PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AMONG FEMALE

STUDENTS OF JIREN SECONDARY SCHOOL, JIMMA, OROMIYA, ETHIOPIA

By: FIRAA’OL MOKONNEN

A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO JIMMA UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF

HEALTH, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE, SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY FOR
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF BSc DEGREE IN MIDWIFERY

AUGUST 2022

JIMMA ETHIOPIA
 JIMMA UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF HEALTH

SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY

PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AMONG FEMALE

STUDENTS OF JIREN SECONDARY SCHOOL, JIMMA, OROMIYA, ETHIOPIA

By: FIRAA’OL MOKONNEN

ADVISOR: FEDHESA MAMO (BSc, MSc)

AUGUST 2022

JIMMA ETHIOPIA
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my advisor Fedhesa Mamo (BSc, MSc) for his
valuable comments and supervision that makes me upcoming with this research paper. Second
my gratitude goes to Jimma University, school of midwifery for funding this research work.

I would like to thank Jiren secondary school for allowing me to conduct this study. I would also
like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Jiren secondary school female students for their
participation. I would like to thank instructors of Jiren secondary school for their facilitation of
data collection process.

Last but not least, my wholehearted appreciation goes to my parents for supporting and
encouraging me from the very beginning.

i
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE

Acknowledgement --------------------------------------------------------------------------i

Table of content -----------------------------------------------------------------------------ii

List of table-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv

List of figure----------------------------------------------------------------------------------v

List of abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------vi

Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vii

1.Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1. Back ground -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2. Statement of the problem --------------------------------------------------------------2

2.1. Literature review ------------------------------------------------------------------------4

2.2. Significance of the study ---------------------------------------------------------------6

3.Objectives -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

3.1. General objectives -----------------------------------------------------------------------7

3.2. Specific objectives -----------------------------------------------------------------------7

4.Methodology ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.1. Study area and period --------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.2. Study design -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.3. Population ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.3.1. Source population -----------------------------------------------------------------------8

ii
4.3.2. Study population ----------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.4. Sample size and sampling techniques-------------------------------------------------8

4.4.1. Sample size sample size---------------------------------------------------------------8

4.4.2. Sampling techniques-------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.5. Variables-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

4.5.1. Dependent variables--------------------------------------------------------------------9

4.5.2. Independent variables------------------------------------------------------------------9

4.6. Data collection method and tools ------------------------------------------------------10

4.7. Data analysis -----------------------------------------------------------------------------10

4.8. Data quality-------------------------------------------------------------------------------10

4.9. Ethical consideration --------------------------------------------------------------------10

4.10. Operational definition -----------------------------------------------------------------11

5. Result-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

6. Discussion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20

7. Limitation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22

8. Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23

9. Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------------24

References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25

Annex 1 Questionnaire: English version----------------------------------------------------27

Annex 2 Questionnaire: Afaan Oromoo version-------------------------------------------32

Annex 3 Questionnaire: Amharic version---------------------------------------------------35

iii
 LIST OF TABLES

1. Table:1 Distribution of study participants by their socio demographic characteristics,

Jiren secondary school students, Jimma town, 202--------------------------------------------13

2. Table 2 : The distribution of substance used by female students of jiren secondary high
School, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022----------------------------------------------------------------14

3. Table 3 : Sexual history of female students of jiren secondary high School, Jimma,
Oromia, Ethiopia 2022------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15

4. Table 4 : Socio demographic characteristic of sexual violence survivors among female

students of Jiren secondary school, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia 2022--------------------------16

5. Table 5 : Magnitude of reporting sexual violence survivors among female students of

Jiren secondary school, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia 2022---------------------------------------17

iv
 LIST OF FIGURES

1. Figure 1 : Magnitude of sexual violence of female students of jiren secondary high

School, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022----------------------------------------------------------15
2. Figure 2 : place of sexual violence occurance characteristic of sexual violence survivors
among female students of Jiren secondary school, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia 2022-------16
3. Figure 3 . Characteristic of perpetrator who made sexual violence on female students of
jiren Secondary school, Jimma,Oromia Ethiopia 2022---------------------------------------18
4. Figure 4 . Consequence of sexual violence on female students of jiren Secondary school,
Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022-------------------------------------------------------------------19

v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

VAW: Violence Against Women

SV: Sexual Violence

AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome

PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

STIs: Sexually Transmitted Illness

STD: Sexually Transmitted Disease

UN: United Nations

WHO: World Health Organization

vi
 ABSTRACT

Background: - Sexual violence is a series problem that transcends racial, economical social and
regional lines and is frequently towards female student and youth who lack the economic and
social status to resist or avoid it. So knowledge of the magnitude and factors associated with
sexual violence at school is very important in proposing prevent measures.

Objective: - To determine the prevalence and consequence of sexual violence among female
students of Jiren secondary school.

Methodology: - The study was conducted at Jiren secondary school in Jimma town, Oromiya
region. A cross sectional study was conduct to determine the prevalence and consequence of
sexual violence among Jiren secondary school female students. A total 336 students were
selected randomly after using stratified sampling technique. To ensure the validity and reliability
of data collection pretest was done on the Jimma preparatory school by 5%; based on the finding
of pre test the necessary correction was made. The collected data was checked for completeness,
consistency and accuracy before analysis. It was processed and analysed by using descriptive
statistics percentage, frequency, ratios, and the result was calculated by using scientific
calculator and tally sheet manually during the analysis. The finding was presented by using
figure, pie chart and table.

Result:- A total of 322 female students were involved in the study. The prevalence of sexual
violence in Jiren secondary school was 213 (66.2%). The prevalence of completed and attempted
rape was 8 (2.5%) and 17 (5.4%) respectively. The age range of survivors reported to have
complete rape was 10-14 years. Among 8 (2.5%) of females who had complete rape had
unwanted pregnancy 2 (25%) and Abortion 1 (12.5%).

Conclusion:- Sexual violence is a public health problem among female students in the study
area. Physical, psychological and social effects of sexual violence were common. Thus,
programs should aim to solve the problem among female students involving the men/boys in
interventions since most of the perpetrators were males.

vii
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Violence against women/girls (VAW) is widespread and can take place in different
circumstances, forms and settings. It is a profound health problem that saps women’s energy,
compromises their physical and mental health, and erodes their self-esteem. There is increasing
international consensus that the abuse of women and girls, regardless of where it occurs, should
be considered as “violence against women,” as it largely stems from women’s subordinate status
in society with regard to men.[1]

World Health Organization defines sexual violence as any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual
act, unwanted sexual comments or advances, or acts to traffic, or otherwise directed, against a
person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in
any setting, including but not limited to home and work. [1]

Sexual violence is one form of violence against women which is endemic in communities around
the world, cutting across class, race, age, religion and national boundaries. In many cases, it
begins in childhood or adolescence. Exposure to sexual coercion significantly increases girls’
and women’s chances of early sexual debut, experiencing forced sex, engaging in transactional
sex. [2]

A wide range of sexually violent acts can take place in different circumstances and settings.
These include, for example: rape within marriage or dating relationships; rape by strangers;
systematic rape during armed conflict; unwanted sexual advances or sexual harassment,
including demanding sex in return for favours; sexual abuse of mentally or physically disabled
people; sexual abuse of children; forced marriage or cohabitation, including the marriage of
children; denial of the right to use contraception or to adopt other measures to protect against
sexually transmitted diseases; forced abortion; violent acts against the sexual integrity of
women, including female genital mutilation and obligatory inspections for virginity; forced
prostitution and trafficking of people for the purpose of sexual exploitation.[2]

1
 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Sexual violence (SV) is one of the most frequent forms of gender violence in which a person’s
sexual freedom is violated. It is a major public health problem affecting millions of girls and
young women across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates,
1 in 3 women aged 15-45 years worldwide experienced some form of sexual violence in their life
time. More specifically, more than 150 million young girls experienced some form of sexual
violence below 18 years of age. Based on the World Health Organization’s report, the rate of
violence against women is as following, Eastern Mediterranean countries (37%), and African
countries (36.3%) American countries (29.8%), European countries (25.4%), Western Pacific
(24.6%) and other countries with high salaries (23.2%). Despite the global epidemic, the
prevalence of sexual violence against women is alarmingly high in developing countries,
particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately, one in 10 adolescents worldwide reported
experiencing sexual violence [1, 3].

Sexual violence against adolescents occurs in different circumstances, forms, and settings.
Adolescent schoolgirls are at risk of different forms of sexual violence by different perpetrators.
Male teachers, school administrators, and students are common perpetrators of sexual violence
against schoolgirls. They also experienced sexual violence at home or on the journey to and from
school. Sexual violence has been found to have devastating effects on victims’ health: physical,
reproductive, psychological, and well-being. Studies revealed that sexual violence against school
girl has negative effects on the girls’ educational attainment [4, 5].

Moreover, sexual violence against young girls also has a negative impact on the country’s human
and economic development. Recently, the issue of sexual violence against schoolgirls has
garnered global attention with implications for health and education outcomes. With sexual
violence becoming widespread in schools, the government of Ethiopia has enacted various
policies and codes of conduct aimed at the prevention and control of school-related sexual
violence. In addition, the government of Ethiopia included ending violence against women in
higher education as a priority concern in the second growth and transformation plan. [5, 6].

Furthermore, gender-responsive pedagogy addressing school-related gender-based violence

through the curriculum has been implemented since 2014. Despite all these efforts, sexual
2
violence against schoolgirls has remained the major challenge in the country’s education
systems, especially in high schools, with the recent studies on sexual violence among high school
female students reporting that 74% in central had experienced sexual violence. Sexual violence
is driven by a multitude of risk factors that occur at the level of individuals, relationships, family,
community, and the broader society. Consequently, understanding the magnitude, risk factors,
and conceptuality of sexual violence is essential for setting priorities and elimination efforts at
different levels. [7, 8]

Taking into account the prior scenario and given that sexual violence has received insufficient
attention from researchers, policy-makers and programme designers, and it has been a long
struggle to have it recognized as a legitimate public health issue. Sexual violence has been
widely reported, the nature and health consequences are not well understood and documented.
Whereas there are some studies conducted on sexual violence there is limited information on the
health consequences, responses and prevention strategies. As such, this study is aimed at
determining the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence and consequence among secondary school
female students of jiren, Jimma, Oromia region, south west Ethiopia. The findings of this study
may have a vital role in influencing policymakers and different stakeholders working on sexual
violence prevention in the study area.

3
 CHAPTER TWO

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Research done among Female Secondary School Students in Jos, North Central Nigeria revealed
that the prevalence of sexual abuse was found to be (26.5%) among the female students. The
offenders were mostly known to the victims (63.8%), most of which were friends (41.2%) and
neighbors (37.3%), others were cousins, uncles and brother (21.5%).Only 27(33.8%) of the
victims reported the case to someone while (66.2%) did not report to anyone. Factors that were
found to be significantly associated with sexual abuse included age, hawking, alcohol
consumption, and not living with parents. [7]

The study done at Mizan female students revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence is
41.6% in Aman high school female students from these, 5.1% were attempted rape and 9% were
completed rape. The prevalence of sexual harassment(36.4%) which is unwelcome touch on
sensitivity body part (5.1%), unwelcome kiss (0.9), unwelcome remark (9.8%), fondling(3.8%),
kidnapping(1.3%). Based on this finding the prevalence of sexual violence among female high
school students is high. Therefore, the school administrative should prepare awareness creation
programs through establishing clubs (gender club) that target against sexual violence. [8]

A study conducted on female students of Ambo University showed that more than one fourth of
those who responded had previous sexual intercourse. The result showed that 76.4% and 43.7%
have reported to have at least one incidents of sexual violence in their lifetime and past 12
months, respectively. Rural origin of residence having literate father were at decreased likelihood
to experience lifetime sexual violence. Yet, alcoholic consumption, current parental living
condition, childhood witnesses of maternal violence and as well as with having had more than
one sexual partners were factors associated with an increased likelihood of lifetime sexual
violence. [9]

The study done on female students of preparatory schools in Modjo and Bishoftu towns showed
a prevalence of 74% of sexual violence in the study area. In the final model, age group of 17 - 18
teacher perpetrator and knowledge of ever encountered a person with sexual violence was found
significant. A significant proportion (74%) of respondent’s experienced sexual violence.

4
Unwelcome touching and ever had sexual intercourse without their consents were the most
common types of sexual violence in the study area. [10]

Research done in Hawassa on a total of 336 female students took part in the study. Majority of
the study participants (N = 298; 88.7%) were in the age range of 20–34 years. The mean age and
standard deviation of the respondents were 21.3 ± 1.7 years. Regarding the marital status of the
respondents, 307 (91.4%) of them were single. We found that, while 14.3% reported having
experienced completed rape since being admitted to the university, 3% had the experience in the
past years. [11]

A study conducted among female high school students in Harar town indicated that Sexual
violence among in school adolescents were 25%. Students used addictive drugs like alcohol
(18%), chat and shish (7.2%) as very important contributing factors for sexual violence’s. Use of
physical force (15%), false promise (43%) and use of power (7.2%) reported contributing
factors. Females dressing style, their act, peer pressure, revenge and males emotionality
identified as contributing factors for sexual violence. Sexual violence had different consequences
like abortion (32.2%), vaginal discharge (28.6%), genital trauma (25%), and unwanted
pregnancy (14.2%). [12]

Research done on among high school female students in Jarso District, Oromia Region showed
that the magnitude of sexual violence among female students was 28.6% in the study area. Forty
(7.2%) participants have experienced coercive sex against their consent. Participant’s level of
education, being unmarried, consumption of alcohol, using substances (hashish and/or shisha,
and ever initiated sexual intercourse were positively and statistically associated with sexual
violence. [13]

5
 2.2 SIGNIFICANCY OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be help female students by empowering girls and women, changing
social norms, and creating protective environments can help reduce SV.

This study generates health information important for planning and for public health policy
interventions, especially in designing effective intervention strategies for preventing SV and its
health consequences. Also, by describing the health consequences, responses and prevention
strategies of SV`, the study contributes to national efforts in research for information based
decision making.

This study is significant to individuals and groups in local, regional and international
interventions on health consequences and prevention strategies of sexual based violence. It will
be of significant to sexual violence survivors, community health workers, human rights
advocates, legislators, law enforcers, opinion leaders and all other stake holders in dealing with
sexual violence and health issues associated with it. Other researchers who will be interested to
conduct further study on similar study subjects may also use as a base line data and information.

First, it promotes continued empathy and support for survivors. Second, the knowledge may help
diverse groups of service providers respond to current trends toward professionalization of the
field of sexual violence. This study sheds light on an issue which rarely receives attention. The
findings will be very useful for everyone who is involved in the management and prevention of
sexual violence.

6
 CHAPTER THREE

OBJECTIVE

3.1. General Objective

To assess the prevalence and consequence of sexual violence among female students of Jiren
secondary school

3.2. Specific Objective

1. To determine the prevalence of sexual violence among female students of Jiren secondary
school

2. To identify the consequences of sexual violence among female students of Jiren secondary
school

7
 CHAPTER FOUR

METHODS AND MATERIALS

4.1. Study area and study period

This study was conducted in Jiren secondary school, Jimma Town Oromiya region, south west
Ethiopia. Jimma town is located 345 km from Finfinne to south west with total population of
207,573 of whom 104,213 are men and 103,360 women. The Study conducted from June 1_8
2022 in Jiren secondary school.

4.2. Study design

Cross-sectional, institution based study was done to assess sexual violence and consequence
among female students of Jiren Secondary school

4.3. Population

4.3.1. Source Population

All female students of Jiren secondary school.

4.3.2. Study population

A sample drawn from all female Jiren secondary school students

4.4. Sample size Sampling Techniques

4.4.1. Sample size

Sampling size was determined by using the following assumption: 95% of CI, a 5% of margin of
error, 41% of proportion from the previous study done among female high school students in
Mizan Town [11].

=Z1x/2p (1 –p)

d2 where n=minimum sample size required

p= prevalence of sexual violence among females

8
d= margin of sampling error

z=Value of z at 95% confidence interval level which is 1.96

Hence n = (1.96)2(0.41) (0.59)

(0.05)2

n = 372

Where, N = 1750 total number of female students of Jiren high school

n=initial sample size

Nf=final sample size

Nf=n/1+n/N=371/(1+372/1750)=305

10% non respondent rate, 10% of 305= 31

So my final sample size was 305+31=336

4.4.2. Sampling Techniques

By stratified sampling technique students were grouped in to grade 9, 10, 11 and grade 12. Then
via proportional allocation method the total sample size was distributed to the class proportionate
to their student size. Then by using simple random sampling the students were selected.

9
4.5. Variables

Independent variables

 Age

 Sex

 Residence

 Educational status

 Parents Marital status

 Parents Income

 Religion

 Ethnicity

Dependent variables

 Prevalence of sexual violence

 Consequence of sexual violence

4.6. Data Collection method and tools

Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire to collect quantitative data. The
questionnaire developed by adapting other questionnaires from previous similar studies materials
and review of relevant literature. The questionnaire was first prepared in English and then
translated into Afaan Oromoo and Amharic.

4.7. Data Analysis

The collected data was checked for completeness, consistency and accuracy before analysis. It
was processed and analysed by using descriptive statistics percentage, frequency, ratios, and the
result was calculated by using scientific calculator, computer and tally sheet manually during the
analysis. The finding was presented by using figure, pie chart and table.
10
4.8. Data quality assurance

To ensure the validity and reliability of data collection pretest was done on the Jimma
preparatory school by 5%;based on the finding of pre test the necessary correction was made. In
addition to this, checking, clearing the data at data collection site plus monitoring data collectors
by principal investigators and supervisor was carried out each questionnaire was checked after
completely filled. Those with incomplete data was eliminated from the study.

4.9. Ethical consideration

Official letter was written from Jimma University, school of midwifery to Jiren secondary school
Administrator.

Study subjects were briefed about the importance and significance of the study. Furthermore
they were informed that their information were kept confidentially and verbal consent was taken.

4.10. Operational Definition

Completed Rape: - If she experience non consensual sexual intercourse (penis-vagina, penis
mouth or penis anus) in her life time by physical or by threatening of body harm or when the
survivor is capable of giving consent.[2]

Attempted rape: - trial of having sexual intercourse without consent of the girl but without
perpetration of the vagina by perpetrator in her life time.[2]

Sexual harassment: - unwanted and repeated sexual advance which ranges from unwelcome
comment and touching to coercive sexual intercourse in her life time.[2]

Sexual violence: -if she experience any act attempted or threatened that is sexual in nature and is
done with force- physical, mental /emotional/ or social and without her consent in her life time.
[2]

11
 CHAPTER FIVE

RESULT

From a total of 336 study participants required for the study, 322 female students were involved,
yielding 96% of response rate. Fourteen respondents were excluded due to grossly incomplete
and inconsistent responses. From the total students 93 (29.1%), 84 (25.9%), 77 (23.9%)
68(21.1%) were grade nin, ten, eleven and twelve respectively. Four hundred forty nine (87.2%)
of the students were in the age range of 15 and 19 years.

Among the total respondents, the predominant religion was muslim 167 (52.9%) and the most
widely distributed ethnic group were Oromoo 244 (76.7%). Most of 309 (95.9%) of the
respondents were never married, and 280 (86.9%) of them reside in Urban settings. Regarding
current place of residence, majority 210 (65.2%) of them were reported to live together with
family. Majority, 261 (81.1%), of the respondents parents were living together. About 142
(44.1%) of respondents average family income was between 2000 and 4000 birr.

Variables Frequency Percentage

residence urban 280 86.9
rural 42 13.1
Age 15-19 258 80.7
20-24 58 18.0
25-29 6 2.3
grade 9 93 29.1
10 84 25.9
11 77 23.9
12 68 21.1
Religion Muslim 167 52.9
Orthodox 110 33.1
Protestant 45 14.0
Ethnicity Oromo 244 76.7
Ahmara 45 13.2
Dawuro 20 6.1
12
 others * 13 4.0
Marital Unmarried 309 95.9
Married 13 4.1
Currently living with parents 210 65.2
Relatives 58 18.0
Friends 35 10.9
Alone 19 5.9
Family marital status married 261 81.1
divorced 35 10.9
widowed 26 8.0
Family income <1000 39 12.1
1000-2000 68 21.0
2000-4000 142 44.1
>4000 74 22.8

Table:1 Distribution of study participants by their socio demographic characteristics,

Jiren secondary school students, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022

Substance Use

From the total respondents of habit of substance use, chewing chat was practiced by 21
(6.7%) of the respondents, 7 (2.1%) smoke cigarette and 13 (4.1%) drink alcohol.
variable response frequency percent

Chewing chat Yes 21 6.7

No 301 93.3

Smoking cigarette Yes 7 2.1

No 315 97.9

13
 Alcohol Yes 13 4.1
consumption
No 309 95.9

Table 2 : The distribution of substance used by female students of jiren secondary high
School, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022

Sexual History of the Respondents

From the total participants included in this study, more than half, 202 (62.8%) of them had
regular boyfriend presently. Only 70 (21.7%) of the respondents had sexual relation, while the
rest 252 (76.3%) of the respondents had no sexual relation. From those respondents who had
sexual relation most, 50 (86.2%) of them started at the age of 15-20, and 7 (12.1%) of them
started with in the age of 10-14, whereas only 1 (1.7%) of had sexual relation when they were
above the age of 20. Therefore, almost 60 (86.2%) of the respondents who had sexual relation
started sexual relation at the age of 15-20 years. From those who had sexual relationship the
highest number 44 (62.7%) of the respondents start sexual intercourse by love affair, 12
(17.2%) of the respondents condition of starting sexual relation was by personal pleasure, and
1 (2.1%) of them raped.

Variables Category Frequency Percent (%)

Have regular boyfriend Yes 202 62.8
presently No 120 37.2
Had sexual intercourse Yes 70 21.7
previously No 252 76.3
Age at first sexual 10-14 9 12.1
intercourse (years) 15-20 60 86.2
>20 1 1.7
Reason for first Marriage 6 8.7
sexual intercourse Financial 7 9.3
Love affair 44 62.7
14
 Personal pleasure 12 17.2
Force 1 2.1

Table-3 Sexual history of female students of jiren secondary high School, Jimma, Oromia,
Ethiopia, 2022

Magnitude and types of sexual violence among studied female students

The prevalence of sexual violence in life time was 213 (66.2%). The prevalence of completed
and attempted rape in lifetime was 8 (2.5%) and 17 (5.4%) respectively. Of the total study
subjects, 59 (18.3%) were experienced unwelcome touching on sensitive body parts, 78
(24.2%) were verbally harassed, 51 (15.8%) unwelcome kiss, experienced in their life time.
30

25

20

15

24.2
10
18.3
15.8

5
5.4
2.5
0
verbal harashment touching sensetive unwanted kiss attempted rape complete rape
body

Figure 1 : Magnitude of sexual violence of female students of jiren secondary high School,
Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022

variable category frequncy percent

Age when violate 15-19 161 75.8

15
 20-24 39 18.3

24-29 13 5.9

Marital satus of single 209 98.3

victim
married 4 1.7

Table 4 : Socio demographic characteristic of sexual violence survivors among female

students of Jiren secondary school, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022

Place of victim occur

Of the total 213 sexual violence 70 (33%) were performed at the victims’ homes, 61 (28%) at
perpetrator’s home, 29 (13%) at school, 23 (11%) at the hotel, 19 (9%) relative’s home, 12
(6%)on the road.

place of sexual violence occured

on road
6%

hotel
11%
home
33%
school
14%

perprator
relative home home
9% 29%

Figure 2 : place of sexual violence occurance characteristic of sexual violence survivors among
female students of Jiren secondary school, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022
16
Reporting the activity

Of those 213 (66.2%) sexual violence occurred only 115 (53.9%) were reported.. The reasons
given by the victims for not reporting were 27 (27.6%) were not know what to do at that time, 15
(15.3%) due to fear of parents, 15 (15.3%) and. due to afraid of the perpetrator.

variable response frequncy percent

Do you report yes 115 53.9

no 98 46.1

Where do you parents 33 28.7

reported
police 18 15.3

friends 53 46.4

Health profession 11 9.6

If no why Fear of perprator 15 15.3

Social influence 13 13.2

Fear of family 19 19.4

Do not know what to 27 27.6

do

Afraid that is shame 24 24.5

Table 5 : Magnitude of reporting sexual violence survivors among female students of Jiren
secondary school, Jimma, Oromia Ethiopia 2022

17
Perpetrator and conditions during rape

Regarding the perpetrators, the vast majorities, were 68 (32%) school boys, while 64 (30%) were
their boyfriends, 19 (9%) teacher and 36 (17%) by unkown person.

perprator
Figure
3 .
neighbor
12%

boy friend
30%
unkown
17%

teacher
9%

school mate
32%

Characteristic of perpetrator who made sexual violence on female students of jiren

Secondary school, Jimma,Oromia Ethiopia 2022

18
 CONSEQUENCE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE

Of the eight completed rape cases, 2 (25.0%) get pregnant and 1 (12.5%) swelling around the
genitalia. Concerning psychological problems, 2 (25.0%) reported that they have felt
hopelessness, 1 (12.5%) suicidal ideation, 5 (62.5%) self-blame, seven of the rape victims
(87.5%) reported that their academic achievement decreased after they were raped, 1 (12.5%)
were rejected by her family and 2 (25.0%) rejected by her friends. Of total attempted and
completed rape 16 (64%) have developed a sense of excess fear.

multiple sexual partner 1

poor school performance 4
rejection from friends 2
rejection from family 1
abortion 1
pschological problem
5
swelling around genitalia
1
vaginal discharge
4
unwanted pregnancy
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
number

Figure 4 . Consequence of sexual violence on female students of jiren Secondary school,

Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia 2022

19
 CHAPTER SIX

DISCUSSION

In this study the prevalence of sexual violence and different effects of sexual violence were
identified. The study showed that sexual violence is a public health problem among female high
school students in the study area.

The life time prevalence of sexual violence among female Jiren high school students was 66.2%.
This finding is comparable with a study done in Madawalabu in which the prevalence was
65.95% [16]. This finding is in line with a study done in Mizan Tepi University in which the
magnitude of sexual violence was 66.3% [17]. However, the finding is lower when compared
with a study done in Southern Ethiopia, Ambo, and Modjo 78.2%, 76.4%, 74.2% and %
respectively [15,9,10]. This difference could be because of difference in living conditions,
cultures and values given to females in different ethnic groups or societies. However, it is higher
than the study done in Nigeria in which the prevalence of sexual violence was 26.5% [9]. This
difference may be attributed to variation between the two countries due to differences in socio-
economic, cultural, and behavioral/lifestyle factors.

The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 16.8 years. This finding is similar with study done
in Harar which was 16 years [12]. On this study 58(24.8%) of the study subjects initiated sexual
intercourse and of this 5(8.6%) were forced. The magnitude of forced sex as early sexual debut
in this study is lower when compared with a study done in Hawassa in which forced sex as early
sexual debut was 18% [11].

The magnitude of completed rape was 2.5%. This finding was higher than a finding obtained in
Butajira high school female students where prevalence of forced sexual intercourse was 1.2%
[14] .However, it was lower than a finding in lower when we compared with findings from
Ambo and Mizan which were 13.1% and 9.1% respectively, The same is true for attempted rape
where the magnitude was 11.5% in Mizan, and 10% in Ambo [8,9]. This might be due to
increased awareness on attempted/performed rape.

Of the total 115 sexual violence 70 (33%) were happened at victim’s own home. This finding is
nearly consistent with a study done in Butajira which was 30% [14]. Most of the perpetrators
20
were school mate 32% , boyfriend (30%). This finding is consistent with studies done in
Southern Ethiopia that showed greater number of female respondents were perpetrated by
someone they closely know and the most common perpetrators were found to be school mate and
their boy friend [15]. In this study, 11% of the perpetrators were unknown by the victims.

In this study only (5.6%) of attempted rape/completed rape cases applied to legal system (to the
police and the perpetrator imprisoned). This finding consistent with a study done in Butajira [14].
However, study done in Hawassa showed that 43.7% rape was reported. even though the
patients identified 90% of the perpetrators [11].

Outcomes of compeleted rape from this study showed that unwanted pregnancy, abortion,
psychological problem was 25%, 12.5% and 62.5% respectively. This finding is comparable with
a study done in Hawasa in which unwanted pregnancy, abortion, psychological problem 23.6%,
13% and 75% respectively [11]. But higher than studies conducted in Eastern Ethiopia which
implies that 18.5%, 6.1% and 21.4% respectively [18].

21
 CHAPTER SEVEN

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The magnitude of sexual violence may be underestimated for different reasons. One is because
the issue is so sensitive that respondents may not disclose the reality. The other reason is that
since only the survivors were participated in the study those who were absent due to the outcome
of sexual violence were not represented by the study. There may also be recall bias. Since it is
cross sectional study it is difficult to assess cause and effect relationship. It is also difficult to
know which come first, dependent or independent. For example, khat chewing may precede the
act of sexual violence or females may start chewing khat after they get violated.

22
 CHAPTER EIGHT

CONCLUSION

This study revealed that sexual violence is a problem with all its negative effects among female
students in the study area. Different factors contributing for occurrence of sexual violence were
identified such as non-existence of boyfriend/husband, absence of family control and history of
conflicts with family. Physical, psychological and social effects of sexual violence were also
reported by the respondents specifying that most of the perpetrators were known by the victims
of sexual violence.

23
 CHAPTER NINE

RECOMMENDATION

Findings of the study indicated that interventions should aim to reduce or prevent sexual violence
by focusing on all of the factors identified. Emphasis should be given on involving the men/boys
in interventions that aim in prevention of violence against female students since most of the
perpetrators were males. Moreover, working in collaboration with other social and political
stakeholders to tackle the violence against female students is also mandatory. Interventions at
school level also need to be done particularly making schools safe or violence free to empower
female students attain higher education. Awareness creation to female adolescents in schools on
how to protect themselves from sexual violence, it’s devastating effects and early reporting of
cases need due considerations. It is also recommended that attempts should be made to identify
factors associated with sexual violence for which this study didn’t address

24
 REFERENCES

1. Organization, WH, Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: global,

regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against
women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence
against women, World Health Organization., 2021.
2. World Health Organization. Violence against women – Intimate partner and sexual
violence against women. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2021
3. K. Wincentak, J. Connolly, and N. Card, “Teen dating violence: a meta-analytic
review of prevalence rates,” Psychology of Violence, vol. 7, 2017.
4. S. Potter, R. Howard, S. Murphy, and M. M. Moynihan, “Long-term impacts of
college sexual assaults on women survivors' educational and career attainments,”
Journal of American College Health, vol. 66, 2018.
5. J. Heslop, J. Parkes, F. Johnson Ross, F. Alito, and E. Turner, “The code of conduct
on prevention of school-related gender-based violence: a study of policy enactment in
Ethiopia,” in UCL Institute of Education, London, UK, 2019.
6. M. Singh, “Women empowerment in public higher education institutions in
Ethiopia,” Journal of Developing country studies, vol. 9, 2019.
7. Esther A Envuladu, Ruth J Umaru, Mathilda E Banwat, Luret A Lar, Samuel Lassa,
Ayuba I Zoakah Sexual Abuse among Female Secondary School Students in Jos,
North Central Nigeria,2013

8. S. Mulugeta, A. Meleko, A. Tamiru, E. Elsaye, and Y. Bergena, “Prevalence of

sexual violence and its characteristics among female students in Aman high school,
Bench Maji Zone, south west Ethiopia” Scholars Journal of Applied Medical
Sciences, vol. 5, 2017.

25
 9. Tolesa Bekele, Wakgari Deressa, Experience of Sexual Coercion and Associated
Factors among Female Students of Ambo University in Ethiopia, Volume 2, 2014

10. Suraphel Fekadu Mekonnen, Sileshi Garoma Abeya. Sexual Violence and Associated
Factors Among Female Students of Preparatory Schools in Modjo and Bishoftu
Towns of East Showa Zone, Oromia State, Ethiopia, 2019,

11. Meleku M (2015) Prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among
female students of Hawassa University in Ethiopia.

12. Jote Markos Cafo, Agumassie Semahegn Demisie, Balcha Berhanu Abera 2014.
Assessment of Sexual Violence and Associated Factors among High School Students
in Harari Regional State, Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia.

13. Fufa Dufera , Jemal Yusuf Kebira . Lifetime Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Its
Associated Factors among High School Female Students in Jarso District, Oromia
Region, Eastern Ethiopia, 2021
14. Nimani W, Hamdela B (2015) Sexual Violence and Associated Factors among High
School Students in Butajira Town, South Ethiopia. Gen Med (Los Angel) 3: 1000196.
doi:10.4172/2327-5146.1000196
15. Hailu K, Mekuanint A, Niguse K, Efrata T, Sexual Violence and its Associated
Factors among Female High School Students in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional
Study, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020; 10(3-s):150-158
16. Bekele, T., et al. "Sexual violence and associated factors among female students of
Madawalabu University in Ethiopia." Epidemiology (sunnyvale) 5.190 (2015): 2161-
1165.
17. Henok, Andualem. Approval of Examining Board. Diss. Addis Ababa University,
2012.
18. Bekele AB, van Aken MA, Dubas JS. Sexual violence victimization among female
secondary school students in eastern Ethiopia. Violence Vict. 2011;26(5):608-30. doi:
10.1891/0886-6708.26.5.608. PMID: 22145540.
.

26
 Annex 1 Questionnaire : English Version

Consent form

Dear students,

I am interested in learning more about the magnitude of sexual violence and consequence or
sexual reproductive health problems related to your sexual experience and reproductive
health.

This questionnaire is designed for a research approved by Jimma University, school of

Midwifery to be conducted in partial fulfillment of BSc degree in Midwifery.

All the information you give me will be kept private. Don’t put your name or role number
anywhere in this questionnaire. However I really need your honest response to better
understand the prevalence of sexual violence and its consequence to it.

The result of the study will hope fully serve as an important input to recommend the
concerned bodies on the adolescent reproductive health in high school.

It will take 20-25 minute to complete the whole questionnaire

Would you be willing to participate in the study?

A. Agree

B. Disagree

Thanks!

27
Questioner developed to study about the prevalence and consequence of sexual violence
among female students of Jiren secondary school, Jimma town, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia
2022

PART – I Socio demographic characteristics

1. Residency_____

2. Age____

3. Educational status

1.9th grade ____ 2. 10th grade ____ 3. 11th grade _____ 4. 12th grade _______

4. Ethnicity

1. Oromoo _________ 2. Amara _____________

3. Dawaro___________ 4. Others (specify)______________

5. Religion 1. Muslim _________ 2. Orthodox _________

3. Protestant ____________ 4. Others (specify) ____________

6. Family marital status

1.Married __________ 2. Divorced _____________

3 Widowed _________ 4. Other _____________

7. Currently living with 1.Parents ___________ 2. Relatives _______3 Friends

4. Alone ______ 5. Other ____

8. Do you have any habit of

1.Alcohol __________ 2. Chat chewing __________

28
 3. Drug use 4. Other __________________

9. Monthly Family income (in Birr) Year__________

Part II Sexual History

1. Do you have a boyfriend?

1. Yes 2. No

2. Had sexual intercourse previously

1. Yes 2.No

3. If yes age at first sexual intercourse (years)

1. 10-14____ 2. 15-20____ 3. >20____

4. Reason for first sexual intercourse

1. Marriage______ 2. Financial______ 3. Love affair______

4. Unknown reason______ 5. Personal pleasure______ 6. Force______

PART- III– Practice and occurrence of sexual violence

1.Have you ever been sexually violated?

1. Yes ________ 2. No ________

2. If yes to no 1 what did you had?

1. Complete rape _________ 2. Attempted rape ________

3.Verbal/joke _______ 4. Touching sensitive body

5. Unwanted kiss 6.Other specify __________

3. What was your age when you were violated? ____________

29
4. What was your marital status when you violated?

1. Single _________ 2. Divorced _____________

3. Married ________ 4. Widowed __________

5. Other _______________

5. Where were you at the time of Assault?

1. Home ________

2. Perprator home________

3. Relative home _________

4. Hotel ______________

5. School _____________

6. On road

6. Do you report the event?

1. Yes __________ 2. No ___________

7.If yes to question 6 where did you reported?

1. To parents _________ 2. To friends __________

3 To police__________ 4. To health professionals _________

8. If no to Question 7 what was your reason?

1. Fear of perpetrator_______________ 2. Social influence _______________

3. Cultural reason ______________ 4.Fear of family ________________

5. Other specify _________________

9. Did you know perprator

30
 Yes no

10. If yes who is the perpetrator?

1. Boy friend/husband _______ 2. Relatives____

3. Classmates____ 4. Neigbor __________

5. Teacher____ 6. Unknown____

7. Don’t know __________. 8. Other specify __________

Part IV Consequence of sexual violence

1. Did you have any problem after the violence?

1. Yes ___________ 2. No __________

2. If yes questions to q. No 1 which of the following? [More than one answer]

1. Unwanted Pregnancy_________

2. Abortion ______________

3. Vaginal Discharge ___________

4. Physical trauma _______________

5. Psychological problem __________

6. Rejection from friends/peers______

7. Rejection from family______

8. Poor achievement in school/failure______

9. Swelling of genitalia

10. Other (specify) ________________

31
Annex 2 Questionnaire: Afaan Oromoo version

Kutaa eeyyamummaa
Kabajamtoota barattoota,
Gaaffif deebin kun Yunivarsiitii Jimmaatti muummee Miidwaayiferiirra qorannoo
adeemsifamuudha. Deebin isin kennitan kamiyyuu icciitin eegamu. As irratti maqaa keessan
katabuu hin barbaachisu. Isin irraa deebii sirrii ta'e qofa karaa amanamuummaa qabuun akka
naaf guuttanin isin gaafadha.
Gaaffii kana deebisuuf naannoo daqiiqaa 20 fudhata.
Qorannoo kana irratti ni hirmaattaa?
Eeyyee___ Lakki_____
Galatoomaa!

Kutaa – I Haala Hawaasummaa

1. Eessa jiraatta
1.Magaalaa _____ 2. Baadiyaa ____
2. Umurii
1. 10-14____ 2. 15-19___ 3. 20_24 4. 25_29
3.Sadarkaa Barnootaa
Kutaa 9ffaa ____ 2. Kutaa 10ffaa ____ 3. Kutaa 11ffaa _____ 4. Kutaa 12ffaa_______
4. Saba 1. Oromoo ________ 2. Amaaraa __
3.Dawwaaroo_________ 4. Kan biraa (ibsi)__
5. Amantii 1. Musliima _________ 2. Ortodoksii _______
3. Pirotestaantii __________ 4. Kan biraa (ibsi) ______
6. Sirna gaa'elaa kan maatii
1.Waliin jiraatu __________ 2. Wal hiikan _____________
3. Haati warraa boqotte ________ 4. Kan biraa (ibsi) _____________
7. Amma eenyu waliin jiraatta
1. Maatii ________ 2. Fira _______

32
 3 Hiriyaa _______ 4. Kophaa _____ 5. Kan biraa(ibsi) ____
8. Barteewwan armaan gadii qabdaa(deebii hundayyuu guuti)
1.Alkoolii __________ 2. Jimaa qama'uu __________
3. Qoricha sammuu adoochu 4. Kan biraa(ibsi)__________________
9. Galii maatii kan ji’aa__________

Part II Seenaa Walqunnamtii Saalaa

1. Jaalallee dhiiraa ni qabdaa?
1. Eeyyee_______ 2. Lakki________
2. Kana dura walqunnamtii saalaa gootee beektaa?
1. Eeyyee______ 2.Lakki________
3. Deebin kee eeyyeenii yoo ta'e waggaa meeqatti eegalte?
1. 10-14____ 2. 15-20____ 3. >20____
4. Sababa walqunnamtii saalaa gootef
1. Waanan Heerumeef______ 2. Qarshii barbaadaf______
3. Jaalala isaatin waanan kufeef______ 4. Sababa hin beekamneen______
5. Fedhii koo ba'achuuf______ 6. Dirqisiifamee______

PART- III– Rakkoo fi dhiibbaa walqunnamtii saalaa

1. Rakkoon karaa walqunnamtii saalaa sirra ga'ee beekaa?

Eeyyee ________ 2. Lakki ________
2. Deebin kee eeyyenii yoo ta'e rakkoo akkamiitu sirra ga'e?
1. Gudeeddamuu________ 2. Yaalii gudeeddii ________
3. Qoosaa walqunnamtii saalaa______ 4. Butii ___________
5. Kan biraa(ibsi) __________
3. Yeroo rakkoon kun sirra ga'u umuriin kee meeqa? ____________
4. Rakkoon kun yeroo sirra ga'u jireenyi gaa'ela keetii maal fakkaata?
1. Hin heermne _________ 2. Wal hiiknera ________
3. Heerumeera ________ 4. Abbaan warraa kan boqote _______
5. Kan biraa(ibsi) ____
33
5.Yeroo rakkoon kun sirra ga'u eessa jirta?
1. mana koo____ 2 . Mana yakkamtichaa
3. Mana firaa ______ 4. Hoteela ______________
5. Mana barumsaa_______ 6. Daandii gubbaa____ 7. Kan biraa____
6. Rakkicha sirra ga’e gabaastee jirtaa?
1.Eeyyee __________ 2. Lakki _________
7. Deebin kee eeyyeenii yoo ta'e eenyutti gabaaste?
1.Maatitti _________ 2. Hiriyaatti __________
3.Poolisiitti __________ 4. Ogeessa fayyaatti _________
8. Deebin kee gaaffii sadaffaa lakki yoo ta'e sababni gabaasuu dhiiftef maali?
1.Sodaa yakkamtichaa_________ 2. Dhiibbaa Hawaasaa _________
3.Sababa aadaa ____________ 4.Sodaa maatii ____________
5.Kan biraa (Ibsi) _____________
10. Yakkamticha si miidhe ni beektaa?
1. Eeyyee ___________ 2. Lakki ___________
Deebin kee eeyyenii yoo ta'e eenyudha inni?
1. Jaalallee kee____ 2. Barataa____
3. Barsiisaa____ 4. Fira____
5.Ollaa________ 6. Hin beku____

Part IV Rakkoo walqunnamtii saalan sirra ga'e miidhaa inni sitti fide
1. Erga rakkichi si muudatee miidhan sirra ga'e jiraa?
1. Eeyyee ___________ 2. Lakki __________
2. Deebin kee eeyyenii yoo ta'e maal faadha? [Deebii sirrii hunda guuti]
1. Ulfa hin barbaachifne_____ 2. Qaamni saalaa dhangala'aa baa'isuu_______
3. Miidhaa qaamaa_________ 4. Rakkoo xiinsammuu __________

34
5. Ulfa baasuu _________ 6. Hawaasa keessaa baafamuu______

7. Maatin jibbamuu______ 8. Sadarkaa barumsaan gadi bu'uu______

9. Kan biraa (ibsi) ____________

Annex 3 Questionnaire: Amharic version

የፍቃድ ቅፅ

ውድ ተማሪዎች፣

ከ እርስዎ የግብረ-ሥጋ ግንኙነት ልምድ እና ከሥነ ተዋልዶ ጤና ጋር የተዛመዱ ስለ ወሲባዊ ጥቃት እና መዘዞች ወይም ስለ
ወሲባዊ ስነ ተዋልዶ ጤና ችግሮች መጠን የበለጠ ለማወቅ ፍላጎት አለኝ።

ይህ መጠይቅ የተዘጋጀው በጅማ ዩኒቨርሲቲ፣ ሚድዋይፈሪ ትምህርት ቤት የቢኤስሲ ዲግሪ በከፊል በማሟላት ለሚካሄደው
ጥናት ነው። የምትሰጡኝ መረጃዎች በሙሉ ሚስጥራዊ ይሆናሉ።

በዚህ መጠይቅ ውስጥ የእርስዎን ስም ወይም ሚና ቁጥር በየትኛውም ቦታ አያስቀምጡ። ሆኖም የፆታዊ ጥቃት መስፋፋትን
እና የሚያስከትለውን መዘዝ በተሻለ ለመረዳት የአንተ ታማኝ ምላሽ እፈልጋለሁ።

የጥናቱ ውጤት የሚመለከታቸው አካላት በሁለተኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት በጉርምስና ዕድሜ ላይ በሚገኙ የስነ ተዋልዶ ጤና
ላይ ለመምከር እንደ ጠቃሚ ግብአት ሙሉ በሙሉ እንደሚያገለግል ተስፋ ያደርጋል።

ሙሉውን መጠይቁን ለመሙላት ከ 20-25 ደቂቃ ይወስዳል

በጥናቱ ለመሳተፍ ፈቃደኛ ትሆናለህ? ሀ. ተስማማ ለ. አልስማማም።

አመሰግናለሁ

ጠያቂው በጅማ ከተማ በኦሮሚያ ክልል ጅሬን 2 ኛ ደረጃ ት/ቤት ሴት ተማሪዎች ላይ የሚደርሰውን የፆታዊ ጥቃት
መስፋፋትና መዘዙን ለማጥናት ተዘጋጅቷል።

ክፍል - I የሶሺዮ ስነ-ሕዝብ ባህሪያት

1. የመኖሪያ ቦታ____

2. ዕድሜ____

35
3. የትምህርት ደረጃ

1. 9 ኛ ክፍል ____ 2. 10 ኛ ክፍል ____ 3. 11 ኛ ክፍል _____ 4. 12 ኛ ክፍል ____

4. ብሄረሰብ 1. Oromoo _______ 2. አማራ ___________3. Dawaro______ 4. ሌሎች (ይግለጹ)______

5. ሃይማኖት 1. ሙስሊም _______ 2. ኦርቶዶክስ _____ 3. ፕሮቴስታንት _______ 4. ሌሎች (ይግለጹ) ___

6. የቤተሰብ የጋብቻ ሁኔታ

1. ያገባ _________ 2. የተፋታ _________3. ባሏ የሞተባት _________ 4. ሌላ _________

7. በአሁኑ ጊዜ አብሮ መኖር

1.ወላጆች ___________ 2. ዘመዶች _______

3. ጓደኞች ____________ 4. ብቻውን ______ 5. ሌላ ____

8. ማንኛውም ልማድ አለህ

1. አልኮል __________ 2. ቻት ማኘክ __________

3. የመድሃኒት አጠቃቀም 4. ሌላ __________________

9. ወርሃዊ የቤተሰብ ገቢ (በብር) አመት__________

ክፍል II የወሲብ ታሪክ

1. የወንድ ጓደኛ አለህ? 1. አዎ________ 2. አይደለም________

2. ከዚህ ቀደም የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት ፈጽመዋል 1. አዎ________ 2. አይ________

1. በመጀመሪያው የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት (ዓመታት) ዕድሜው አዎ ከሆነ

1. 10-14___ 2. 15-20___ 3. >20____

2. ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ የግብረ ሥጋ ግንኙነት ምክንያት

1. ጋብቻ______ 2. ፋይናንሺያል 3. የፍቅር ጉዳይ__

4. ያልታወቀ ምክንያት______ 5. የግል ደስታ______ 6. አስገድድ

ክፍል- III- ወሲባዊ ጥቃትን መለማመድ እና መከሰት

1. ጾታዊ ጥቃት ደርሶብሃል? 1. አዎ ______ 2. አይደለም ______

2. አዎ ካልሆነ 1 ምን ነበር?

1. ሙሉ መደፈር ____ 2. የመደፈር ሙከራ ________

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 3. ወሲባዊ ትንኮሳ ______ 4. ጠለፋ ___________5. ሌላ ይግለጹ

3. ሲጣሱ ዕድሜዎ ስንት ነበር? ____________

4. ስትጣስ የጋብቻ ሁኔታህ ምን ነበር?

1. ያላገባ __________ 2. የተፋታ ______

3. ያገባ ____ 4. ባል የሞተባት ______5. ሌላ _______

5.በጥቃት ጊዜ የት ነበርክ?

1. ቤት ____ 2. አድራጊ ቤት ____

3. ዘመድ ቤት ___ 4. ሆቴል ______

5. ትምህርት ቤት___ 6. በመንገድ ላይ___

6. ክስተቱን ሪፖርት አደርጋል? 1. አዎ _____ 2. አይደለም ______

7. ለጥያቄ 6 አዎ ከሆነ የት ነው ሪፖርት ያደረጉት?

1. ለወላጆች ______ 2. ለጓደኞች __________

3 ለፖሊስ_______ 4. ለጤና ባለሙያዎች ____

8. ለጥያቄ 6 አይደለም ከሆነ ምክንያቱ ምን ነበር?

1. ወንጀለኞችን መፍራት_____ 2. ማህበራዊ ተጽእኖ ______

3. የባህል ምክንያት _______ 4. ቤተሰብን መፍራት_____ 5. ሌላ ይግለጹ ____

9. ወንጀለኛውን ያውቁ ኖሯል? 1. አዎ ______ 2. አይደለም ______

10. አዎ ከሆነ ወንጀለኛው ማነው?

1. ወንድ ጓደኛ/ባል __________ 2. ዘመዶች__________3. የክፍል ጓደኞች____

4. ጎረቤት __________ 5. መምህር__________6. ያልታወቀ__________

7. አታውቅም ________ 8. ሌላ ይግለጹ__________

ክፍል IV የፆታዊ ጥቃት መዘዝ

1. ከጥቃት በኋላ ምንም አይነት ችግር አጋጥሞዎታል? 1. አዎ ________ 2. አይደለም _________

2. አዎ ከሆነ ከሚከተሉት ውስጥ የትኛው ነው? [ከአንድ በላይ መልስ]

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1. ያልተፈለገ እርግዝና_____ 2. የሴት ብልት መፍሰስ ___

3. የአካል ጉዳት ____ 4. የስነ ልቦና ችግር ___

5. ፅንስ ማስወረድ _____ 6. ከጓደኞች/እኩዮች አለመቀበል _____

7. ከቤተሰብ አለመቀበል_____ 8. በትምህርት ቤት ውስጥ ደካማ ስኬት / ውድቀት_____

9. ሌላ ይግለጹ__________

THE END

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