10

MUSIC
Quarter 1

LEARNER’S MATERIAL
Music – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Music of the
20th Century First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

, CID Chief

, SDO EPS In-charge of LR

, EPS In-charge of LR

, EPS Subject Area In-charge

Department of Education Region 4A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Cainta Rizal

Landline: 02-868-257-73, Local 420/421

Email Address: lrmd.calabarzon@deped.gov.ph
10
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

•
•
•

PRE-TEST ASSESSMENT

1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
3.

a.
b.
4.

a.
b.

1
5.
a.
b.

6.

a.
b.

7.
a.
b.

8.
a.
b.

9.
a.
b.

10.

a.
b.

11.
a.
b.

12.
a.
b.

13.

a.
b.

14.

a.
b.

2
 LOOP A WORD

Direction: Loop or encircle the 10 words associated with music. You can find
them in vertical, horizontal and diagonal position. .

N Q B W O N F R D D
N O M F K D O M K Y
O X T I M B R E R N
L Q E E Z Y M B H A
R S X M E L O D Y M
M E T E R V N X T I
X Z U F G O F C H C
H A R M O N Y H M L
Y T E V O L U M E W

Guide Questions:

1. What are your prior ideas on the words associated with music you have
identified?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

2. List down the seven (7) Elements of Music by providing answer in the blank.

___________is the loudness of the music, but more specifically, how loudly to
play certain parts contained in a piece.

___________ also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics),

is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.

____________ is the speed of the music e.g. fast (Allegro), Moderate (Andante),
& slow (Lento / Largo).

___________ is created when two or more notes (pitches) sound at the same
time. Another way to think of it is the combination of a melody and its ac-
companiment.

___________ is how the tempo, melodic, and harmonic materials are combined
in a composition, thus determining the overall quality of the sound in a
piece.
____________ whose medium is sound and silence.

____________ is the tune of the song.

3
4
 •

In
1884, he won the top prize at the Prix de Rome competition
with his composition L’Enfant Prodigue (The Prodigal Son).

•
•
•
•
• Pelleas et Melisande (1895)—his famous operatic work that drew mixed
poulencextreme reactions for its innovative harmonies and textural
treatments.
5
 In the field of visual arts, Debussy was influenced by Monet, Pissaro,
Manet, Degas, and Renoir; and from the literary arts, by Mallarme, Verlaine
and Rimbaud. Most of his close friends were painters and poets who significantly
influenced his works. On March 25, 1918, he died of cancer at the height of the
First World War in Paris.
The creative style of Debussy was characterized by his unique approach
to the various musical elements. Debussy’s compositions deviated from the
Romantic Period and is clearly seen by the way he avoided metric pulses and
preferred free form and developed his themes

• Frankie and Johnny (1991) • Oceans 11 (2001)

• Seven Years in Tibet (1997) • Tokyo Sonata (2009)
• Fantasia (Released in 2000) • Twilight Saga
 With just few of the movies above, not mentioning the TV series, why do you
think does Claire de Lune is used in many of these movies?
 If you were a composer like Claude Debussy, what would you feel knowing
that your composition is used in those Films? Explain your reason.

•
•
•
•
•

6
 Flute Oboe Bassoon
Clarinet Saxophone Drums

Comparative Styles of Debussy and Ravel

As the two major exponents of French Impressionism in music, Debussy
and Ravel had crossed paths during their lifetime although Debussy was
thirteen years older than Ravel. While their musical works sound quite similar
in terms of their harmonic and textural characteristics, the two differed greatly
in their personalities and approach to music. Whereas Debussy was more
spontaneous and liberal in form, Ravel was very attentive to the classical norms
of musical structure and the compositional craftsmanship. Whereas Debussy
was more casual in his portrayal of visual imagery, Ravel was more formal and
exacting in the development of his motive ideas.

Impressionist
Composer

7
•

•
•
•

8
 •
•
•
•
•

He was born in Oranienbaum (now Lomonosov),

Russia on June 17, 1882. Stravinsky’s early music reflected
the influence of his teacher, the Russian composer Nikolai
Rimsky-Korsakov. But in his first notable composition “The
Firebird Suite (1910)” which was composed for Diaghilev’s
Russian Ballet, his skillful handling of material and
rhythmic inventiveness went beyond anything written by his
Russian predecessors. He added a new ingredient to his
nationalistic musical style. The Rite of Spring (1913) was
another outstanding work showcasing his new technique.
Stravinsky adapted the forms of the 18th century with
his contemporary style of writing. Despite its “shocking”
modernity, his music is also very structured, precise,
controlled, full of artifice, and theatricality.
Stravinsky wrote approximately 127 works, including concerti, orchestral
music, instrumental music, operas, ballets, solo vocal, and choral music.
Concerti or concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or
instruments accompanied by an orchestra, especially one conceived on a
relatively large scale. He died in New York City on April 6, 1971.

•
9
OTHER MUSICAL STYLES
Primitivism
Primitivism has links to Exoticism through the use of materials from other
cultures, Nationalism through the use of materials indigenous to specific
countries, and Ethnicism through the use of materials from European ethnic
groups. Two well-known proponents of this style were Stravinsky and Bela
Bartok. It eventually evolved into Neo-classicism.

BELA BARTOK (1881–1945)

Bela Bartok was born in Nagyszentmiklos, Hungary
(now Romania) on March 25, 1881, to musical parents. He
started piano lessons with his mother and later entered
Budapest Royal Academy of Music in 1899. He was
inspired by the performance of Richard Strauss’s Also
Sprach Zarathustra to write his first nationalistic poem,
Kossuth in 1903. He was a concert pianist as he travelled
exploring the music of Hungarian peasants.
Bartok is most famous for his Six String Quartets (1908–
1938). The Concerto for Orchestra (1943), a five-movement work
composed late in Bartok’s life, features the exceptional talents of its various soloists in an
intricately constructed piece. The short and popular Allegro Barbaro (1911) for solo piano
is punctuated with swirling rhythms and percussive chords, while Mikrokosmos (1926–
1939), a set of six books containing progressive technical piano pieces, introduced and
familiarized the piano student with contemporary harmony and rhythm.
Neo-Classicism

Neo-classicism was a moderating factor between the emotional excesses of

the Romantic period and the violent impulses of the soul in expressionism. It
was, in essence, a partial return to an earlier style of writing, particularly the
tightly-knit form of the Classical period, while combining tonal harmonies with
slight dissonances. It also adopted a modern, freer use of the seven-note diatonic
scale.

SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891–1953)

Sergei Prokofieff is regarded today as a combination of
neo-classicist, nationalist, and Avant Garde composer.
Born in the Ukraine in 1891, Prokofieff set out for the
St. Petersburg Conservatory equipped with his great talent as
a composer and pianist.
His contacts with Diaghilev and Stravinsky gave him
the chance to write music for the ballet and opera, notably the
ballet Romeo and Juliet and the opera War and Peace. Much of
Prokofieff’s opera was left unfinished, due in part to resistance
by the performers themselves to the seemingly offensive
musical content. He became prolific in writing symphonies, chamber music,
concerti, and solo instrumental music. He also wrote Peter and the Wolf, a light
hearted orchestral work intended for children, to appease the continuing
government crackdown on Avant Garde composers at the time.
10
WHO’s COMPOSITION IS IT?

Composer Compositions

Arnold Schoenberg

Igor Stravinsky

Bela Bartok

Sergei Prokofieff

FRANCIS POULENC (1899–1963)

Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc was a member of the group of

young French composers known as “Les Six.” He rejected the heavy
romanticism of Wagner and the so-called imprecision of Debussy
and Ravel.
Poulenc’s vocal output, meanwhile, revealed his strength as a
lyrical melodist. His opera works included Les Mamelles de Tiresias
(1944), which revealed his light-hearted character; Dialogues des
Carmelites (1956), which highlighted his conservative writing style;
and La Voix Humane (1958), which reflected his own turbulent
emotional life. Other members of “Les Six” Georges Auric (1899–1983), Louis Durey
(1888–1979), Arthur Honegger (1882–1955), Darius Milhaud (1892–1974), Germaine
Tailleferre (1892–1983);the only female in the group.

LES SIX

LES SIX

11
Avant Garde Music
Closely associated with electronic music, the Avant Garde movement dealt
with the parameters or the dimensions of sound in space. The Avant Garde style
exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note
groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered.
Improvisation was a necessity in this style.
GEORGE GERSHWIN (1898–1937)
George Gershwin was born in New York to Russian Jewish
immigrants. His older brother Ira was his artistic collaborator who
wrote the lyrics of his songs. His first song was written in 1916
and his first Broadway musical La La Lucille in 1919. Considered
the “Father of American Jazz,” his “mixture of the primitive and
the sophisticated” gave his music an appeal that has lasted long
after his death. His musical compositions total around 369which
include orchestral music, chamber music, musical theatre, film
musicals, operas, and songs. He died in Hollywood, California,
U.S.A. on July 11, 1937.

LEONARD BERNSTEIN (1918–1990)

Born in Massachussetts, USA, Leonard Bernstein
endeared himself to his many followers as a charismatic
conductor, pianist, composer, and lecturer. His big break came
when he was asked to substitute for the ailing Bruno Walter in
conducting the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in a concert
on November 14, 1943.
Bernstein is best known for his compositions for the
stage. Foremost among these is the Musical West Side Story
(1957), an American version of Romeo and Juliet, which displays a tuneful,
off-beat, and highly atonal approach to the songs.

One of the most commercially successful minimalist composer

is Philip Glass who is also an Avant Garde composer. He
explored the territories of ballet, opera, theater, film, and even
television jingles

Direction. Complete and expound the statements below.

1. Instead of presenting an impression, Expressionistic music is?
2. The themes and melody of Impressionistic music is easy to recognize and en-
joy because…
3. Modern Nationalistic composers and innovators choose to combine the mod-
ern techniques with folk materials because ...

12
ACTIVITY 1. WORD SEARCH: Find and circle these words in the
puzzle below. Words may appear horizontally or vertically.

Impressionism Neo-Classical Avant Garde

Expressionism Modern Nationalism

13
NEW MUSICAL STYLES
Electronic Music
Music that uses the tape recorder is called musique concrete, or concrete
music. The composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment
such as the bustle of traffic, the sound of the wind, the barking of dogs, the
strumming of a guitar, or the cry of an infant.

EDGARD VARESE (1883–1965)

Edgard (also spelled Edgar) Varèse was born on December
22, 1883. He was considered an “innovative French-born
composer.” However, he spent the greater part of his life and
career in the United States, where he pioneered and created new
sounds that bordered between music and noise.
Varèse’s use of new instruments and electronic resources
made him the “Father of Electronic Music” and he was described
as the “Stratospheric Colossus of Sound.” His musical
compositions total around 50, with his advances in tape-based
sound proving revolutionary during his time. He died on November 6, 1965.

paper:

14
 •

•
•

1.

2.

• , B - Base of the Palms, F–

Fingers together.
• B, F-B-B, F-B, B-F-B-F-B-F (Repeat process until you get the beat)

15
•

•
•

16
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
4. ____________
5. ____________

B. Directions: Draw a line to match the composers with their musical

works
A B
1. Claude Debussy a. Peter and the Wolf
2. George Gershwin b. The Firebird Suite
3. Sergei Prokofieff c. Six Strings Quartet
4. Igor Stravinsky d. Poeme Electronique
5. Bela Bartok e. LICHT (Light)
6. Edgard Varese f. Four Minutes and Thirty Three
Seconds
7. Karlheinz Stockhausen g. Three Piano Pieces Op. 11 no.1
8. John Cage h. Jeaux d Eau (Water Fountain)
9. Arnold Schoenberg i. Clair de Lune
10. Maurice Ravel j. Rhapsody in Blue

17
A. Direction. Complete the statements below.
1. The styles of 20th century classical music studied in this lesson are
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. The style that I like most is _______________________________________

because__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

B. Direction: Give an example of a musical work of the following 20th century

composers. Write your answers in the table below.

Composer Musical Work

Debussy

Ravel

Schoenberg

Stravinsky

Bartok

Prokofieff

Gershwin

Varese

Stockhausen

Cage

18
 •

2.

• You can also download and use the SUPERPAD App to create an electronic
music output.

Poor (1)

19
I.

1.

a.
b.
2.

a.
b.
3.

a.
b.
4.

a.
b.
5.
a.
b.
6.

a.
b.
7.
a.
b.
8.
a.
b.
9.
a.
b.
10.

a.
b.

•
20
21
22