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Intoducing China
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There are few countries in the world with a
culture as distinct as China. A country of
beauty and culture Explore offers
contrasts, China Asia's hidden gem Beijing,
thriving
as you explore Asia. Shanghai, and Hong Kong, but also
extremely rural and underdeveloped areas in
the western part of the country. This is a

CHINA
country stuck between the developed and
developing world. Rapid change has
attracted curious people from around the
globe, so it’s a great time to dip your toes
into this amazing culture and explore the
And Beyond country. Each day creates a new China.

China, officially the People's Republic of China,

is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most
populous country, with a population of around
1.4 billion in 2019. Covering approximately 9.6

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million square kilometers, it is the world's third or
fourth largest country by area.

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China CIVILIZATION
For the purposes of this
article, ancient Chinese
civilization refers to that
period of China's history
which began in the early
2nd millennium BCE, when Brief History
a literate, city-based
culture first emerged, to
the end of the Han
dynasty, in 220 CE.
Pre-1600 BC China is charted
mainly by legend and pre-
historic evidence. The ancient
China era was c. 1600–221 BC.
The imperial era was 221 BC –
1912 AD, from China's
unification under Qin rule till
the end of the Qing Dynasty,
the Republic of China era from
1912, and the modern China
era from 1949.

Silk Road
Based on the article Silk Road, also
called Silk Route, that carried goods
and ideas between the two great
civilizations of Rome and China. Silk
Road was important because it
helped to generate trade and
commerce between a number of
different kingdoms and empires. This
helped for ideas, culture, inventions,
and unique products to spread
across much of the settled world.
The greatest value of the Silk Road
was the exchange of culture. Art,
religion, philosophy, technology,
language, science, architecture, and
every other element of civilization
was exchanged along these routes,
carried with the commercial goods
the merchants traded from country
to country.
Yellow River and
Yangze River
According to my research the two great rivers
ANCIENT
run through China Proper: the Yellow River in
the north, and the Yangtze (or Yangzi ) River
to the south. In fact, most of China Proper
belongs to the drainage-basins of these two
rivers. Both originate to the far west in the
China
Tibetan Plateau.
The Yangtze is the most important river
of China. It is the country's principal
waterway, and its basin is China's great
granary and contains nearly one-third of
Ancient China was one of the oldest and longest lasting the national population.
civilizations in the history of the world. The history of
The ancient Chinese people adapted to the
Ancient China can be traced back over 4,000 years.
environment by using the natural resources it
Located on the eastern part of the continent of Asia,
provided. The ancient Chinese settled along
today China is the most populous country in the world.
the Huang He River, also known in English as
the Yellow River. The ancient Chinese used the
Huang He River to fish, farm, and irrigate the
land.
Oracle Bones
The practice of telling the future through oracle bones is known as scapulimancy ,
plastromancy or pyromancy . These methods all declined when the book known as the
I-Ching became more popular in the Zhou Dynasty.
The desire to know the future has been a constant in human history and the people of
China during the Shang Dynasty were no different along these lines than people today.
These spirits would communicate with the psychics through the oracle bones. Each
fortune-teller had his or her area of expertise but could answer questions on any topic.
The bones/shells were then kept in the fortune-teller's shop.
 Dynasties
(a line of hereditary rulers of a country.)
The 13 Dynasties that Ruled China in
Order:
1. Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BC)
2. Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1050 BC)
3. Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046-256 BC)
4. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC)
5. Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 AD)
6. Six Dynasties Period
7. Sui Dynasty (581-618)
8. Tang Dynasty (618-906)
9. Five Dynasties Period,
Ten Kingdoms (907-960)
10. Song Dynasty (960-1279)
11. Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368)
Taoism is a Chinese philosophy attributed to Lao Tzu which contributed to
12. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
13. Qing Dynasty (1644-1912)
emphasizes doing what is natural and «going with the flow» in accordance
with the Tao , a cosmic force which flows through all things and binds and
ancestor and spirit worship but both of these principles are observed by
Philosophy
Confusianism
Confucianism is often characterized as a system of social and ethical
philosophy rather than a religion. In fact, Confucianism built on an ancient
religious foundation to establish the social values, institutions, and
Legalism
transcendent ideals of traditional Chinese society. It was what sociologist
Robert Bellah called a «civil religion,» the sense of religious identity and
common moral understanding at the foundation of a society's central
institutions. The imperial family and other notables sponsored the publication
of morality books that encouraged the practice of Confucian values: respect
for parents,loyalty to government, and keeping to one's place in society—
Legalism, school of Chinese philosophy that attained prominence during the turbulent
farmers should remain farmers, and practice the ethics of farming. It
prescribed a lofty ideal for the state: the ruler was to be a father to his people
Warring States era and, through the influence of the philosophers Shang Yang, Li Si, and
Hanfeizi, formed the ideological basis of China’s first imperial dynasty, the Qin .The three
and look after their basic needs. It required officials to criticize their rulers and
refuse to serve the corrupt.
main precepts of these Legalist philosophers are the strict application of widely publicized
laws , the application of such management techniques as accountability and «showing
nothing» , and the manipulation of political purchase .
Thus social harmony cannot be assured through the recognition by the people of the virtue
of their ruler, but only through strong state control and absolute obedience to authority.
They stressed the direction of all human activity toward the goal of increasing the power of
the ruler and the state.
Taoism
the folk religion of the people primarily in the rural areas of China and
became the official religion of the country under the Tang Dynasty. It
releases them.
The original belief may or may not have included practices such as
many Taoists today and have been for centuries.
ATTRACTIONS SICHUAN
This place is a major province in southwest China. It is famous for spicy foods, and also for giant pandas. This place is also a
large province in China. The size of Sichuan is at 485,000 km² which is larger than Germany. Sichuan has mountainous
plateau, and also, it's population is at 81.1 million. The rural regions of Sichuan Province are among the poorest in China. Low-
income households have an average annual per capita income of less than 500 EUR, and the province contains 36 counties
officially declared as "national poverty counties" by the Chinese government. In Sichuan, we can look for different
mountains such as The Mount Gongga which is the highest mountain in Sichuan province, China. It is also known to locals as
"The King of Sichuan Mountains". When you go at the top of this mountain, it's just like standing in clouds because of it's
ginormous height. We can also include the Mount Emei, which is one of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. It is is
about 3000 meters high. Mt. Emei sits at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin. When you also go here, it's like you climed
the whole mountain for 2 days, it's bottom part is almost very tropical.

Great Wall of China

Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands,
mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometers (5,500 miles) from east to
west of China. It is made mostly of earth and stone, the wall stretched from the China Sea port of
Shanhaiguan over 3,000 miles west into Gansu province. In some strategic areas, sections of the
wall overlapped for maximum security (including the Badaling stretch, north of Beijing, that was
later restored during the Ming Dynasty). The Great wall of China was built as a military defense
line to defend the invasions of other Nations.

Forbidden City
The Forbidden City was the imperial palace and the political heart of China during the
Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a palace complex in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China,
measuring 961 meters in length and 753 meters in width, and with a total area of
720,000 square meters, and is the largest palace in the world. This place is 600 years
old and It has more than 90 palace quarters and courtyards, 980 buildings and over
8,728 rooms. When you visit here, a visit inside can be both unforseen or challenging.
 Giant Panda
The giant panda, also known as the panda
bear or simply the panda, is a bear native to
south central China. It has Large, Black
patches around its eyes, over the ears, and
across its body. Though it belongs to the
Carnivora (placental mammals that have
specialized in primarily eating flesh), the giant
panda is a folivore (a herbivore that
specializes in eating leaves), with bamboo
shoots and leaves making up more than 99%
of its diet.
Did you know?
Pangolins are known as the guardians of
the forest because they protect forests
from termite destruction, maintaining a
balanced ecosystem.
Public efforts to prevent poaching of
pangolins in China are gaining traction,
such as this PSA featuring Jackie Chan,
produced through a partnership between
WildAid and The Nature Conservancy.

Did you know? Chinese Pangolin

The government has adopted a three-pronged approach
to promote the survival of the giant panda as a wild
animal species:
Protecting the giant panda's habitat
-The most important work to save the giant panda is to
protect their habitat. Without this, pandas could only
survive in captivity.
Captive breeding and introducing pandas to the wild
-Unlike ordinary zoos or attractions, panda research
centers focus on research and breeding. There are
several panda centers around Chengdu to breed pandas,
educate people about protecting pandas, and to do
research to help save this lovely species.
Laws to stop panda hunting
-The giant panda is known as the 'national treasure' of
China. It's one of the "first class protected species"
according to China's Wild Animal Protection Law.
The Chinese pangolin is a pangolin native
to the Northern Indian subcontinent,
Northern Parts of Southeast Asian and
Southern China. They are scale covered
mammals that resembles armadillos in
appearance and anteaters in behavior.
The Chinese Pangolin are Insectivores
(animals that eat insects) and they can
weigh from 4.4 pounds to 15 pounds.
Chinese Pangolins have many features
that are similar to anteaters. In Pangolin
species, Chinese Pangolins are hunted in
China, and the most endangered of them
all. Its meat is considered as a delicacy
and it's scales are used in traditional
medicine.
 What we can do?
We can start Anti-poaching programs to prevent the extinction of these animals
that are very important to the ecosystem of China that we can apply in the whole
world. We can also educate the Chinese (people) about the importance of these
animals regarding their role in the ecosystem of the country that they live in, and
that they be merciful to these animals and thankful about their existence. With
that being said, they should then know that these animals are useful and helpful to
the ecosystem.

Inventions and Discoveries According to Robert Temple’s highly-regarded

history of Chinese inventions, The Genius of
Gun powder
China, the Han Dynasty saw the development of

The Suspension Bridge the suspension bridge, a flat roadway

suspended from cables, which probably evolved
from simple rope bridges developed to span
small gorges. But by 90 A.D., Han engineers
were building more sophisticated structures with
wooden planks.
Invented in the 800s AD
A huge roll of firecrackers: Firecrackers
are a very popular use of gunpowder in
China. Gunpowder is a mixture of
charcoal, saltpeter and sulfur. This mixture
was invented and gradually improved by
Chinese alchemists in the Tang Empire
(618–907).

Inventions and Discoveries
Paper
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to
China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official
attached to the Imperial court during the Han
Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of
paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along
with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.
Deep Drilling
Han Dynasty salt miners in the First Century
B.C. were the first to build derricks and use
cast iron drill bits to dig holes as deep as
4,800 feet into the Earth in search of brine,
which they would extract from below with
tubes, according to Temple’s book. The
technique they developed was the forerunner
of modern oil and gas exploration.
Porcelane
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating
materials, generally including a material like
kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200
and 1,400 °C.
Compass
The compass was invented in China during the
Han Dynasty between the 2nd century BC and 1st
century AD where it was called the "south-
governor" (sīnán 司南 ). ... People in ancient China
discovered that if a lodestone was suspended so
it could turn freely, it would always point toward
the magnetic poles.
Printing
Printing was invented in China during the Tang
Dynasty (618-906 AD). The earliest form of
Chinese printing relied on blocks cut from wood.
... These blocks were used to print textiles and
reproduce Buddhist texts. Short religious texts
printed in this fashion was carried as charms.
Wheelbarrow
The wheelbarrow was invented in China in the
first century. The wheelbarrow was invented by a
man in the Chinese army named Chuk Liang. The
wheelbarrow was invented to make chores easier
to do. ... Farmers used the wheelbarrow to carry
crops to the market.The wheelbarrow was
invented in China in the first century. The
wheelbarrow was invented by a man in the
Chinese army named Chuk Liang. The
wheelbarrow was invented to make chores easier
to do. ... Farmers used the wheelbarrow to carry
crops to the market.
 "A journey of a
What to do?
Ancient Chinese inventions revolutionized many industries that we take for granted
thousand miles, begins today. Without paper, there would be no books, without the compass, traveling
in a single step." would have been curtailed, without printing, there would be no paper money. That's
-Chinese proverb why it is very important. We should start preserving and maintaining these
opportunities we have and pass it to the next generation.

Did you know?

“There were major inventions

and developments in science
and technology,” that came
from China and changed the
world.

Why it is important to preserve History? "Never

underestimate the
power of dreams
Historic preservation helps keep communities beautiful, vibrant, and
and the influence of
livable, and gives people a stake in their surroundings. It connects people
with their past, and with one another. ... Historic buildings provide a sense the human spirit"
of stability and provide a tangible link with the past that all can experience. -Chinese proverb
 https://l.messenger.com/l.php?

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