GROUP 3 |ARC 183

HOA 3 QUESTIONS
1. System of brackets inserted between the top column and a crossbeam.
a. Zhaigong
b. Dougong
c. Huanquitan
d. Miaoying

2. Used in ancient China for making sacrifices to ancestors and famous historical personages as well as to the
gods.
a. Shrines
b. Temple
c. Pagoda
d. Pavilions

3. The main hall of the Forbidden City is 27m high, 64m wide and 37m deep. It has a roof with double eaves
and is decorated with carved dragons and phoenixes most of which are gilded.
a. Hall of the Foguang
b. Hall of the Nirvana
c. Hall of the Amida
d. Hall of the Taihedian

4. The Pagoda of __________ is built to imitate timber framed style building and it is also known as Heaven
of Peace temple in Beijing.
a. Tianning
b. Shijia
c. Zin Gang Bao Zuo
d. Guan-yin

5. The main hall of _______________ in Wutai Mountain, is one of China’s earliest extant wooden structures.
a. Foguang Monastery
b. Puning Monastery
c. Longxing Monastery
d. Niu-jie Mosque

6. The ___________ Pavilion of Du-le Monastery in Jixian, Hebei Province, Is one of China’s earliest surviving
pavilions. The building has five bays and is 20m long, 14m deep and 22m high.
a. Mogao
b. Dacheng
c. Guan-Yin
d. Arbahehaja
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7. This bridge in Zhaoxian country is built during the Sui dynasty and the world’s oldest arched bridge with
open spandrels.
a. Wanan
b. Guangji
c. Anji
d. Wangshi

8. This observatory is preserved almost intact. The cylindrical monument, slightly convex in outline, rises in
meticulous course and has square windows at high level.
a. Punhwangsa
b. Ch’omsongdae
c. Sokkuram
d. Pulguksa

DIRECTION: CHOOSE THE ANSWER FROM THE TABLE AND FILL IN THE BLANKS
Nijo Himeji Yakushiji
Torii Kondo Wat Kukut
Kodalsa Daisen’in Hojo Kibitsu
Wat Mahadhatu Sokkuram Hoeamsa

9. The temple in Yoju is noted for the bold carving of a dragon and tortoise motif on its pedestal. Kodalsa
10. Torii is the entrance gate of a shrine precinct and consists primarily of two pillars and two horizontal beams.
Both pillars are usually embedded directly in the earth.

11. The main structure of the Kibitsu Shrine is the largest of all Japanese Shrine buildings: 14.5m wide by 17.9
deep. It comprises some unusual elements, such as a large roof with a pair of gables on both sides, deeply
projecting eaves, and high podium.

12. The Kondo and pagoda at Horyuji is the world’s olden extend wooden buildings, were constructed after the
original Horyuji temple was destroyed by the fire in 670.

13. The three-storey Yakushiji east pagoda is the only building surviving from the early eighth century.

14. The Daisen’in Hojo is representative of an abbot’s private residence, and is also a subsidiary temple
belonging to the Daitokuji of the Zen sect.

15. Nijo Castle was built in 1603, for Ieyasu Tokugawa when paying respect to the emperor.

16. Built between 1601 and 1614, represents the highest achievement in Japanese castle architecture. It is the
sole example which almost all the buildings other than the donjon still survive today. Himeji
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

17. Wat Kukut Temple, Lampun represents the last phase of the Dvaravati Style. From a high square platform,
with 23m sides, rises a slender brick pyramid of five diminishing storeys of 28m.

18. Wat Mahadhatu Temple, Lopburi restored in the fifteenth century, is a building of the Khmer-Angkor type.
It stands in a walled court and comprises a sanctuary tower and attached portico raised on a high moulded
plinth.

19. The major stone edifice of Shilla construction is Sokkuram, a man-made grotto built in the middle of the
eight centuries.

20. The Hoeamsa Stupa has a stone railing at its base, lotus, arabesque and floral patterns ornately sculptured
on its pedestal, and a dragon and cloud pattern on its bell-shaped main body.

21. ______ are precise and harmonious geometry when viewed from all four sides and above, the square form
and grid ground plans, soaring towers, and elaborate decorate sculpture which includes gods, worshippers,
erotic scenes, animals, and floral and geometric patterns.

a. Hindu Architecture

b. Buddhist Architecture

c. Islamic Architecture

d. Himalayan Architecture

22. Temples in the form of concrete structures were constructed in northern India during this period.

a. Neolithic Period

b. Indus Valley Civilization

c. Classical Period

d. Gupta period

23. A symmetry-driven structure, with many variations, on a square grid of padas, depicting perfect geometric
shapes such as circles and squares.

a. Gupta Temple

b. Hindu Temple

c. Bhitargaon Temple

d. Indian Temple
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

24. Refers to the spire or the tower and also called “mountain peak”?
a. Garbhagriha

b. Mandapa

c. Shikhara

d. Pradakshina Patha

25. Refers to the “womb chamber” which is the innermost chamber of any temple where the deity resides?
a. Garbhagriha

b. Mandapa

c. Shikhara

d. Pradakshina Patha

26. Refers to the pillared hall in front of the garbhagriha, used as assembling point by devotees for chant; rituals
meditate or observe the priests perform rituals.

a. Garbhagriha

b. Mandapa

c. Shikhara

d. Pradakshina Patha

27. Refers to the ambulatory passageway for circumambulation and comprises of enclosed corridor outside
the garbhagriha.

a. Garbhagriha

b. Mandapa

c. Shikhara

d. Pradakshina Patha

28. In olden days, rituals of music and dance were performed in ________; this area is also known as the hall
of dancing.

a. Natamandira

b. Ardhamandapa
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

c. Gopurams

d. Antarala

29. The distinctive gateway of the temple mostly seen in north Indian temples.

a. Natamandira

b. Ardhamandapa

c. Toranas

d. Antarala

30. Means the atrium or the intermediate chamber. This chamber unites the main sanctuary and the pillared
hall of the temple.

a. Gopurams

b. Pitha

c. Toranas

d. Antarala

31. The main entrance or the front porch of the temple leading to the mandapa.

a. Natamandira

b. Ardhamandapa

c. Toranas

d. Antarala

32. The monumental and ornate tower present at the entrance of the temple. These are more prominently
found in the temples of South India.

a. Pitha

b. Ardhamandapa

c. Gopurams

d. Antarala

33. It is the plinth or the platform of the temple.

a. Pitha

b. Antarala
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

c. Gopurams

d. Natamandira

34. The Hindu temples should always face ______ direction?

a. North

b. East

c. South

d. West

35. The ______ is the world’s first completed granite temple.

a. Arunachaleswarar Temple at Tiruvannamalai

b. Meenakshi Amman Temple at Madurai

c. Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur

d. Bhitargaon Temple at Uttar Pradesh

36. The ________ temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and invites devotees in large numbers from all parts of the
country and is believed to be the eighth-largest Hindu temple in the world.

a. Arunachaleswarar Temple at Tiruvannamalai

b. Meenakshi Amman Temple at Madurai

c. Brihadeeswara Temple at Thanjavur

d. Bhitargaon Temple at Uttar Pradesh

37. The ______ temples are square, it has many graduated projections (rathakas) in the center of each face
which imparts a cruciform shape to the exterior.

a. Nagara (northern) style

b. Dravidian (southern) style

c. Vesara or mixed style

d. Gadag style

38. The ______ temples or south Indian temple style consists essentially of a square-chambered sanctuary
topped by a superstructure, tower, or spire and an attached pillared porch or hall (maṇḍapa, or maṇṭapam),
enclosed by a peristyle of cells within a rectangular court.
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

a. Nagara style

b. Dravidian style

c. Vesara or mixed style

d. Gadag style

39. The ______ temples is a hybrid form of Indian temple architecture, with South Indian plan and a shape that
features North Indian details.

a. Nagara style

b. Dravidian style

c. Vesara or mixed style

d. Gadag style

40. The ______ considered by many to be the oldest functional temple in India.

a. Mundeshvari Temple in Bihar

b. Meenakshi Amman Temple

c. Arunachaleswarar Temple

d. Brihadeeswara Temple

41. A distinct building type of Islamic Architecture or commonly known as the Muslim building.

a. Minaret

b. Mosque

c. Iwan

d. Minbar

42. A Linear unit for regulating column spacing in traditional Japanese construction.

a. Ken

b. Tatami

c. Shaku

d. Roji
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

43. The assembly hall of Buddhist Temple for monks for reading sacred texts.

a. To

b. Kairo

c. Sorin

d. Kodo

44. It is a Japanese pagoda, also known as butto or toba.

a. To

b. Kairo

c. Sorin

d. Kodo

45. It is the official religion in Cambodia which practiced by 95 percent of the population.

a. Hinduism

b. Theravada Buddhism

c. Islam

d. Christianism

46. A Japanese term for “inner shrine”, which enshrines the most venerated deity Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess.

a. Geku

b. Naiku

c. Toyouke

d. Ise Jingu

47. Identify among the figure the motif of Kala.

a. i

b. ii

c. iii

d. iv
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

48. _________ is characterized by steep tiles roofs, with frescoes and mosaic decorations in the walls depicting
the events of Buddha’s life.

a. Wat

b. That

c. Lao

d. That Luang

49. Vietnam Architecture does not really retain any massive monuments as in other countries.

a. True

b. False

50. The original Vietnamese architecture originated from the _________.

a. Ming dynasty

b. Zhou dynasty

c. Han dynasty

d. Hung dynasty

51. The typical characteristics of Vietnamese housing, especially climatic features are:

a. Site layout

b. Passive design
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

c. Material

d. All the above

52. __________ is an architectural style which reflect the influence of neighboring and Western nations and
modernization. Buddhist pagodas, stupas and temples, British colonial buildings are the most prominent
buildings in the country

a. Myanmar Architecture

b. Hindu Architecture

c. Japanese Architecture

d. Cambodia Architecture

53. A compound enclosing a Burmese pagoda.

a. Mok

b. Yinbyin

c. Aran

d. Pahto

54. The platform surrounding a Burmese pagoda.

a. Mok

b. Yinbyin

c. Aran

d. Pahto

55. Gateways at 4 cardinal directions.

a. Mok

b. Yinbyin

c. Aran

d. Pahto
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

56. The hollow square or rectangular buildings built to resemble caves, with chambers that house images of
Buddha.

a. Mok

b. Yinbyin

c. Aran

d. Pahto

57. __________ is the reflection of influences of Buddhist countries of various groups with which the country
has mingles and associated for 2 millenia.

a. Myanmar Architecture

b. Cambodia Architecture

c. Thai Architecture

d. Hindu Architecture

58. In Thai Architecture, it is an open-sided pavilion found in courtyards of temples and along heavily traveled
routes which serves as a shelter from sun and rain.

a. Sala

b. Ngao

c. Kalae

d. Wat

59. The ________ is a group of buildings each serving various purposes and usually set within a walled
enclosure.

a. Sala

b. Ngao

c. Kalae

d. Wat
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

60. A decorative feature found on the architecture of Buddhists shrines and chedis.

a. Kya-nu

b. Thein

c. Lotus motif

d. Hti

61. It is a product of the rapid conquest of diverse territories by a people with no architectural tradition.

a. Islamic Architecture

b. Japanese Architecture

c. Hindu Architecture

62. Who is the Arab prophet and founder of Islam?

a. Madrassah

b. Nebuchanezzar

c. Mohammed

63. One of the five pillars of Islam which is to declare one’s faith in God and belief in Mohammed.

a. Shahada

b. Salat

c. Zakat

64. An architectural element of Islamic architecture.

a. Masonry domes and tunnel vaults

b. Sculpture and minor arts

c. Decorated vaults

65. It is a Muslim building where people can worship; it is also called Masjid or Musjid.

a. Kasbah
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

b. Mosque

c. Hamman

66. One of the five pillars of Islam which is to pray five times a day.

a. Zakat

b. Salat

c. Hajj

67. It is one of the denominations of Muslim where they accept that the first four (4) caliphs were the true
successors of Mohammed.

a. Shiite

b. Sunnis

c. Kharijites

68. A place for the local leader to live and a defense when a city was under attack. It has high walls, usually
without windows.

a. Hamman

b. Madrassah

c. Kasbah

69. A Muslim theological school arranged around a courtyard or attached to a mosque.

a. Madarassah

b. Caravanserai

c. Kasbah

70. A communal bathhouse, usually with separate baths for men and women.

a. Caravanserai

b. Hamman
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

c. Madrassah

71. An inn in the Near East for overnight accommodation of caravans.

a. Caravanserai

b. Hamman

c. Kasbah

72. A part of a Muslim Mosque where it is located at the center of sahn for ritual washing and spiritual
purification before prayer.

a. Minaret

b. Fawwara

c. Iwan

73. Courtyard of a mosque.

a. Minaret

b. Iwan

c. Sahn

74. It is a lofty, slender tower attached to a mosque, having stairs leading up to one or more projecting
balconies from which the muezzin calls the Muslim people to prayer.

a. Minaret

b. Fawwara

c. Sahn

75. A niche oriented towards Mecca courtyard.

a. Mimbar

b. Mihrab

c. Harem
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

76. A stalactite work: a system decoration of Islamic architecture and formed by intricate corbelling of
brackets, squinches, and inverted pyramids.

a. Muqarna

b. Maqsurah

c. Dikka

77. A tribune raised upon columns from which the Quran is recited and prayers are intoned by the imam of a
mosque.

a. Dikka

b. Muqarna

c. Maqsurah

78. An enclosure, a box or wooden screen near the mihrab or the center of the qibla wall, which was originally
designed to shield a worshipping ruler from assassins.

a. Iwan

b. Harem

c. Maqsurah

79. It is Islam’s legal system which is daith-based code of conduct directing Muslims on how they should live in
nearly every aspect of their lives.

a. Quran

b. Sharia law

c. Mohammed law

80. An immense mausoleum of an ivory white marble that can be found in Agra, India. It was built by the
Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

a. Tomb of Delhi

b. Tomb of Ismail
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

c. Taj Mahal

81. Domical mounds, along with their gateways, rails, professional paths, and crowning umbrellas, became
known as universe symbols; a Buddhist shrine that marks the site of an auspicious event.

a. Viharas

b. Stupas

c. Chaityas

d. Stamba

82. This flower represents spiritual growth, purity, enlightenment, art, and literature in Buddhist architecture.

a. Lotus

b. Frangipani
c. Dahlia

d. Hibiscus

83. It refers to the earliest form of a stupa, which is a shrine, sanctuary, temple, or prayer hall for the Buddhist
community.

a. Stupas

b. Chaityas

c. Stamba

d. Viharas

84. Which of the following stupas is thought to be the location where the Buddha delivered his first sermon to
his first five Brahmin disciples after achieving enlightenment?

a. Sanchi Stupa

b. Saranath Stupa

c. Bhopal Stupa

d. Bharhut Stupa

85. Which of the following is India's oldest stone structure, commissioned by Mauryan King Ashoka?
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

a. Sanchi Stupa

b. Bhopal Stupa

c. Amaravati Stupa

d. Peshawar Stupa

86. A fence enclosing a stupa delimited the path for circumambulation.

a. Vedas

b. Relic
c. Harmika

d. Vedika

87. This is a pillar made of red-white or buff-colored sandstone that is usually erected in front of a temple,
whether Aiva, Vaishava, Jaina, or Bauddha.

a. Chhatri

b. Torana

c. Medhi

d. Stambas / Laths

88. The Buddhist temple in ancient Cambodia that depicts the compassionate Buddha with four faces.

a. Angkor Thom

b. Angkor Wat

c. Bayon

d. Banteay Srei

89. Which of the following elements are commonly found in ancient Buddhist temples?

a. Fire, air, earth, water, and metal

b. Fire, air, earth, water, and wisdom

c. Fire, air, earth, water, and space

d. Fire, air, earth, water, and faith

GROUP 3 |ARC 183

90. This is the largest Buddhist temple in the world, and it is located in Indonesia.

a. Prambanan

b. Borobudur

c. Ratu Boko

d. Angkor Wat

91. As a prince, Gautam Buddha was known as ________

a. Rahul

b. Gautam

c. Siddhartha

d. Suddhodhana

92. The most well-known pillar was built in Sarnath, where Buddha delivered his first sermon.

a. The Lion Capital of Sarnath,

b. Dhamekh Stupa

c. Ashokan Pillar

d. Iron Pillar

93. Nalanda University was a great center for what kind of study in ancient India.

a. Jainism

b. Hinduism

c. Hinayana Buddhism

d. Mahayana Buddhism

94. . A stupa wherein Buddha's buried possessions were kept.

a. Saririka Stupa,

b. Uddeshika stupa

c. Mahabodhi Stupa

d. Paribhogika stupa
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

95. . In which location did the Buddha attain nirvana?

a. Sarnath

b. Bodh Gaya

c. Sanchi

d. Kusinagara

96. Who built the first Buddhist temple known as the Mahabodhi Temple?

a. Ashoka

b. Mahinda

c. Bindusara

d. Karuvaki

97. . It was the ancient Indian term for a Buddhist monastery, and it was where wandering monks stayed during
the rainy season.

a. Viharas

b. Stupas

c. Chaityas

d. Stamhba

98. A stupa in which the Buddha's buried bodily remains were kept.

a. Mahabodhi Stupa

b. Saririka Stupa

c. Paribhogika stupa

d. Uddeshika stupa

99. They were ceremonial gateways placed at cardinal points, similar to Aryan village gates.

a. Vedika

b. Toranas

c. Medhi

d. Harmika
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

100. Which way do Buddhist temples usually face?

a. North and West

b. West and south

c. East and north

d. South and east

101. It is a technique in woodcutting where two sides are fitted together with interlocking pieces.

a. Dovetail technique

b. Cross-lap joint technique

c. Tongued miter technique

d. Fish joint technique

102. Generally used materials for Dzong and religious building in Bhutan architecture

a. Stone/rocks

b. Brick & mortar

c. Large boulder

d. Plaster & cement

103. It is architectural style influenced by Indian and Chinese cultures which is characterized by
chortens, multi-tiered temples and intricate lattice screened wooden window and elaborate detailed wood
carving on pillars, lintel and beams

a. Nepalese Architecture

b. Tibetan Architecture

c. Indian Architecture

d. Chinese architecture

104. It is a generic name used to describe a plaza opposite old plaza in Nepal

a. Rabur square
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

b. Durbar square

c. Cadmu square

d. Bardu square

105. A specialized clay tiles that covered the roofs of Nepalese building

a. Giganti

b. Jhindati

c. Jhinati

d. Jhingati

106. Main materials used to build a Nepali structure

a. Timber and clay

b. Rock and Timber

c. Timber and Brick

d. Rock and clay

107. A specialized types of oil-glazed bricks often use for the facade work of a Nepali structures

a. Talia tani

b. Telus tain

c. Telia Inta

d. Tilia tana

108. important feature of a Nepalese pagoda it is a wooden structure carved with different dietes to
whom the temple is dedicated

a. Sundra

b. Tundra

c. Tundals

d. Tundels
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

109. A technique called, large rectangular stone laying between layers of flat stone it gives the wall a
greater flexibility against tremor and add to the stability of a house.

a. High lift grouting

b. Rock foundation

c. Galleted Rubble

d. Masonry

110. A large-sized building complex consisting of temples and halls, residence quarters of monks, stupas
and several colleges

a. Gompa

b. Vihara

c. Tibetan Monastery

d. Chaitya

111. Considered as the most important example of Tibetan architecture.

a. Red incarnation Palace

b. Portala Palace

c. Potala Palace

d. Red Deity Palace

112. Original inhabitants of Sikkim

a. Tibetan

b. Khim

c. Lepcha

d. Skimer

113. Dwelling house of lepchas which has generally a rectangular ground plan with circular roof of straw.
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

a. Lepchari

b. Sikuwa

c. Khim

d. Dukenculee

114. A sitting place in front of traditional dwelling house of Limpu/limboo house

a. Sikuna

b. Sikhuwa

c. Sakuha

d. Sikuwa

115. Traditional Bhutia house it is usually rectangular.

a. Khiman

b. Khimes

c. Khrim

d. Khim

116. This is a combination of bamboo framework with wattle walls

a. Chirta go Ghar

b. Charica ne Mar

c. Charica Ko Mar

d. Chirta Ko Ghar

117. Also known as Hiti; a traditional stone drinking fountain with an intricate carving found in Nepal
which serves as a water well that fill out a Jharu.

a. Dhuna Dharas

b. Dhunge mharas

c. Dhuna Tharas

d. Dhunge dharas
GROUP 3 |ARC 183

118. A Bhutanese’s Buddhist temple which is often relatively simple single-story structure surrounding
a courtyard.

a. Lakham

b. Lakman

c. Laknan

d. Lakhan

119. A defensive fortress frequently built on a hilltop or mountain spur, or adjacent to important
streams.

a. Dzinong

b. Dizong

c. Djong

d. Dzong

120. A chapel in the upper floors of a Bhutan residence that houses painting, statues and religious
literature.

a. Choesun

b. Choesan

c. Choesam

d. Choesum