16.

1 Name

Step It Out
Learn the Math
EXAMPLE 1 Write an equation for the graph of the trigonometric function by using its key
characteristics.
Identify the parent function.
y
Compare the y-intercept of the graph to the graphs of sine and 2
cosine. With no horizontal translation, identify y = sin x as 1.5
the parent function.
1
Identify the amplitude.
0.5
The graph shows that the maximum value is __ ​​ 32 ​​ and the
x
minimum value is -​​ __2 ​​. Halfway between these values is the
3
0
π 2π 3π
midline, which is at y = 0. The amplitude a of the graph is __ ​​ 32 .​​
-0.5
Identify the period. Then solve for b.
-1
The graph repeats itself in intervals of 3π. So, the period of
the graph is 3π. -1.5

2πb = 3π → b = _ ​​  3 ​​  -2

2
Write an equation.
y=_
2 ( )
​​  3 ​​  sin​​ _
​  2 ​ x ​​
3

Do the Math
Write an equation for the graph.
Identify the parent function.
The parent function is y = because the y-intercept y
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

3
is a maxiumum value.
Identify the amplitude. 2
From the graph, you can see that the maximum value is
1
and the minimum value is - . Halfway between these
x
values is the midline, which is at y = 0. The amplitude a of 0
π 2π 3π
the graph is . -1
Identify the period. Then solve for b.
-2
The graph repeats itself in intervals of .
So, the period of the graph is . -3

2πb = →b=

Write an equation.
y= (
 cos ​​ )
x ​​

Algebra 2 223 Journal and Practice Workbook

Learn the Math
EXAMPLE 2 For each sound wave, determine the frequency, write an equation to model the air
pressure P (in pascals) as a function of time t (in seconds), and graph the function.

Use a sine function to model a sound wave with Use a cosine function to model a sound wave with
a period of 0.000625 second and an amplitude of a period of 0.00125 second and an amplitude of
4 pascals. 3 pascals.

Identify the frequency. Identify the frequency.

frequency = _ ​​  1   ​​ 
=_ ​​  1   ​​ 
= 1600Hz frequency = _ ​​  1   ​​ 
=_ ​​  1   ​​ 
= 800Hz
period 0.000625 period 0.00125
Write an equation. Write an equation.
period _ period _
a = 4, b = ​​ _  = ​​  0.000625
 ​​   ​​ 
  a = 3, b = ​​ _  = ​​  0.00125
 ​​   ​​ 
 
2π 2π 2π 2π

((
P​​(t)​​ = 4  sin​​ ​ _ ))
​  2π  ​ 
0.000625
t​ ​​ = 4 sin 3200πt ((
P​​(t)​​ = 3  cos​​ ​ _ ))
​  2π  ​ 
0.00125
​t ​​ = 3 cos 1600πt

Graph the function. Graph the function.

5 P(t) 5 P(t)

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1
t t
0 0
0.00125 0.0025 0.00125 0.0025 0.00375
-1 -1

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

-2 -2

-3 -3

-4 -4

-5 -5

Do the Math
Determine the frequency, write an equation to model the air pressure
P (in pascals) as a function of time t (in seconds), and graph the function.
Use a sine function to model a sound wave with a period of 0.0005 second and an
amplitude of 2 pascals.

Algebra 2 224 Journal and Practice Workbook

 LESSON 16.1
Name
More Practice
ONLINE ONL IN E
Video Tutorials and
Video Tutorials and
Interactive Examples
Identify the vertical stretch or compression a and the horizontal stretch Interactive Examples
or compression b for each trigonometric function. Then graph the
function and identify the amplitude and period.

1. y = _
1
​​   ​​  sin  3x 2. y = 2  cos ​​ _  ​​ 
x
2 2
y y

x x
0 0

3. y = -3  sin ​​ _  ​​ 
x 4. y = -5 cos ​πx​
4
y y

x x
0 0
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Write an equation for each graph using the sine or cosine function.
Show your work.

5. y 6. y
3 1

2 0.75

1 0.5
x
0 0.25
π 2π
x
-1 0
π 2π
-2 -0.25

-3 -0.5

-0.75

-1

Algebra 2 225 Journal and Practice Workbook

7. Math on the Spot  Use a sine function to graph a sound wave with a period of
0.004 seconds and an amplitude of 5 cm. Find the frequency in hertz of this
sound wave.

8. Critique Reasoning  Jeremy says that the equation of a cosine function with a
vertical stretch of 4 and a horizontal stretch of 2 is y = 4 cos 2x. Explain his error
and write the correct equation.

9. A mass on a spring rests at its equilibrium position. The mass is y

10
pulled down vertically 8 cm below its equilibrium position before
being released. Every 1.5 seconds, the mass oscillates from down
to up to down again. 5
A. Use a cosine function to represent the mass’s vertical
displacement relative to its equilibrium position over time.
x
0
2.5 5
B. What is the amplitude of the function? What is the period of
the function? -5

C. Graph the cosine function you wrote in Part A. -10

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

10. The time between consecutive maximum values of a radio wave 2
y
is 0.005 seconds. The difference between the maximum and
minimum displacement of the wave is 2.8 kilometers. Write a
sine function to model the radio wave. Then graph the function. 1

x
0
0.01 0.02

-1

-2

11. Which function has a period of 14?

y = sin​(14x)​​
A  ​ C  ​ (7 )
y = sin​ _
​  π  ​x  ​

y = sin​ _
B  ​ ( 141 )
​    ​ x ​ y = sin​(_
D  ​ ​  π ​ x  )​
7
Algebra 2 226 Journal and Practice Workbook