Theme: The noun and its grammatical

categories
Points:

1 The definition of the noun, its semantic,morphological and syntactic

features.

2. The ways of expressing gender in English nouns.

3. The grammatical category of number in nouns.

4. The grammatical category of case.

5. The main function of the article.

 The definition of the noun, its semantic,morphological and syntactic

features .
A noun is a significant part of speech that has the meaning of
objectivity and expresses it in the categories of gender, number, case; its
main syntactic function is the subject.
A noun is a huge class of words (about 34,000 nouns are recorded in
dictionaries). A noun can name all the persons, objects, phenomena,
abstract concepts, signs, actions, various relationships that exist around us
(in Latin, substantius is the name of an entity).
The semantic feature of a noun is objectivity, which is widely understood. It includes not only the
names of objects, but also various phenomena of reality, qualities, properties, actions, etc.
Subjectivity is the categorical meaning of a noun, which consists in the fact that nouns serve as
expressions of independent representations, are thought independently and independently of
other representations (cf. green and green).
The meaning of objectivity is revealed in nouns with the help of questions who? So what? The
meaning of objectivity is decisive for a noun and affects all its other features – morphological and
syntactic.

Syntactic properties . As words with a subject meaning, nouns are defined by adjectives that
show the quality of the subject and agree with them in gender, number, case.
A noun can be defined by generically qualitative pronouns, ordinal numerals, which also
agree with it in gender, number, case, i.e. the noun acts as a grammatically dominant word,
because it has independent grammatical categories.
Nouns are controlled by verbs, adjectives, other nouns, etc., i.e. they act as dependent words:
to see the sun, ready for a lesson, a book of poems.
Now let's figure out which words in English have a gender

• Gender in animate nouns and pronouns

• Gender in professions in English
• The genus of animals in English
• Inanimate objects that have a gender in English
 The history of the English genus

Previously, the genus was designated by a separate word,

which was placed before the noun. It was something like an
article. At that time, the British used the masculine article se
and the feminine article seo. And before all nouns (including
inanimate ones), one of the two articles was put.This lasted
until 1100-1200, then it began to fade. The reason for the
disappearance of genera in English is not known for certain, but
it is believed that the influence of the Viking languages in the
8th-11th centuries served as that. Generic articles disappeared,
only the definite and indefinite remained.
 The grammatical category of number in nouns.
The main way to express the grammatical meaning
of a number is the ending. In addition, the value of

The category of the number of a noun is an the number can be expressed:

expression of the opposition of one object or a) using the suffix -a- (brother — brother-a-a, ear

phenomenon to a separate set of the same objects —ear-a -a),

or phenomena: house — houses, song — songs, b) by replacing the suffix (kitten — kittens),

window — windows. All nouns have the meaning c) changing the place of stress (hand — hand,

of either singular (one subject) or plural (several century — century),

of the same subjects). d) alternating sounds (friend — friends),

e) suppletive way (child — children).
Case is an immanent morphological category
of a noun, manifested in the forms of
declension of nouns and showing the
relationship of the referent of the noun to
other objects and phenomena. From a
theoretical point of view, the grammatical
category of the case presents some problem,
in connection with which the following four
special points of view have been put forward
at different times.

In accordance with the theory of positional cases, the
immutable forms of the noun are differentiated as
different cases by virtue of functional positionsoccupied
by a noun in a sentence. Thus, an English noun, by
analogy with classical Latin grammar, will distinguish,
in addition to the inflectional genitive case, also non-
inflectional, purely positional cases: nominative,
vocative, dative and accusative.
For example:
Nominative case (subject to verb): The rain
is ending.Vocative case (appeal): Are you
coming, my friend?
Dative case (indirect object): / gave John a
penny.
Accusative case (direct subject, as well as
prepositional subject): A man killed a rat.
The earth is moistened by rain.
 The main function of the article.

T h e m a i n f u n c t i o n o f t h e a r t i c l e i s t o i n d i c a t e
t h e d e f i n i t e n e s s o r u n c e r t a i n t y o f t h e n o u n .

Therefore, there are two articles in English — the indefinite article

a/an (indefinite article) and the definite article the (definite
article). There is also such a thing as a zero article.
The morphological function is an indicator of the
noun.
Syntactic function – defines the left border of an
attributive phrase. In this function, it is easily
replaced by an indicative pronoun.
The main semantic function is the actualization of
the concept. The article correlates this or that
concept with the reality presented in the context.
Actualization reflects the subjective attitude of the
speaker.