Name: Alalag Elsie, Diano Zyra Date: Nov.

24, 2020
HashHash Basema, Navarro Jessie Jeng

I. TITLE: Epidemiology, Incidence, and Mortality of Leukemia in Children Early Infancy to 14 Years Old of
Age in South Central Asia: A Global Ecological Study
AUTHORS: Zaher Khazaei, Elham Goodarzi, Hossein Ali Adineh, Yousef Moradi, Malihe Sohrabivafa,
Isan Darvishi, Seyedeh Leila Denghani
SOURCE: Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics
YEAR OF PUBLICATION: February 5, 2019

I. SUMMARY

This research is a descriptive cross-sectional which aimed to evaluate the epidemiology,

incidence, and mortality rates of leukemia from early infancy to 14 years old infants in South Central Asia. In the
developed countries, cancer is considered as the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Whereas, it is the
third cause of death in the less-developed countries after CVD and accidents. Leukemia is the most common type
of cancer in infants that was reported and also one of the main causes of their death. The most common type of
cancer is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, central nervous system tumors, and lymphoma. The etiology of leukemia is still
unknown and remained to be determined.

The risk factors that has been assessed for leukemia includes environmental, genetic, and infectious
factors. Down syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Bloom syndrome and Custman syndrome are those genetic factors that
can be generated. Exposure to some medications such as alcohol and urea nitrogen and ionizing radiation can
also cause this disorder. For the treatment it has two approach chemotherapy and stem cell transplant. As for the result of
this study there were 151,407 cases of cancer in South -Central Asia that was reported, of which 48,067 (3.2%)
are related to leukemia. Men have 28,870 cases while 28, 498 cases in women. Moreover, the highest incidence rates
of leukemia were reported for Iran, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan with the ratio of 3.6, 3.2 and 3 cases per
100,000 people. Whereas, the lowest incidence rate was recorded in Bangladesh and Bhutan with the ratio of 0.8 and
0.9 cases 100,000 people, respectively in under 14-year-old infants.

II. NURSING IMPLICATIONS

A. To Nursing Practice

B. To Nursing Education
From this study, we were able to learned the epidemiology, incidents and mortality of leukemia among early
infancy to ages 14 years old in South Central Asia. It given us additional knowledge as student nurses that leukemia
is one of the cause of child mortality in country like Maldives, Nepal and Uzbekistan while the country like Iran,
Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka and Uzbekistan has the highest rate of incidents in South Central Asia. As future health care
provider, this information will benefit us especially if we are given a chance to work on those said countries because
we are already informed that leukemia was their common health problem among pediatrics.

C. To Nursing Research
This study serves as a guide to nursing research on the issues in which they should take into consideration. It also
serves as a basis to study more. We recommend that researchers should have a further study on how to have a safe
care for people with cancer at home that will lessen the risk of their safety to be compromised. Also all healthcare
professionals in hospitals and other care institutions should have regular mandatory training for cancer to improve
the the course of care given to them. The electronics prescribing in hospitals should have been improve to reduce
the risk of prescribing errors.
IV. PERSONAL INSIGHTS