GB 8923-88

UDC 669.14: 620.191

A 29

中华人民共和国国家标准

GB 8923-88

涂装前钢材表面锈蚀等级
和除锈等级
Rust grades and preparation grades
of steel surfaces before application
of paints and related products

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

涂装前钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级 GB8923-88

Rust grades and preparation grades of steel surfaces before application

of paints and related products GB8923-88

前言
Preface
本标准规定了涂装前钢材表面锈蚀程度和除锈质量的目视评定等级。它适用于以喷射或抛射除锈、手
工和动力工具除锈以及火焰除锈方式处理过的热轧钢材表面。冷轧钢材表面除锈等级的评定也可参照使
用。
This Code specifies visual ratings for rust grades and de-rusting qualities of steel surfaces
before application of paints and related products. It applies to hot rolled steel surfaces treated
by blasting de-rusting, manual and power tool de-rusting, and flame de-rusting. It also applies
to ratings for de-rusting grades of cold rolled steel surfaces.
本标准等效采用国际标准 ISO 8501-1：1988《涂装油漆和有关产品前钢材预处理——表面清洁度的
目视评定——第一部分：未涂装过的钢材和全面清除原有涂层后的钢材的锈蚀等级和除锈等级》。
This Code equivalently adopts International Standard ISO 8501-1：1988 Steel Pretreatment before
Application of Paints and Related Products——Visual Ratings for Surface Clearness——Chapter
One: Rust Grades and De-rusting Grades of Steel before Application of Paints and Related Products,
and Rust Grades and De-rusting Grades of Steel after Cleaning All Original Coatings.
1 总则
General provisions
1．0．1 为保证涂装前钢材表面的预处理质量，提高涂层的附着力和涂层质量，制定本规范。
In order to guarantee the pretreatment quality of steel surfaces before application of paints
and related products, and improve the adhesion and quality of coatings, establish this Code.
1．0．2 本规范适用于涂装前钢材表面的预处理。
This Code applies to the pretreatment of steel surfaces before application of paints and related
products.
1．0．3 涂装前钢材表面的预处理除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。
The pretreatment of steel surfaces before application of paints and related products shall not
only comply with this Code but also shall comply with provisions of related national mandatory
standards.
2 锈蚀等级
Rust grades
钢材表面的四个锈蚀等级分别以 A、B、C 和 D 表示。这些锈蚀等级的典型样板照片见第 5 章，其文字叙述
如下：
Four rust grades of steel surfaces shall be indicated by A, B, C, and D. For photos of samples
of these rust grades, see Chapter 5. Their text descriptions are as follows:
A 全面地覆盖着氧化皮而几乎没有铁锈的钢材表面；
Steel surfaces all covered with scales almost without rusts;
B 已发生锈蚀，并且部分氧化皮已经剥落的钢材表面；
Steel surfaces which have been already rusted and parts of scales have already flaked;
C 氧化皮已因锈蚀而剥落，或者可以刮除，并且有少量点蚀的钢材表面；

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Steel surfaces of which scales have already flaked due to rusts, or can be scraped and with little
pitting;
D 氧化皮已因锈蚀而全面剥离，并且已普遍发生点蚀的钢材表面。
Steel surfaces of which all scales have already flaked due to rusts, and with a lot of pitting.
3 除锈等级
De-rusting grades
3．1 通则
General provisions
3．1．1 钢材表面除锈等级以代表所采用的除锈方法的字母“Sa”、“St"或“F1”表示。如果字母后面
有阿拉伯数字，则其表示清除氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物的程度等级。
The de-rusting grades of steel surfaces shall be indicated by “Sa”, “St” or “F1”. If there
is an Arabic number after the alphabet， the number shall indicate the grade of cleaning scales,
rusts, paint coatings, and other attachments.
3．1．2 钢材表面除锈等级的文字叙述见 3．2、3．3 和 3．4 条，这些等级的典型样板照片见第 5 章。
For text descriptions of de-rusting grades of steel surfaces, see 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4. For photos
of typical samples of these grades, see Chapter 5.
注：①本章各除锈等级定义中，“附着物”这个术语可包括焊渣、焊接飞溅物，可溶性盐类等。
②本章中，当氧化皮、铁锈或油漆涂层能以金属腻子刮刀从钢材表面剥离时，均应看成附着不
牢。
Notes:
①In definitions of de-rusting grades of this Chapter, the term of “attachment” can include
welding slag, welding splash, soluble salt, etc.
②In this Chapter, when the scale, rust or paint coating can be scraped from the steel surface
by metal putty scraper, it shall be considered as weak attachment.
3．2 喷射或抛射除锈
Blasting de-rusting
3．2．1 喷射或抛射除锈以字母“Sa”表示。
Blasting de-rusting shall be indicated by the alphabet“Sa”.
3．2．2 喷射或抛射除锈前，厚的锈层应铲除。可见的油脂和污垢也应清除。喷射或抛射除锈后，钢材表
面应清除浮灰和碎屑。
Before blasting de-rusting, scrape thick rust layer. And also visible grease and dirt should
be cleaned. After blasting de-rusting, clean floating dust and debris on steel surfaces.
3．2．3 对于喷射或抛射除锈过的钢材表面，本标准定有四个除锈等级。其文字叙述如下：
Concerning steel surfaces after blasting de-rusting, this Code has four grades. Their text
descriptions are as follows:
Sa1 轻度的喷射或抛射除锈
Mild blasting de-rusting
钢材表面应无可见的油脂和污垢，并且没有附着不牢的氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物。参见照
片 BSa 1、CSa 1 和 DSa 1。
No visual grease and dirt on steel surfaces, and no scales, rusts, paint coatings, and other
attachments attached weakly. See Photo BSa 1, CSa 1 and DSa 1.
Sa 2 彻底的喷射或抛射除锈
Through blasting de-rusting
钢材表面会无可见的油脂和污垢，并且氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物已基本清除，其残留物应

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 GB 8923-88

是牢固附着的。参见照片 BSa 2、CSa 2 和 DSa 2。

No visual grease and dirt on steel surfaces, and scales, rusts, paint coatings and other
attachments have already been cleaned basically. And their residues should be attached strongly.
See Photo BSa 2, CSa 2 and DSa 2.
Sa 2 1/2 非常彻底的喷射或抛射除锈
Very thorough blasting de-rusting
钢材表面会无可见的油脂、污垢，氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物，任何残留的痕迹应仅是点状
或条纹状的轻微色斑。参见照片 ASa 2 1/2，BSa 2 1/2、CSa 2 1/2 和 DSa 2 1/2。
No visual grease, dirt on steel surfaces, and no scales, rusts, paint coatings, and other
attachments. Any residual trace should only be spotted or striated color spot. See Photo ASa
2 1/2, BSa 2 1/2, CSa 2 1/2 and DSa 2 1/2.
Sa 3 使锕材表观洁净的喷射或抛射除锈
Blasting de-rusting making steel surfaces clean
钢材表面应无可见的油脂、污垢，氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物，该表面应显示均匀的金属色
泽。参见照片 ASa 3、BSa 3、CSa3 和 DSa 3。
No visual grease, dirt on steel surfaces, and no scales, rusts, paint coatings, and other
attachments. This surface shall indicate uniform metal color.
3．3 手工和动力工具除锈
Manual and power tool de-rusting
3．3．1 用手工和动力工具，如用铲刀、手工或动力钢丝刷、动力砂纸盘或砂轮等工具除锈，以字母“St”
表示。
Use manual and power tools such as scraper knife, manual or power steel wire brush, power sand
paper disc or abrasive wheel for de-rusting. Indicate by the alphabet “St”.
3．3．2 手工和动力工具除锈前，厚的锈层应铲除，可见的油脂和污垢也应清除。手工和动力工具除锈后，
钢材表面应清除去浮灰和碎屑。
Before manual and power tool de-rusting, scrape thick rust layer. And also visible grease and
dirt should be cleaned. After manual and power tool de-rusting, clean floating dust and debris
on steel surfaces.
3．3．3 对于手工和动力工具除锈过的钢材表面，本标准定有两个除锈等级，其文字叙述如下：
Concerning steel surfaces after manual and power tool de-rusting, this Code has two grades. Their
text descriptions are as follows:
St 2 彻底的手工和动力工具除锈
Thorough manual and power tool de-rusting
钢材表面应无可见的油脂和污垢，并且没有附着不牢的氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物，参见照
片 BSt 2、CSt 2 和 DSt 2。
No visual grease and dirt on steel surfaces, and no scales, rusts, paint coatings, and other
attachments attached weakly. See Photo BSt 2, CSt 2 and DSt 2.
St 3 非常彻底的手工和动力工具除锈
Very thorough manual and power tool de-rusting
钢材表面应无可见的油脂和污垢，并且没有附着不牢的氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物。除锈应
比 St 2 更为彻底，底材显露部分的表面应具有金属光泽。参见照片 BSt 3、CSt 3 和 DSt 3。
No visual grease and dirt on steel surfaces, and no scales, rusts, paint coatings, and other
attachments attached weakly. The de-rusting should be more thorough than St 2. This surface shall
indicate metal color. See Photo BSt 3, CSt 3 and DSt 3.

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
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3．4 火焰除锈
Flame de-rusting
3．4．1 火焰除锈以字母"F1”表示。
Flame de-rusting shall be indicated by the alphabet “F1”.
3．4，2 火焰除锈前，厚的锈层应铲除，火焰除锈应包括在火焰加热作业后以动力钢丝刷清加热后附着在
钢材表面的产物。
Before flame de-rusting, scrape thick rust layer. Flame de-rusting shall include brushing
products attached on steel surfaces with power steel wire after flame heating.
3．4．3 火焰除锈后的除锈等级文字叙述如下：
Text descriptions of de-rusting grades after flame de-rusting are as follows:
F1 火焰除锈
Flame de-rusting
钢材表面应无氧化皮、铁锈和油漆涂层等附着物，任何残留的痕迹应仅为表面变色(不同颜色的暗
影)。参见照片 AF1、BF1、CF1 和 DF1。
No scales, rusts, paint coatings and other attachments on steel surfaces. Any residual traces
should be only discolored on the surface (different colors of shadows).
4 钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级的目视评定
Visual ratings of rust grades and de-rusting grades of steel surfaces
4．1 评定钢材表面锈蚀等级和除锈等级应在良好的散射日光下或在照度相当的人工照明条件下进行。检
查人员应具有正常的视力。
Rating rust grades and de-rusting grades of steel surfaces should be carried on with a good
condition of scattering sunlight or similar artificial lighting. The inspector should have normal
sight.
4．2 待检查的钢材表面应与相应的照片(参见第 5 章)进行目视比较。照片应靠近钢材表面。
Visually compare steel surfaces to be inspected and related photos (See Chapter 5). Photos should
be close to steel surfaces.
4．3 评定锈蚀等级时，以相应锈蚀较严重的等级照片所标示的锈蚀等级作为评定结果；评定除锈等级时，
以与钢材表面外观最接近的照片所标示的除锈等级作为评定结果。
While rating rust grades, the rust grade indicated by the grade photo with more severe rust shall
be the rating result; while rating de-rusting grades, the de-rusting grade indicated by the photo
which is most similar to steel surfaces shall be the rating result.
注：①影响钢材表面除锈等级目视评定结果的因素很多，其中主要有：
Notes：①There are plenty of factors affecting visual rating result of de-rusting grades of steel
surfaces, among which
a． 喷射或抛射除锈所使用的磨料，手工和动力工具除锈所使用的工具；
Abrasives used for blasting de-rusting, and tools used for manual and power tool de-rusting;
b． 不属于标准锈蚀等级的钢材表面锈蚀状态；
The rust state of steel surfaces not belonging to standard rust grades ;
c． 锕材本身的颜色；
Original color of steel products;
d． 因腐蚀程度不同造成各部位粗糙度的差异；
Roughness differences of each part caused by different corrosion degrees;
e． 表面不平整，例如有凹陷；
Surface irregularity such as the depression;

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f． 工具划痕；
Scratch by tools;
g．照明不匀；
Uneven lighting;
h．喷射或抛射除锈时，因磨料冲击表面的角度不同而造成的阴影；
Shadows caused by different angles of blasting;
i． 嵌入表面的磨料。
Abrasives embedded to surfaces.
②目视评定原来涂装过的钢材表面的除锈等级，仅可采用带有锈蚀等级符合 C 和 D 的照片(如 DSa 2
1/2 或 CSa 2 1/2)，究竟选择哪一张(例如是选择 DSa 2 1/2 还是选 CSa 2 1/2)，取决于钢材表面点蚀的
程度(参见第 2 章)。
While visually rate de-rusting grades of steel surfaces after application of paints and related
products, only photos with rust grades in accordance with C and D (Such as DSa 2 1/2 or CSa 2
1/2). Which photo to be chosen (Such as choosing DSa 2 1/2 or choosing CSa 2 1/2) shall depend
on the pitting degree of steel surfaces (See Chapter 2).
5 照片
Photos
5．1 本标准包括钢材表面锈蚀等级典型样板照片 28 张，它们与国际标准 ISO 8501-1：1988 中的照片相
同。如发生异议应以 ISO 8501-1 中的照片为仲裁依据。
This Code includes 28 photos of typical samples for rust grades of steel surfaces, which are
the same as photos in internal standard ISO 8501-1：1988. Photos in ISO 8501-1 shall be taken
as the ruling one in the event of any consistency.
5．1．1 表示锈蚀等级的照片有 4 张，分别标有 A、B、C 和 D。
There are four photos for rust grades indicated by A, B, C and D.
5．1．2 表示以喷射或抛射除锈、手工和动力工具除锈以及火焰除锈所达到的除锈等级的照片有 24 张。
这些照片标有除锈前原始锈蚀等级和除锈后除锈等级的符号，如 BSa 2 1/2。
There are 24 photos for de-rusting grades reached by blasting de-rusting, manual and power tool
de-rusting and flame de-rusting. These photos have been indicated by alphabets of original rust
grades before de-rusting and rust grades after de-rusting such as BSa 2 1/2.
5．2 喷射或抛射除锈的 14 张照片是表示使用石英砂磨料进行干式喷射除锈后的钢材表面状况，使用其他
种类的磨料进行喷射或抛射除锈时，除锈后的钢材表面可能具有不同的色调。
14 photos of blasting de-rusting indicate conditions of steel surfaces after using the quartz
sand abrasive for dry type blasting de-rusting. While using other types of abrasives for blasting
de-rusting, steel surfaces after de-rusting may have different color tones.
5．3 本标准不含 ASa 1、ASa 2、ASt 2 和 ASt 3 照片。
This Code does not include Photo ASa 1, ASa 2, ASt 2 and ASt 3.
5．4 锈蚀等级和除锈等级的典型样板照片按下图所示顺序排列，并是本标准的组成部分。锈蚀等级：略(见
中国船舶工业总公司六○三所出版的单行本标准)
Photos of typical samples of rust grades and de-rusting grades shall be in accordance with the
order indicated in the following chart, and shall be the constituent of this Code. Rust grades:
omitted (See the reprint standard published by 603 Institute of China State Shipbuilding
Corporation)
除锈等级：
De-rusting grades:

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 GB 8923-88

喷射或抛射除锈
Blasting de-rusting

手工和动力工具除锈
Manual and power tool de-rusting

火焰除锈
Flame de-rusting

Additional remarks:
This code is proposed by China State Shipbuilding Corporation and Ministry of Railways.
This Code is drafted by Technical Committee of Metal Surface Treatment ＆ Painting Process before Application

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of Paints under National Technical Committee for Standardization of Coatings and Pigments.
This Code is mainly drafted by Shipbuilding Process Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation and
Qishuyan Rolling Stock Process Institute of Ministry of Railways, and is participated by Wuhan Material
Protection Institute of Machinery Committee, Nanjing Hydraulic Science Institute, Standard Metrological Institute
of Ministry of Railways and Factory 699 of Ministry of Aerospace.
Chief drafters of this Code are Hong Donghuang, Liu Panxing, Lu Xiangeng, Chen Shuigen, Ge Zhenyuan, Wei
Zhonggen, Li Boyuan and Sun Jianming.

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1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布
 GB 8923-88

1988-03-21 发布 1989-03-01 实施
国家技术监督局发布