposed using variational mode decomposition (VMD), which is capa~ ble of frequency demodulation by exhibiting mono-oscillatory components, followed by the IF estimation to select the most sensitive decomposed mode. The selected sensitive mode was further analyzed to deduce envelope spectrums for the extrac~ tion of frequency components highlighting fault symptoms. Furthermore, permuta- tion entropy (PE) was evaluated to characterize the presence of randomness due to fault severity and to validate the proposed signal processing approach. In this paper, the vibration signals simulating planet gear faults were analyzed using the proposed signal processing approach. Symptoms of planet tooth faults were analyzed using the ‘experimental investigation under real-time varying speed to validate and exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis approach for a planetary gearbox. ‘decomposition, fault agnosis, nonstationary speed, planetary gearbox, vibration 1 | INTRODUCTION Compared to fixed axs gearboxes, planetary gearboxes are designed to be more compact to bear high loads large velocity ratios. Their usage In wind turbines (WT), helicopters, an other industial machinery makes them operate in harsh, nonstationary operating conditions 2s shown in Figure 1, which results in failure of gears before rated life due to inevitable fatigue Meshing of sun-planet gears and planet-ring gear occurs Smuttaneously in a planetary gearbox, which exites multiple vibrations exhibiting amplitude modulations (AMS) and frequency modulations (F Ms), Additionally, when an accelerometer s mounted on gearbox housing it leads to multiple time-varying transmision paths (Le, the éstance from vibration sources to a sensor mounted on the gearbox housing), introducing extra AM, as well as attenuates, interferes, and distort the rnenlinear and nonstationary gearbox vibration signals“ Moreover, strong noise masks the weak feature because of an early fait present inthe 122020 The Authors Wind Energy pubsnd by Jn Wey & Son id