VERBAL CATEGORIES.

VERB
CONJUGATION. NON-FINITE
FORMS

Prepared by: Maksat D, Kydykenova.D,Ryskaliyeva.D

 The verb in Old English has the following categories: person,
number, tense and mood.
Number

Singular Plural

The choice of singular or plural form depends on the number of the

noun/pronoun subject of the sentence.
For example:

Ic wrīte (singular)
Wē wrītað (plural)
Person
There were three person
forms in Old English:
first, second and third.

For example:
First person — ic wrīte
Second person — þū
wrītest
Third person — hē wrīteþ,
wrīt, wrītaþ
 THE CATEGORY OF TENSE

PRESENT PAST

THERE WAS NO FUTURE TENSE IN OLD ENGLISH, FUTURE EVENTS WERE

EXPRESSED WITH THE HELP OF A PRESENT TENSE VERB + AN ADVERB
DENOTING FUTURITY OR A COMBINATION OF A MODAL VERB (GENERALLY)
SCULAN (SHALL) OR WILLAN (WILL) + AN INFINITIVE
FOR EXAMPLE(PRESENT TENSE)
1.WILLE IC ĀSECЗAN MǼRUM ÞEODNE 2.SE CYNIN AND OA RICOSTAN MEN
ǼRENDE. DRMCACF MEOLC
(I WANT TO TELL THE GLORIOUS (THE KING AND THE RICHEST MEN DRINK
PRINCE MY MISSION) MILK)
 Past tense
The past tense was used in a most general sense to indicate various events
in the past (including those which are nowadays expressed by the forms of
the past continuous, past perfect, present perfect and other analytical
forms). For example:
his here on tu tonumen
(army divided into two parts)
The category of mood

Indicative Subjunctive(Conjunctive)
Imperative
Jif du wsere her. mere min brooor dead; (if he were here, my brother
wouldn't be dead)

hey ft and bletsao oe ser heswelte (he will eat and bless you before
he/supposedly will/ die)
sunu min, hlyste minre lore (my son,
that you would listen to my words)
 1.The Infinitive had no verbal
categories whatsoever.

2.The Participle, as a verbal

adjective, which characterized
both by verbal and nominal
categories.

There were two non-finite

forms in the Old English verb
system: the Infinitive and the
Participle.
Tense/ Voice Active Passive

Participle
I
Present maciend -
e
“making”

Participle
Past II āȝān Participle II (ȝe) macod “make”
“gone”
The gerund is another verbid that serves as the verbal
name of a process and combines verbal features with
those of a noun; the gerund, like the infinitive, can be
characterized as a phenomenon of hybrid processual-
substantive nature, intermediary between the verb and
the noun
Let us compare their lexical meaning, syntactical
functions and morphological characteristics.

SYNTACTICAL CHARACTERISTICS HAVE morphological characteristics.

SOME DIFFERENCES. THE MAIN
SYNTACTICAL FUNCTION OF THE FINITE
FORM IS THAT OF A PREDICATE WHILE THE
NON-FINITE FORMS NEVER PERFORM SUCH A
FUNCTION. THEY MAY BE USED IN SUCH
FUNCTIONS AS A SUBJECT, AN OBJECT, AN
ATTRIBUTE, AN ADVERBIAL MODIFIER OR AS
PARTS OF COMPOUND PREDICATES, E.G.
The finite forms possess such
morphological categories as the
category of person, number,
tense, relativity or correlation,
aspect, voice, and mood.
 Participle I (present participle)
is fully homonymous with the gerund: it is also an
‘ing-form’ (or, rather, four ‘ing-forms’, cf.: writing,
being written, having written, having been written).

Participle II, like participle I, denotes processual quality

and can be characterized as a phenomenon of hybrid
processual-qualifying nature.