2018 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT)

The Gateway Hotel, XION Complex, Wakad Road, Pune, India. Apr 06-08, 2018

Harmonic Impact of Grid Connected Photovoltaic

system on Low Voltage Power system

Mr. Amit Agrawal Dr .Dharmendra Kumar Singh

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical &Electronics Engineering
Dr. C V Raman University Dr. C V Raman University
Kota, Bilaspur (C.G.) Kota, Bilaspur (C.G.)
amitagrawal_bit@rediffmail.com dmsingh2001@rediffmail.com

Abstract-Harmonics is a common problem which persists in all Table I Voltage Distortion limit
types of system; however there is certain limit of harmonic as
defined by IEEE standard. If the harmonic is below that limit then Bus Voltage at Individual Total harmonic
the system operation will be satisfactory. Now a day the demand of
PCC Harmonics in distortion in
Grid connected Photovoltaic system (PV) is increasing continuously
because cost of installation is reducing. The acceptable value of PV % %
connection depends on various parameters. Unregulated utilization V助NY 5.0 8.0
of Photovoltaic system can have a large impact on load 3.0 5.0
characteristics and system power quality. This paper discusses the 1kV<V助N9
harmonic impact on power system due to large integration of PV
system. The novelty of the paper is that the harmonic capability of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the common used index to
power distribution system is analyzed for different PV system indicate the level harmonic distortion the THD can be
loading. For Simulation study PV Connected distribution system of calculated using
Dr. C. V. Raman University, Kota is considered. ETAP Software is
used to perform the simulation study. The system parameter is
taken from actual site condition.
(1)

Keywords- PV Solar, Harmonic, LV distribution system.

Where Fi is the amplitude of ith harmonic, and F1 is for
I INTRODUCTION fundamental component[3].

Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have major contribution Individual frequency components are aggregated based on rms
to the power balance on few utility distribution systems. calculation as shown in below equation
Installation of PV generation focuses on converting as much
irradiant power as possible. This design goal is appropriate when
the installed capacity of PV generation plant is low. However (2)
when installed capacity of PV generation increases beyond some
loading point it creates various problem in the power system, Where F represent voltage (V) and current (I) in rms value
harmonic is among one of them. The PV system electrical output represent the harmonic order, I is a simple counter [4].
at the PCC should comply with IEEE Std 519-2014 and should
be used to define the acceptable distortion levels for PV systems
connected to a utility [1]. The key requirements of this clause
are as per Table 1 for voltage distortion limits. [2,8]. It can be
seen from the table that the limit of voltage distortion will
change according to voltage level also.

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II THD ANALYSIS OF EXISTING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Single line diagram of PV connected distribution system of Dr.

C. V. Raman University is shown in figure 1. At present
distribution system is supplied from 315kVA, 11000/415V Grid
connected Transformer, 10kW solar panel is also grid connected
through 415 V system at Bus 5.

Fig.2 THD analysis of 10kW Grid connected PV solar system

Fig.1 Distribution system single line diagram of Dr.C.V.Raman University

Total Harmonic Distortion analysis is performed for the single

line diagram as shown in figure.1 and it is found that the THD at
bus3, bus4, and bus5 is 0.31%, 0.28% and 0.27% respectively
which is under IEEE standard limit as per Table 1. Harmonic
spectrum analysis is also performed in order to check the limit of
individual harmonic distortion as indicated in figure 3 for the
bus3,bus4 and bus5.It can be concluded from this harmonic
analysis that with 10kW connected solar panel harmonic level of
system is within IEEE standard limit.
Fig. 3 Harmonic spectrum for 10kW grid connected solar system

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 III PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The objective of this research is to Identify appropriate rating of
PV Integrated system in order to avoid exceeding harmonic
limits therefore the future problem that will arise due to the large
integration of grid connected PV solar system can be avoid
during initial planning. [6,9]. In order to reduce the cost of
Electricity, University is planning to install an additional 200kW
PV solar system on the same distribution network at bus 4, the
proposed 200kW PV solar panel connection and THD analysis
for the distribution network is as shown in figure 4. THD level is
found at bus4, bus5 is exceeding the IEEE standard limit. THD
at bus 4 and 5 is 8.36% and 8.2% respectively, which is crossing
the standard limit as defined by Table-1. However bus 3
harmonic level is within limit i.e. 6.93%. However it is
advisable that the level of harmonic shall be as low as possible.
Fig. 4 THD Analysis for proposed 200kW PV connected distribution system
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Harmonic spectrum for 200kW PV system will be as per Figure
5, where X axis shows the harmonic order and Y axis indicate
the voltage spectrum in percentage of rated voltage. It can be
seen from the Harmonic spectrum that the individual harmonic
distortion at all the buses is within IEEE std. limit.
Fig. 5 Harmonic spectrum for 200kW Grid connected PV System
IV THD ANALYSIS FOR MODIFIED SYSTEM
It is concluded from above analysis that after further increasing
the PV generation for the same distribution system the THD
level will increase and after certain limit of PV penetration THD
level will not be under specified limit. In order to understand the
effect of Grid rating on solar penetration level Transformer kVA
rating is increased from 315kVA to 500kVA.However other
system parameter is not changed as the system cable and line is
oversized and it can be used with 500kVA Transformer also.
Simulation is done considering 500kVA transformer as shown in
figure 6. THD value now at bus3, bus4 and bus 5 is 5.19%,
6.77% and 6.71 % respectively which comes under the IEEE
standard limit for additional 200kW PV solar connected system.
It is observed that by increased value of Transformer rating PV
penetration to the LV grid can be increased. Transformer rating
of 500 kVA will lead to an additional cost however it is possible
to connect higher rating of distributed PV generation system.
 V. CONCLUSION

THD analysis of LV grid connected PV System is done under

different level of PV penetration the THD for various condition
is as shown in table II

TABLE II THD for various condition of LV system

Type of System Total Harmonic

distortion in %
PV Transform Bus 3 Bus 4 Bus 5
Connection er rating
10kW 315kVA 0.31 0.28 0.27

210kW 315kVA 6.93 8.36 8.2

210kW 500kVA 5.19 6.77 6.71

It is concluded from above data that the entire Grid is having

Fig. 6 THD Analysis for modified system with increased value of Transformer
rating
Harmonic spectrum for modified distribution system is as shown
in Figure 7 it is seen that the individual harmonics are also
reduced and there magnitude is within IEEE standard limit.
certain limitation for the penetration level of PV panel because
of the increased harmonic levels .As the demand of PV solar
connection is increasing continuously & for various low voltage
system PV panel connection is done without studying the
harmonic levels of the system. Therefore it is required to have a
proper study of PV Grid connected power system. The analysis
from such studies will help to manage harmonic of the PV
connected power system, further we can justify maximum
allowable PV penetration for particular LV System.

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