Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRAINEE MANUAL
Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
Hospitality Management Department
Bread & Pastry Production 2
MODULE III
Introduction
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to Error: Reference source not
found a range of settings within the hotel and travel industries workplace context.
Course Code:
FPT 121
HRM 4
GRADE 11
Nominal Hours:
60 hours
Learning Outcomes 1:
Prepare and bake sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes
and cakes
Performance Criteria
1.1 Select required commodities according to recipe and production requirements
1.2 Prepare a variety of sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes to desired product
characteristics
1.3 Produce a variety of sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes according to
standard recipes and enterprise standards
1.4 Use appropriate equipment to prepare and bake sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes
and cakes
1.5 Use correct techniques to produce sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes
1.6 Bake sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes to enterprise requirements and
standards
1.7 Select correct oven conditions for baking sponges and cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes
Learning Outcomes 2:
Prepare fillings, coatings, icing and decorations
Performance Criteria
2.1 Select required commodities according to recipe and production requirements
2.2 Prepare a variety of fillings, coating/icing and decorations for gateaux, tortes and cakes
Learning Outcomes 3:
Assemble gateaux, tortes and cakes
Performance Criteria
3.1 Assemble required commodities and/or preparations
3.2 Assemble gateaux, tortes and cakes according to recipe instructions
3.3 Use appropriate equipment to assemble cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes
3.4 Use correct techniques to assemble cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes
Learning Outcomes 4:
Decorate and present/display gateaux, tortes and cakes
Performance Criteria
4 Bread & Pastry Production
4.1 Decorate cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes using coating, icing and decorations to
according to standard recipes and/or enterprise standards and/or customer requests
4.2 Present/display gateaux, tortes and cakes to enterprise standards using appropriate
service equipment
Learning Outcomes 5:
Store gateaux, tortes and cakes
Performance Criteria
5.1 Store at correct temperature and conditions of storage
5.2 Maintain maximum eating quality, appearance and freshness
Glossary
Term Explanation
Agar Agar
Setting agent derived from seaweed. Much stronger
than gelatine and harder to use. More stable.
Allergen
A substance that is foreign to the body and can cause
an allergic reaction in certain people.
Compound chocolate
A bakers chocolate made with cocoa mass and
vegetable fat.
Couverture chocolate
A good quality chocolate made with cocoa mass and
cocoa butter.
Daquoise
A cake sponge made with a meringue and nuts folded
through.
Fillings
An ‘insert’ in between of the cake to enhance the taste
and the layering of the cake.
French Pastries
‘Individual cake/pastries’ with approximate size of 5 to 6
cm, a term commonly used as ‘assorted French Pastries’
in the Industry.
Ganache
A chocolate paste/filling made from boiling of cream and
stirring it into the chocolate.
Gateau
French name given to structured layered cake
interspersed with flavoured cream or mousse, décor
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Term Explanation
applied to sides.
Gelatine
Setting agent derived from animals bones and skins,
used to stabilise creams.
Jellying Agent
An agent used to set (soft solid food), e.g. Gelatine,
Agar-agar, Pectin.
Joconde Sponge
A thin sponge sheet made from almond or marzipan
past.
Kahlua
Coffee liqueur.
Marzipan
Almond paste made from icing sugar and almonds.
Mascarpone cheese
A cream cheese that has tartaric acid added to give a
sour flavour.
Petit Gateaux
Small individual cakes of the larger variety.
Tempering
Process of heating, cooling and warming up chocolate to
appropriate temperature to align the cocoa butter
crystals thus setting the chocolate.
Torte
Similar to gateau but of Austrian, German, Italian and
Eastern European origins.
Tortes can have pastry layers and more fruit and nuts
tend to be used in some structures.
Trimoline
Invert sugar – mixture of dextrose and fructose in
approximately equal proportions, created by treating
sucrose with an enzyme – Sucrose +Water =
Dextrose + Fructose
6 Bread & Pastry Production
Gateaux in France refer to all Cakes and Pastries of a certain size, usually bigger than
one portion.
Glazed
Masked
Sprayed
Covered or
Coated.
with chocolate, marzipan, fresh cream, icings or buttercreams.
Creamy
Crispy or crunchy
Fruity.
Traditionally Gateaux and Tortes were decorated by the slice.
Due to high labour cost and introduction of plated design and decorations when serving
cakes or gateaux this is no longer required.
Today the terms are interchangeable and are grossly used to market the product – the
specialty cake.
Like most of products in patisserie eye appeal and flavour of the product are vital to the
success of selling and customer satisfaction.
There are endless possibilities to create new textures, flavours and combinations and
individuality is recognised by the consumer.
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Learning Outcomes 1:
Definition of Commodity
A commodity is an item that is required to meet a need of the end user. For the
pastrycook making Gateaux and Tortes the list below is what they will be looking
to acquire.
Cake base
Pastry base
Sponge base
Meringue base
Japonaise base.
These are combined with flavoured fillings that are then decorated and
presented for sale.
Fillings:
Creams
Mousses
Fruits
Jams.
Décor:
Fruit
These products are normally very elaborate and have several stages to their production.
It can take several days to produce just one product and it is just because the professional
pastrycook or patissier has the storage capacity to produce and store these components that they
are sold at a very competitive price.
Some gateaux are traditional but modern day interpretation offers a much wider selection to the
consumer.
A gateau was normally based on sponge cakes that had three layers of sponge
and layers of cream and flavoured syrup. The syrup was to replace moisture in
the sponge that was lost due to staling.
Tortes where originally pastry based with a filling inside and another mixture
might act as a topping over the filling.
All things evolve over time and with modern communications many lines are blurred.
Staling is a term that describes loss of moisture from starch based product such as bread and
cake:
Some products mature in flavour as they age. Good quality fruit cake is normally 4 weeks old
before it is put up for sale.
Cake Products:
Blending method
All in method
Boiling method.
Bread & Pastry Production 11
Sponge Products:
Traditional Process
Genoese
Emulsified Process
Separated Sponges.
If it is manufactured from ingredients that are fit for human consumption then it can be used to
manufacture the product.
The only other requirement is that you need to find customers that will purchase the product that
you have made.
Dobos Torte:
Choux pastry
Crème patisserie
Fresh cream
Caramel toffee.
Gateau Pithiviers:
Puff pastry
Egg wash
Icing sugar.
Puff Pastry
Crème Patisserie
Fondant
Roasted nuts (flaked Almonds)
Boiled Apricot jam.
Buche De Noel:
Sponge sheet
Bread & Pastry Production 13
Buttercream
Meringue décor
Roasted nuts
Liqueur.
Datteltorte:
Hapsburger Torte:
Chocolate sponge
Chocolate buttercream filling
Pistachio and almond filling
Apricot jam, boiling
Ganache.
As the student studies the history of pastry making from the European cultures they will begin to
form their own opinion of each product.
Product will be adapted and modified with time. Product is not made the same way as it was 100
years ago.
Standards will vary. Standards will rise and fall. Good quality will always be good quality.
Cheap will always be cheap.
Beating ingredient together to get the correct consistency before the next stage is
attempted. Usually butter and sugar to aerate before adding remainder of
ingredients
Whisking of lighter ingredients as eggwhites to make meringue, mixing of cream so
the fat globules begin to adhere together and air
is trapped inside allowing cream to be piped
Folding is the blending of whipped cream and
melted chocolate together so minimal air is lost so
the light properties of a delicious chocolate
mousse is achieved. The chocolate is folded
gently into the cream so the lightness is
maintained
Creaming is the mixing of an ingredient like
butter so it is smooth and lump free. It can be
mixing it until the ingredient is lighter and fluffier due to the air being incorporated
into the ingredient
Kneading is the manipulation of a dough until the correct consistency is achieved:
Bread dough is kneaded until the dough takes on the smooth characteristics of a well
develop gluten structure inside the dough
Cutting skills are required when producing gateaux so even portions are achieved
All these techniques need to be developed in order to be able to achieve a professional looking
product.
Product characteristics that customers look for come from the following:
Colour of the product when it is finally removed from the oven is important to the
visual appeal of the product. Colour stimulates the senses and encourages the
customer to purchase
Bread & Pastry Production 15
This is achieved by maintaining consistency of production. Nobody is allowed to move away from
the given formula, shape design.
Recipes need to be followed and each recipe should state the yield from each production run,
defining weights and number of units.
To achieve this each product must be moulded the same and must all look the same.
Solid heat of 150ºC – 180ºC will depend on cake size and thickness.
Oven should be ‘solid’ heat (bring to temperature and stabilise by holding at this temperature for 15
– 20 minutes before placing cakes in oven).
To prevent premature colouring of cake surfaces, they may be covered with sheets of clean paper
or a baking tray may be placed on top of the cakes for approximately 50% of the baking time.
To test when cakes are baked, use a thermometer to determine the internal temperature.
The baking process is complete when the centre of the product has reached gelatinisation
temperature (87ºC– 90ºC). Further baking beyond this point will only dry the product and reduce
shelf life.
A fine skewer may be inserted into the cake which should come out clean if cake is baked.
Do not remove cakes from tins until cold to avoid damage. Cold cakes to be wrapped as soon as
possible.
Sponge cake and genoise sponge are of a lighter density than cake. Sponge will cook quicker so
oven settings can be 180ºC – 200ºC.
16 Bread & Pastry Production
Sponge sheets or Swiss roll sponge is thin and it cooks very quickly. In
order to keep pliability in the product so it can be rolled it can be cooked at
a higher temperature.
Gelatinisation and coagulation will happen quicker and there is less drying
out of the product. After cooling it can be moulded or rolled easier.
Colour
Shape
Crust structure
Temperature
Rack position
Cooking times
Moisture.
Bread & Pastry Production 17
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must
submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project by the
date agreed to with your Trainer.
1.1 Write a list of all ingredients that will be needed to produce the product:
1.3. List of all recipes required with ingredients and method of production, yield to be obtained
and baking requirements:
Summary
Learning Outcomes 2:
Layers of cake or sponge with layers of flavoured cream between, cake or sponge layers
infused with flavours that will enhance the
final product.
Fillings can include the following
French
Italian
French.
These buttercreams can be flavoured to any
flavour that may be required. These flavourings
should be subtle in flavour.
Colouring can also be applied to the requirements of the enterprise. Again subtle is best but if
brightness is required then that is ok.
Fresh cream can be flavoured and coloured but care must be taken that it is kept chilled and is not
overwhipped. This will cause the cream to split and become unusable.
Crème Patisserie can be used as filling for some gateaux, flavours and
other ingredients can be added as needed.
Fresh cream and crème patisserie can have extra stability added by using gelatine after they has
been mixed.
Fig 1 Fig 2
The high point on the outside makes the gateau give more balance and makes it seem
larger.
Elegance of a Gateau
Carrot cake.
Datteltorte:
Boiled Creams – may be custards, bavarois, winecreams and chibousts. Also commonly used in
modern patisserie are poached creams like crème caramel or crème brulee.
Chocolate – may be used as ganache either with butter or fresh cream, flavours
and/ or liqueur or baked (mudcake).
Fresh and cooked cheese fillings – may include sweet mixtures of Cottage
cheese, Cream cheese, Ricotta, Mascarpone and Quark.
22 Bread & Pastry Production
Fruit – may be used fresh, poached, as a pulp, boiled and or thickened with pectin, gelatine, or
starch (jelly, jams).
Fruit may be frozen after initial preparation to change consistency and retain colour and flavour.
Commercial manufactured fillings are readily available.
Fresh Cream and/or Imitation Cream based – may be flavoured with liqueur
and/or fruits, including chocolate and other flavours.
Creams may be stabilised with agar agar, gelatine and or starches. Special
powders are commercially available to stabilise cream, which are freeze and thaw
stable.
It is important not to overwhip cream before using in mousses and fillings because further mixing
can cause the cream to ‘split’, this is when the fat solids separate from the liquids causing a
granulated or lumpy mouth feel, a smooth feel is desirable.
Marzipan and Nougat – may be used by itself or with the addition of liqueurs
and /or other flavours.
Bread & Pastry Production 23
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must
submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project by the
date agreed to with your Trainer.
2.1
Summary Each
product will
need either
filling or
product to
finish
Select required commodities to recipe requirements: outside:
Commodities need to be fit for human consumption
Commodities can be expressed as compounds such as:
Ganache
Chiboust crème
Buttercream.
Prepare a variety of fillings and coating/icing, glazes and
decorations for cakes:
Coatings are to add eye appeal and flavour, also slows product from
staling
Coatings and icing need to compliment cake
Fillings also need to compliment the products.
Filling that might need to be made before the product is to be backed
Fillings that will be used to assemble layers of baked product need to complete the
product, this is mainly gateaux
Glazes or coating that will be applied to finish the product.
The student is required provide list of equipment and ingredients required to complete the fillings
and glazes.
2
4 Bread & Pastry Production
Learning Outcomes 3:
Bases
Sponge cake
Many different ways of making sponge cake. Ideal f or gateau making, can
be plain, made with nuts or different colours. Easy to slice.
Butter cake
Japonaise
A baked meringue of ground nuts sugar and egg white. Less sugar than normal meringue.
Dacquoise
A gateau that has meringue style base and top with flavoured cream between.
The name has also become synonymous with the meringue base on its own .
Very similar to Japonaise. Dacquoise can be made with coconut instead of nuts
where Japonaise is not.
Shortbread
Used to support gateau base when extra strength is needed. Needs to be very thin to
make the eating sensation more refined. Can be fragile when using.
Multiple layers of almond or walnut shortbread layered together jam, then glazed with an
icing can be considered a torte by itself.
Puff pastry
Used as a base for Gateau St Honore. Gateau Mille Feulle is layered together
with flavoured Crème Patisserie and then glazed with feathered fondant for
visual impact.
Choux pastry
2
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Gateau St Honore is the classic that uses balls of choux pastry filled
with flavoured crème patisserie that are then glazed with boiled toffee.
Crème Patisserie is used because fresh cream and mousse would just
melt when the hot toffee is applied.
Fillings
They can stand alone or be bases to carry other eating sensations such
as flavour and textural diversity.
Buttercreams
French, German or Italian styles each have their own characteristics. They can all carry
colour and flavour to add to the eating and flavour sensation.
Mousses
Flavoured fresh creams. Can be stabilised when chilled with the addition
of setting agents like gelatine or agar-agar.
Chibouste crème
A mix of Crème Patisserie and Italian Meringue. This mixture is more delicate
than buttercreams. Does not like to be over mixed as it will collapse easily.
Crème patisserie
A starch thickened milk enriched with the addition of egg. Will carry any flavour and colour
but care needs to be taken when making to avoid lumps in the cooking process.
Ganache
Fruits
2
6 Bread & Pastry Production
As filling some these will need to be cooked before either going into
oven or in filling in gateau. Apple for example will lose a lot of water.
Apricots not so much.
Apricots may not cook enough before the batter cooks so better to
cook the fruit before being used.
Raw fruit can oxidise and discolour. Uncooked fruit in filling will lose water internally and
soak pastry or cake mix that surrounds it causing cake batter not to bake properly.
Berries are the exception to this as they are delicate but will still stain.
Fresh Fruits can be held in gel suspensions. This helps to hold moisture in place.
Dried fruits can be used for strong flavour and increased sugar content.
Dried fruits that are slightly re hydrated are good because they are available all year round
and easier to store. Will sit at room temperature.
Décor
This is a term used to describe decorations that may be applied to the outside of
the gateau.
Roasted nuts
Sliced or ground or nibbed or shaved. These are all way that nuts can be
purchased for decoration purposes.
These will need to be roasted before using as the ‘RAW’ flavour ‘lacks’
character and diminishes the flavour of product.
ROASTING of nuts improves the flavour and colour of the nut so adding to the visual
appeal outside of the gateau.
Coconut while not being a true nut can be treated the same as nuts for this purpose and
has the advantage of being much more economical.
Candied fruits
Fruits that are slowly immersed in hot saturated sugar solution several
times will absorb the sugar and when cooled down and air dried will
stand at room temperature without the need for temperature control to
preserve them for longer periods of time than when fresh.
These can be colour enhanced as the cooking process can leach out colour. Some can be
natural. Visual appeal is the key here as well as food value.
2
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Non pariels
A coloured sugar candy that can be used to attach to the side of gateau or even applied to
the top of gateau.
Chocolate decors
Strips, curls and shapes can be formed to produce decoration that are place onto the top
of sides of gateau.
Assembly Production
Production for Gateaux, Tortes and Cakes are usually over a period of several days.
Freezing techniques have advanced and simplified Cake making and it offers for the small
Patisserie shops great advantages: bigger selection of gateaux, longer shelf life.
A production schedule for Gateaux and Tortes may looks like the following:
Day 1:
Preparation of dough
Preparation of special fillings like fruit, and creams
or mousses, different from the main flavour of the
gateaux
Preparation of sponges and cakes.
Day 2:
Day 3:
The gateaux are finished and decorated on a daily basis. This way the customer is
assured freshest and the best possible product. Instruction should be
supplied with all recipes.
Clear Acetate used to line moulds that have mousse filling on top of sponge. Different
cream fillings can be high-lighted when seen through the acetate.
Blast chillers to chill product quickly so the next stage of production can be commenced.
Freezers to hold product in suspension for sale at a later date. Keeps production cost
down.
All good recipes will have instruction on how the product should be assembled.
The role of the competent pastrycook/Patissier is to interpret the instruction then replicate
what has been written:
Spreading of cream:
Enrobing
If the glaze is too hot it will just fall off the cake
3
0 Bread & Pastry Production
If it is too cold in will not run properly and the glaze will be too thick when it
is set.
Consistency of design
Symmetry
Consistency in size of decorations
Balance across the product.
Many cakes and gateaux look spectacular when finished:
Gateaux: Multiple layers of cake and filling that has been enrobed and
decorated.
When designing your spectacular masterpiece other things need to be looked:
Before the sponge can be layered with the chosen filling and
topping, it needs to be cut (with a serrated knife) into
appropriate horizontal even size layers. It takes practice to
master an even straight cut but it makes all the difference in
the presentation. Once cut, it needs to be covered to prevent drying until ready to use.
The filling should be weighed or evenly divided to gain the required yield.
Each layer should be levelled with a cranked or straight palette knife so that all the levels
are even.
3
Bread & Pastry Production 1
The top and sides take a lot of skills as they needs to be straight for
best presentation; this is called ‘masking’ (coating).
When finished, the sides can be masked with roast nuts, chocolate
shaving and ‘hundred and thousand’ (little coloured sugar drops)
and the top decorated with the appropriate decoration.
When using a knife to cut slices, mark the surface for the number of pieces required by
marking cuts directly through the middle of the cake.
A cake divider greatly helps when learning how to mark even number of portions.
If a soft icing, cream or chocolate coating is used it may be necessary to pre-cut the sides
using a knife dipped in hot water to cut through the hard crust and to prevent the soft icing
or cream from being flattened.
Cut through the cake carefully ensuring you submerge the blade of your knife (preferably
a long thin blade) in hot water (in a tall jug or tin), then dry the warmed blade between
each cut. It is important to cut with even motion and pressure (not to tear and squash) and
to hold the blade very straight to prevent cutting in an angle.
Use a moistened cloth or some paper towel to clean the blade from any sticky fillings or
glazes before the next cut.
Remember:
Each cut must be the same size for the purposes of presentation and
portion control.
Cakes can sometime be semi frozen for easier portioning.
Note: The knife be must sharp in order not to flatten the cake and to keep the
decorations from being damaged between cuts.
3
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You
must submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the
project by the date agreed to with your Trainer.
2.1 Each student will need to construct a range of gateaux and Tortes:
Summary
Assemble Commodities:
Mise en Place
Before any assembly can take place all of the parts have to be in place
Parts? A gateau is a structure, so all parts must be present or the
structure cannot take place.
Assemble gateuax:
Gateau traditionally have been constructed from the bottom to the top
Some modern styles are constructed upside down
Mousse or flavoured cream is placed into plastic lined forms or moulds
and bottom layers are placed on top. The product is then chilled or frozen
Upon setting the product is then removed from the mould and turned over
before final décor is added.
Each layer will need to be marked either by a colour or shape in the diagram
Relative thickness will need to be supplied.
All needs to be approved by the Trainer before moving to the next step.
2.2 Student will then need to construct the selection of the gateaux to the point before
decorating.
3
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Learning Outcomes 4:
In a display fridge
Displayed on a dessert buffet.
A well presented display increases eye appeal and may
persuade costumers to order a slice or buy a whole cake
when they see it.
When you are displaying a cake you don’t want to leave it in the
display if 1/3 of the cake is left and crumbs are lying around the
plate.
A lace doyley placed under the cake adds to the visual pleasure
but make sure the cake is cut before hand as not to damage the doyley.
3
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must
submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project by
the date agreed to with your Trainer.
The student will need to produce a diagram of a gateaux that they will be decorating:
Summary
Does it have any significance about it? Special occasions, festival time.
Fondant
Ganache.
3
6 Bread & Pastry Production
3
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Learning Outcomes 5:
In larger kitchens there will be dedicated controlled storage for gateaux and tortes.
Controlled storage is a term that covers ‘chilled, enclosed spaces’ and ‘room temperature,
enclosed spaces’ areas.
Most Gateaux will need to be chilled because of the nature of the ingredients.
Appropriate containers
Labelling
Labelling is required in the modern world. Labelling must be adhered to outside packages.
It informs the customer who is able to make a choices and it does protect the manufacturer
against unfounded complaints.
Cool room placement
Delicate products need to be stored in an area where the possibility of damage is minimised.
Length of time in cool storage
Fresh products all have ‘different lifetimes’ at what sage do they become ‘unsaleable’ and
‘inconsumable’:
Unsaleable Food: All purchasers have the right to be able to purchase food that
will last a certain period of time past the time of purchase. This will vary from food
product to food product
Inconsumable food: Food that is not fit for human consumption. This food
should not be sold. Manufacturer must accept the loss.
Freezer temperature
Pastisserie products like gateaux and tortes should only be in freezer for weekly periods.
Freezing will have a drying effect on products. The longer product is in frozen state the more
likely quality will diminish.
Freezer space is also expensive, so the longer it is in freezer the more it has cost to produce.
Staling
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer. You must
submit documentation, suitable evidence or other relevant proof of completion of the project to
your
Summary Trainer
by the
date
agreed
to.
temperature are you going to store your finished gateaux and torte product:
You need to cite standards and explain why these standards are being implemented
Students can use photographic evidence to demonstrate how this will be
implemented.
4
Prepare and Present Gateaux, Tortes and Cakes 1
Recommended Reading
Bullock-Prado, Gesine; 2013; Bake It Like You Mean It: Gorgeous Cakes from Inside Out;
Stewart, Tabori and Chang
Bullock-Prado, Gesine; 2012; Pie It Forward: Pies, Tarts, Tortes, Galettes, and Other
Pastries Reinvented; Stewart, Tabori and Chang
Editors of Martha Stewart Living ; 2013; Martha Stewart's Cakes: Our First-Ever Book of
Bundts, Loaves, Layers, Coffee Cakes; Clarkson Potter
Franks, Jo; 2012; Torte Greats: Delicious Torte Recipes, The Top 79 Torte Recipes; Tebbo
Maree, Aaron; 1995; Cakes, Tortes and Gateaux of the World: Exotic and Delightful
Recipes, Icings, Toppings and Decorations; Cassell Illustrated
Mörwald, Toni; Austrian Desserts: Over 400 Cakes, Pastries, Strudels, Tortes, and
Candies; Skyhorse Publishing
Peterson, Christina; 2013 (Kindle edition); Torte Dessert Recipes; Amazon Digital
Services
Rettke, Amanda; 2014; Surprise-Inside Cakes: Amazing Cakes for Every Occasion;
William Morrow Cookbooks
Richardson, Julie; 2012; Vintage Cakes: Timeless Recipes for Cupcakes, Flips, Rolls,
Layer, Angel, Bundt, Chiffon, and Icebox Cakes for Today's Sweet Tooth; Ten Speed Press
4
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Don’t Do Does
Please tick the appropriate box Agree Know Not Not
Agree Apply
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Prepare and Present Gateaux, Tortes and
Cakes Y N
Learning Outcomes 1:
Learning Outcomes 2:
Learning Outcomes 3:
Learning Outcomes 4:
Learning Outcomes 5:
Store at correct temperature and conditions of storage
Statement by Trainee:
__________________ ______ /
S ___________ D ______ / ______
Note:
4
Bread & Pastry Production 7
For all boxes where a No* is ticked, please provide details of the extra steps or
work you need to do to become ready for assessment.
4
8 Bread & Pastry Production
MODULE IV
PREPARE AND
DISPLAY PETIT
FOURS
Introduction
Prepare and display petit fours
4
Bread & Pastry Production 9
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to Prepare & Display Petit
Fours in a range of settings within the hotel and travel industries workplace context.
Course Code:
FPT 121
HRM 4
GRADE 11
Nominal Hours:
35 hours
Learning Outcomes 1:
Performance Criteria
1.1 Prepare petit four bases
1.2 Cut and assemble bases for petit four glace
1.3 Prepare and flavour fillings to required consistency
1.4 Prepare petit four glace for glazing
1.5 Decorate petit four glace to enhance customer eye appeal
1.6 Display petit four glace
Learning Outcomes 2:
Performance Criteria
2.1 Prepare and flavour marzipan
2.2 Shape marzipan
2.3 Prepare marzipan for glazing
2.4 Decorate marzipan petit fours to enhance customer eye appeal
2.5 Display marzipan petit fours
Learning Outcomes 3:
Performance Criteria
3.1 Prepare and bake selection of petit four sec
3.2 Prepare and flavour fillings to required consistency
3.3 Prepare petit four sec for glazing
3.4 Decorate petit four sec to enhance customer eye appeal
3.5 Display petit four sec
5
0 Bread & Pastry Production
Learning Outcomes 4:
Performance Criteria
4.1 Select fruits/nuts
4.2 Prepare products
4.3 Prepare coating for fruits
4.4 Coat caramelised petit fours
4.5 Display caramelised petit fours
Learning Outcomes 5:
Performance Criteria
5.1 Store at correct temperature and conditions
5.2 Maintain maximum eating quality, appearance and freshness
Glossary
Term Explanation
Atomis Devices for converting a liquid (colour) into a fine spray under
er pressure by blowing or depressing an air- filled rubber bulb.
Cacho Small silver coloured candied sugar balls used for decorating
us petits fours.
Term Explanation
syrup.
Sugar See stock syrup: used to carry alcohol or strong flavours into
syrup plain sheets of sponge, also to add moisture to old product
5
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Introduction
Petit Fours literally translate to ‘a small oven’. The name is said to have
originated from the practice of cooking small pastries. A petits four, that is to
say, in a low temperature oven.
Petit Fours are using served with coffee with one or two pieces per
person, or displayed on buffets.
They also go well with sabayon, ice creams, sorbets, fruit fools and mousses
and are used to decorate special gateaux and charlottes (Charlotte Royal) on
a menu.
5
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Learning Outcomes 1:
1.1 Select required commodities according
to recipe and production requirements
Petit Fours glacé are generally either glazed with fondant or dipped in chocolate
before the final decoration is added.
The term glacé is also used to indicate any iced pastry. Such
as a small tartlet or those made from pate a choux or
meringue.
Small almond cakes may also be wrapped in marzipan or modelling chocolate and
served as petit fours.
Sponge
Cake
Shortbread
Pastry
Chocolate
Marzipan
Choux pastry.
Main requirement of a petit four base is that it is strong enough to 'hold' the petit
four when it is picked up by the customer to be eaten.
Sponge
Normally sponge is baked in thin sheets and they are layered' together with
flavoured filling that will act as an adhesive to hold the sheets of sponge together.
Bread & Pastry Production 55
The sheets can be just a carrier for the filling, especially chocolate.
When the sponge sheets are layer with the filling they are stored for a period of time
for the sheets and filling to bond and then the sheet is cut into small pieces:
Shortbread
Pastry
A savoury pastry like puff pastry can make a suitable base for petit fours when a
sweet filling is used.
Chocolate
When working with ganache, a soft mixture of chocolate and cream can be
presented in a base of hard chocolate. This chocolate has been melted and
'tempered' then spread thinly onto parchment paper
and allowed to set. At the point of setting it is cut into
shapes with a warmed metal knife or cutter.
Marzipan
Choux pastry
Choux pastry is made by boiling water and fat, adding flour and cooking panada.
Bread & Pastry Production 57
Before you can assemble your petit fours the basic principle is the same.
Normal
Chocolate
Ganache.
What is needed?
Method of Assembly
58 Bread & Pastry Production
Product needs to stand, while being weighted down for at least 2 hours
Butter cream products need to stand in cool environment until they are firm.
The biggest shape that these petit fours are cut into is square.
Any shape can be used but accuracy of cutting is essential. Minimising waste will
increase yield therefore profits increase.
Size
Variety of shapes
Consistency in size and shape.
Shape to cut
Bread & Pastry Production 59
Triangle Shapes
Square cut
1.3 Produce a variety of sponges and cakes
for gateaux, tortes and cakes according to
standard recipes and enterprise standards
Fillings will vary according to selling price, storage requirements and marketplace
requirements.
60 Bread & Pastry Production
Ganache
Butter creams
Butter creams can be flavoured to desired standard, adds good mouth feel and cuts
well when cold.
It needs to be chilled before cutting. It will then need to stand in non refrigerated
environment for short periods of time.
Butter creams are versatile for decorating the tops of petit fours as they can be
flavoured and easily piped. But it damages easily when at room temperature.
When butter cream is made it needs to be kept at a temperature that will not give
adverse reaction to customers.
1.4 Use appropriate equipment to prepare
and bake sponges and cakes for gateaux,
tortes and cakes
Introduction
Jams
Bread & Pastry Production 61
Jam can be used as a glaze but it needs to be applied when it is boiling. It needs to
be applied thinly and then given the opportunity to dry. Care needs to be taken
when cutting.
Creams
Chocolate
Fondant
Ganache
To apply any of these glazes the petit four needs to have sharp edges and smooth
lines.
Surface needs to be dry and free of moisture. If the surface is not dry then the
glaze may not bind to the surface of the petit four.
62 Bread & Pastry Production
Introduction
Wow factor
Eye appeal
Visual and textural diversity.
64 Bread & Pastry Production
Bread & Pastry Production 65
Decorative Designs
66 Bread & Pastry Production
Introduction
Petit Fours are normally served with coffee after the meal. Petit four sec is popular
here because they are sweet and do not
need refrigeration.
Almond goods
Small shortbreads.
Classical display in larger hotels would be
on large platters. Service staff would choose
customer request as required.
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer by the agreed date.
The student will need to complete a plan to produce at two different recipes of petit
four glace.
Plan is to include completed recipe with all ingredients and methods of production.
List of all equipment that will be needed to produce the petit four glace.
Sponge
Shortbread
Japonaise
Choux pastry.
Jams
Ganache
Mousse
Marzipan.
Sugar fondant
Ganache
Sugar frosting.
Motifs
Glace fruits.
Platters
68 Bread & Pastry Production
Plates.
Summary
Prepare and present gateaux, tortes and cakes
Prepare bases
Production of the bases is the easy part
Sheet bases need to be thin and even across all the area
Lumps and bumps look bad when cut
Bases made out of any dry pastry cake or sponge.
Cut to shape
Any shape can be used but wastage needs to be costed into production
Best shapes are straight lines
Cut small.
Glazing
Do not prepare glaze too far ahead or it may lose shine, gloss, heat
The preparation will need to be done again
Product must be dry
Have plenty of workspace.
Display
Consistent shape
Consistent configuration
Alternating height and profiles.
6
Bread & Pastry Production 9
Learning Outcomes 2:
2.1 Select required commodities according
to recipe and production requirements
Marzipan is a sweetened mixture of ground almonds, liquid glucose/eggwhites,
corn syrup/sugar syrup and either icing sugar or caster sugar. It is also known as
almond paste.
Marzipan is very versatile paste. Petit Fours based on a marzipan are attractive and
popular for their colour and appearance and their delicate pleasing taste.
Marzipan
Ingredients Quanti
G ty
Brandy 1tsp
B Almond extract 1 drop
Method
1 Sift the icing sugar and combine ingredients from group A into a bowl
2 Add the ingredients from group B and gradually add the warm glucose
3 Knead unit it forms like a dough
4 Wrap tightly.
When the marzipan is made it needs to be stored and protected from the air. It will
dry and these dry pieces will have an unpleasant mouth feel if allowed to be
incorporated into the mix.
Bake in a hot oven until golden brown. To bake marzipan it must have a higher
proportion of sugar. If the proportion of sugar is too high, the marzipan will boil
instead of bake. This will adversely affect the taste and appearance of the finish
creation.
Marzipan Fancies
Using marzipan and adding different types of flavoured paste, nuts, liqueurs or
preserved fruits.
To stuff dates or prunes, marzipan is flavoured (vanilla, kirsch, rum) and /or
coloured.
Even sized pieces are cut from thin sausage shaped rolls, then rolled in the palm of
the hand first round, then elongated to fit the cavity of the fruit.
About ¼ to 1/5 of the marzipan should be visible. Pitted, firm and small dates or
prunes are stuffed with marzipan, and then rolled in the palm of the hand to
smooth.
With the back of a small knife, three to four lines are marked on the marzipan that
sticks out of the date (prune).
The pieces are now rolled in caster sugar or after having dried, dipped into
caramel.
For other varieties, even sized small flavoured and/or coloured pieces are shaped
round, then topped with a piece of glace pineapple or half glace cherry or walnut or
pecan nut halves, then rolled in sugar or caramelised.
To glace cherry haves or nut quarters are attached (lightly pressed on) to both
sides of a small ball of marzipan, then rolled in sugar or coated with caramel.
For display or service, they are set in little petit four paper cups.
Modelled Marzipan
Marzipan modelled into various fruit shapes and vegetable, then coloured and
sealed.
To retain the eating quality and to extend the shelf life, the marzipan is sprayed with
a thin coat of cocoa butter (commercially available in a spray can).
To store marzipan, wrap it in plastic (cling) wrap and place it in an airtight container.
Hygiene
When working with marzipan, hygiene and cleanliness of equipment, utensils, work
space and hands are of the utmost importance.
Marzipan is a very versatile paste. Petits fours based on marzipan are attractive
and popular for their colourful and/or appetising appearance and their delicate
pleasing taste.
Introduction
Marzipan modelled into various fruit shapes, then coloured and sealed
Marzipan fancies, using flavoured marzipan with nuts or preserved fruit
Piped marzipan, browned in a hot oven, coated with glaze while still hot.
Modelled marzipan
Cut into uniform small pieces (10–12 g), the marzipan is shaped into seamless
round balls.
7
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Using the palm of the hands, the basic form of the fruit to be represented is
modelled next.
Modelling Tools: Prepare and display petit fours; ANTA 2003
The finished fruit is set on to greaseproof or silicon paper with very evenly spaced
gaps in between, to allow easy and even access for spraying with colour.
Powdered food colouring is mixed with clear spirit concentrate and sprayed on to
the marzipan fruits with an atomiser or air brush and then allowed to dry.
Banana shapes benefit from having a few fine brown lines brushed on, likewise
some varieties of apples and pears.
To retain the eating quality (and to extend shelf life) the marzipan is sprayed with a
thin coat of cocoa butter (commercially available in spray cans).
Using a small ball of cotton wool dipped into some dried-out starch, e.g. corn starch
dried in a warm oven with the oven door left ajar, peach and apricot shapes are
gently dabbed for a velvety appearance.
For display or service, the marzipan fruits are set into small petit four paper cups
and arranged attractively for service or display.
For storage, they keep quite well if covered for protection from dust and odours in
a cool and dry area.
When working with marzipan, hygiene and cleanliness of equipment, utensils, work
space and hands are of utmost importance.
A person suffering from sweaty palms (hands) must wear tight-fitting, thin plastic
gloves for good hygiene. Marzipan should be exposed to a minimum of handling.
Marzipan fancies
Marzipan is flavoured and/or coloured and used for stuffing dates or prunes or
topped with or sandwiched between nuts and glace fruits.
7
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Pitted, firm and small dates or prunes are stuffed with the marzipan, then rolled in
the palm of the hand to smooth
With the back of a small knife, three to four lines are marked onto the marzipan
that sticks out of the date (prune)
The pieces are now rolled in caster sugar or after having dried, dipped into
caramel.
For other varieties, even-sized small flavoured and/or coloured pieces are shaped
round, then topped with a piece of glace pineapple or half glace cherry or walnut or
pecan nut halves, then rolled in sugar or caramelised.
Similarly, two glace cherry halves or nut quarters are attached (lightly pressed on)
to both sides of a small ball of marzipan, then rolled in sugar or coated with
caramel.
Remember:
Prior to glazing marzipan to be dry. If the marzipan is still moist the glaze will not
adhere to the surface of the product.
Fondant is good for glazing but the surface will need to be coated to stop the
fondant from soaking into the marzipan.
Food Lacquer and cocoa butter are available to use. Some are in spray aerosol
cans and some can be applied with a brush.
Gum Accacia (Gum Arabica) is an exudant from acacia trees in Northern Africa. It
is hardened gum on the outside of the tree.
Ground to fine white powder it is added to water and boiled. Apply to product while
still hot it will cool with a pleasing sheen.
Application to hot product will evaporate off excess moisture and a nice sheen will
remain
Application to cold product will make the product soggy.
Sugar water (syrup) does not make a good glaze for marzipan products.
7
Bread & Pastry Production 5
For this to be used it will have to be sprayed with food grade lacquer from aerosol
spray.
Chocolate
Chocolate can be applied directly to the finished product. This tends to be brittle
and breaks easily. Ganache that is firm can be applied and after it is set it can be
cut if needed.
Fondant icing
Fondant is sugar that is boiled to 114°C agitated or stirred as it is cooled. The clear
solution turns white and when it is smooth it needs to be sorted until cool and
needed.
Non-parrels
7
6 Bread & Pastry Production
Glace fruits
Glace fruits used to be a popular way of preserving fruits. Glace fruits are very
stable at room temperature and do not need refrigeration. The shine exuded comes
from being dipped in sugar solution many times and being allowed to dry before
being dipped again.
There is a wide variety of glace fruits available. They will need to be cut to size and
this is very time consuming.
Also would normally be applied to marzipan before baking, glaze then applied to
seal.
Attractively displayed petits fours are great product for catching the customers’
attention.
Displaying on ceramics plates and platters, glass mirrors trays can look very
effective in buffet style service.
Individual serves of 3-4 pieces per plate is for effective for modern coffee service.
7
8 Bread & Pastry Production
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
The student will need to complete a plan to produce at two different recipes of petit
four glace.
Plan is to include completed recipe with all ingredients and methods of production.
List of all equipment that will be needed to produce the petit four marzipan.
Sugar fondant
Ganache
Sugar frosting
Motifs
Glace fruits.
Platters
Plate
Tile
Height alternation
Alternate profile.
7
Bread & Pastry Production 9
Summary
8
0 Bread & Pastry Production
Learning Outcomes 3:
3.1 Assemble required commodities and/or
preparations
Petit four 'sec' and. Petit four 'dry' - This was probably the first petit four style.
Shortbreads
The dough can also be rolled out into sheets and multitude of shapes can be
acquired from special made cutters.
Doughs can be flavoured with spices, nuts and glace and dried fruits.
When baked products are cooled the product can be can be finished by dipping in
chocolate, apply icing to surface and allow drying.
Puff pastry
Honey doughs
Basel Leckerli; a honey dough filled with dried fruits and nuts, rolled flat and baked
then glazed with boiled sugar brushed on to leave white sugar coating
8
Bread & Pastry Production 1
Ganache
Jam
Jam is piped onto one piece then another piece is placed on top and 2 pieces bond.
Butter cream
Butter cream will sit at room temperature for several days. It colours
well and can be flavoured with anything of your choice.
Marzipan
Flavouring
Colouring
Softening agent such sugar water.
Sugar water needs to be added in moderation and if left for too long fermentation can
occur.
Dried fruits
When added to binding agents they make flavoursome fil lings for many pastries.
8
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Roasted nuts and dried fruits bound in small amounts of jam work well in
shortbread
Dried fruits mixed into marzipan also add interest.
Ingredients with low water activity make the best fillings. Too much
moisture will soften the dry pastry and make them less palatable to
customer.
8
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Egg wash applied before baking will give a pleasing eye appeal to the finished product
Sugar applied before the baking process will give textural crunch to the baked product. If
baked at high enough temperature it will caramelise and give a clear finish
Boiled sugar applied after the baking process (basel leckeli) will set to a dry touch and add
flavour to product
Gum Acacia (Gum Arabica) applied while baked gingerbread
is still hot will give a pleasing sheen to the cooled product
Ganache applied correctly give an appealing finish
Fondant is versatile, can be coloured, flavoured and if
prepared correctly looks appealing and will stand at room
temperature for several days.
For glazing to be applied to the petit fours before or after baking the product needs to
be dry and free from foreign objects.
Crumbs for cutting will get stuck in the glaze and ruin the eye appeal of the finished
product.
8
4 Bread & Pastry Production
Decorations need to add eye appeal and also should be in keeping with the theme of
the product.
Simple
Small
Easy to apply.
Decorations can be:
8
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Fresh petit four sec should be crisp to the bite and if allowed to stand exposed for too
long in the open will lose that crispness and be dull to eat.
If they have been out on display and not consumed then they are then discarded.
As per Food Safety Plan (FSP) requirements, any food that has been on display or
served to customers and not consumed then it needs to be discarded because
'control' has been lost.
Decorated petits fours (in particular the iced variety) lend themselves to immaculate
craftsmanship and decorating skills.
To attract the respect for this work, a neat uncluttered, clean and tidy display is
essential.
This greatly affects the visual impact and appreciation of the viewer and will tempt
the customer to indulge.
Displaying on ceramics plates and platters, glass mirrors trays can look very effective
in buffet style service.
Individual serves of 3-4 pieces per plate is for effective for modern coffee service.
8
6 Bread & Pastry Production
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
The student will need to complete a plan to produce at two different recipes of petit
four sec.
Plan is to include completed recipe with all ingredients and methods of production.
List of all equipment that will be needed to produce the petit four sec.
Dipped in chocolate
Dusted with icing sugar
Keep it simple.
8
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Summary
Outside of petit four tends not to have a glaze. Chocolate may be piped over part of
petit for but not totally covered.
Butter shortbread with a spot of jam sandwiched between two pieces
Viennese shortbread with a small piece of glace cherry on top
Keep it simple.
Prepare and flavour fillings to required consistency
Petit four sec tend not to have much filling.
Jam
Ganache
Butter cream.
Learning Outcomes 4:
4.1 Decorate cakes for gateaux, tortes and
cakes using coating, icing and decorations to
according to standard recipes and/or
enterprise standards and/or customer
requests
Introduction
Caramelised sugar can be used to 'glaze' petit fours before they are served.
Caramelised petit fours have a very short shelf life unless the sugar is sprayed with
lacquer after it is applied. Sugar breaks down when it stands for too long at room
temperature.
'Breaks down' is a term used to describe the action of moisture from the air attaching
itself to the sugar and dissolving the sugar. The surface becomes sticky and the
sugar just runs off the product.
Caramelised petit fours are mainly roasted nuts and dried fruits with marzipan.
Any product that is going to be coated with caramel will need to be dry in texture.
Strawberry and grapes can be dipped in caramel but only have a life span of a
couple of hours. 30-40 minutes is best.
When fresh fruit is dipped the moisture inside ‘boils’ and structure of the fruit just
under the skin breaks down and the resulting moisture weeps through the skin and
releases the caramelised sugar from the surface.
Dried fruits stuffed with flavoured marzipan or other dried fruit and sugar/flavour
mixtures are excellent candidates for coating with caramel.
Nuts like walnuts should be chosen for their whole halves, no chips of breakages to
the nut piece. Two walnut halves with a ball of flavoured marzipan between.
All the products need to be clean and dry for the caramel to adhere.
Any fruit that is to be dipped in caramel needs to be dry and its skin needs to be
intact.
Nuts should be slightly roasted; raw nuts have a diminished flavour to them.
To dip in caramel product and equipment needs to be prepared before the making of
the caramel.
Having a prepared surface to place the caramel dipped product is also important. An
oiled surface will allow the caramel to cool and then not bond to the surface.
If hot caramel is placed onto an unprepared surface it will stick to the surface. The
product will then crack when attempting to remove the product from that surface.
4.4 Coat caramelised petit fours
Dip the product into the hot caramel.
Take a dipping fork into oil and then pick up the product and let it drop into the toffee.
Use the oil covered parts of the fork to roll the product in the hot caramel and then
remove the product from the hot caramel and the caramel covered product should
slide off the fork onto the prepared surface that has been smeared with oil to prevent
sticking.
9
Bread & Pastry Production 1
Hold product above caramel and allow excess to flow back into pot. Sit product on
oiled surface to cool.
Recommendation:
When working with hot caramel at is advisable to have a bowl of cold water next to
you.
If the hot caramel touches the human skin it will cause very bad damage.
Do not try to wipe the hot caramel off as it will just cause more damage.
Place the affected area into the cold water. This will cool and set the caramel. It can
then be peeled off with minimal damage to skin surface.
This technique is about minimising further damage to other parts of the body.
Trying to wipe the hot toffee off with the other hand only burns the other hand
Placing finger into mouth only burns the tongue and roof of mouth.
9
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Attractively displayed petits fours are great product for catching the customers’
attention.
They look most attractive when arranged neatly and with thought given to the
repetition or alternation of shapes, colours and decorations.
Individual serves of 3 - 4 pieces per plate is for effective for modern coffee service.
Caramelised petit fours need to be served fresh and in paper containers. This makes
it easy for the customer to handle them.
9
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
4.1 The student will need to complete a plan to produce at two different recipes of caramelised
petit four and six portions of each:
Plan is to include completed recipe with all ingredients and methods of production
List of all equipment that will be needed to produce the caramelised petit fours.
4.3 Discuss how the product needs to be prepared for the caramel to bond:
4.4 Draw a diagram of how the caramelised petit four will be displayed.
9
4 Bread & Pastry Production
Summary
Select fruits/nuts
Fruits should have skin intact and have stem attached for easier handling
Fruit needs to be dry
Nuts need to be complete, with broken, chipped not to be included.
Prepare products
Product needs to be clean and smooth. No foreign matter attached
Marzipan flavour fillings between nuts or inserted into dates need to be prepared.
Prepare coating for fruits
Caramelised sugar needs to be heated to sufficiently high temperatures that it
sets with a 'crack'
A light amber colour needs to be present; hence the name 'caramel'.
Coat caramelised petit fours
Care needs to be taken when handling the 'hot caramel'
Product needs to have a dry surface for the caramel to bond
Surface that product is placed to cool needs to have non stick ability - oiled.
Display caramelised petit fours
Normal display characteristics need to be given
Highlight attributes of product
Show craftsmanship in display
Alternate shapes to improve eye appeal
Alternate heights to break up profile.
9
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Learning Outcomes 5:
5.1 Store at correct temperature and
conditions of storage
All prepared petit fours will suffer from too much moisture in the environment.
A cool dry closed environment is best for storage of all petit fours except those that
contain perishable ingredients like
fresh cream.
This is caused by the fact that the moisture just under the surface of the skin boils,
breaking the cellular structure of the fruit and the moisture held inside seeps
through the damaged skin.
5.2 Maintain maximum eating quality,
appearance and freshness
It is a mistake to produce more than can be used in defined periods. It may be more
economically viable to produce large numbers of a certain product.
Then bake as needed. But this does take space and time in freezer.
9
6 Prepare and display petit fours
The best way to have fresh petit fours is to produce them regularly and as needed.
Protect finished petit four from adverse conditions to maintain structural integrity by
enclosing in food safe containers.
9
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
5.1 The student will need to complete a report on how they plan to store the petit four
produced:
Summary
Petit fours will need to be kept in secure environment to keep freshness and eating
quality enhanced for customer satisfaction.
Secure environment will depend on the type of petit four.
High risk ingredients will need to be in controlled environment.
Unbaked product will need to be frozen until ready for baking.
To protect from adverse conditions
To maintain integrity
Report should cover all types of petit fours, petit four sec, glace, marzipan, or caramelised.
5.2 What are the environmental conditions that they need to be stored in to maintain integrity?
5.3. How do they need to be stored to maintain integrity to maintain eating quality and
freshness?
9
8 [TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE]
Recommended reading
Bloom,Carole ;2009; Bite-Size Desserts: Creating Mini Sweet Treats, from
Cupcakes to Cobblers to Custards and Cookies; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Braker, Flo; 2000; Sweet Miniatures: The Art of Making Bite-Size Desserts;
Chronicle Books
Brooks Coulson Nguyen; 2013; The Petit Four Cookbook; Ulysses Press
Dodge, Abigail Johnson; 2012; Mini Treats & Hand-Held Sweets: 100
Delicious Desserts to Pick Up and Eat; Taunton Press
Fisher, Teri Lyn; 2012;Tiny Food Party!: Bite-Size Recipes for Miniature
Meals; Quirk Books
Friberg, Bo; 2004 (4th edition); The Professional Pastrychef; Van Nostrand
Reinhold
Michel Roux; 1996; Desserts, A Life Long Passion; Conran Octopus Limited
The following statements are about the competency you have just completed.
1
0
Bread & Pastry Production 1
1
0
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Learning Outcomes 1:
Select required commodities according to recipe and
production requirements
Learning Outcomes 2:
Select required commodities according to recipe and
production requirements
Prepare marzipan for glazing
Display marzipan petit fours
Learning Outcomes 3:
Assemble required commodities and/or preparations
1
0
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Learning Outcomes 4:
Decorate cakes for gateaux, tortes and cakes using
coating, icing and decorations to according to standard
recipes and/or enterprise standards and/or customer
requests
Prepare coating for fruits
Coat caramelised petit fours
Display caramelised petit fours
Learning Outcomes 5:
Store at correct temperature and conditions of storage
Statement by Trainee:
__________________ ______ /
S ___________ D ______ / ______
Note:
For all boxes where a No* is ticked, please provide details of the extra steps or
work you need to do to become ready for assessment.
MODULE V
1
0
Bread & Pastry Production 5
PRESENT DESSERT
Introduction
This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required to Present Desserts in a
range of settings within the hotel and travel industries workplace context.
Course Code:
FPT 121
HRM 4
GRADE 11
1
0
6 Bread & Pastry Production
Nominal Hours:
50 hours
Learning Outcomes 1: Plan dessert display
Performance Criteria
1.1 Plan dessert display appropriate to location, facilities and equipment
1.2 Plan appropriate amount and variety for event and or service period
1.3 Plan appropriate sauces and garnishes
Learning Outcomes 2: Present plated dessert
Performance Criteria
2.1 Portion deserts
2.2 Plate and present and/or decorate desserts
2.3 Control service temperature of desserts
Learning Outcomes 3: Present dessert display
Performance Criteria
3.1 Portion, decorate, arrange dessert display
3.2 Prepare dessert service equipment
3.3 Control volume for quality during event and/or service period
Glossary
Term Explanation
Amaretto A liqueur from Italy, the primary flavour
comes from sweet and bitter almond.
1
0
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Term Explanation
Angelica Young leaf stalks of a plant which are candied
and used for decoration.
Beignets Fritters.
Term Explanation
Cassata An Ice cream and Parfait specialty.
Term Explanation
Frappé Chilled
Term Explanation
Mousseline Sauce Sabayon mix fold into a whipped heavy cream.
1
1
Bread & Pastry Production 1
Introduction
The dessert in the menu
All good food affords pleasure; desserts are devised for pleasure alone.
At the end of the meal, when appetites are largely satisfied, the dessert restores the
palate and hints at sensuous luxury. It provides a vital structure and balance to a
restaurant’s menu.
"If there is any poetry at all in meals or in the process of feeding, there is
poetry in desserts."
Although people have eaten various kinds of sweet dishes since earliest times, the
notion of a separate sweet course, at the end of a meal, is a relatively modern idea.
A table crowded with many different dishes, as it would bear, made an impressive
display.
At the same time, because sweetening was costly, a host who served sweet dishes
at every opportunity left his guests in no doubt that he was a man of means.
Even when low priced sugar became widely available, the separation of dessert
into the final course of a meal took time.
Cooks were reluctant to abandon the grandiose table settings they had grown up
with, and it was not until the middle of the 19th century that the idea of presenting
foods in the order in which they should be eaten, so that each course in turn was
replaced with a subsequent course, won full acceptance.
1
1
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Diners welcomed a new system; since they were at last able to eat all their food
while it was still at the correct temperature.
Because of its culminating position in the menu, the dessert must complement, and
even complete with, all that has gone before it.
Indeed the art of dessert cookery is very much the art of temptation.
Learning Outcomes 1:
1.1 Select required commodities according
to recipe and production requirements
Facilities
Electricity
Working space
Ability of the staff in the kitchen
Ability of the staff front of house
Quality of the equipment that is given to work with
Preparation of the product can be conducted elsewhere.
All these possibilities need to be considered when planning the dessert display.
This is of no concern to the public. This is the concern of the catering business
owner, the head chef and pastry chef and requirements for the customer.
11
4 Bread & Pastry Production
Serving platters
Sauce jugs
Plates
Cutlery
Napkins
Tongs
Lifters
Refrigerated cooling
Hot display bain-marie.
What is needed for production, storage and service requirements?
After the product has been produced and stored, the equipment needed to display
and serve desserts need to be taken into consideration, as well as where it is going
to be served.
Choice of Location
Most establishments will be operating out of hotel and restaurant kitchens that have
all the equipment that is required.
Prudent management practices require a complete list of all equipment that may be
required to be taken 'off-site' for when customer desires a function 'by the river' or 'in
the park'.
Complexity of dessert
Hot soufflé needs special consideration and teamwork so it is not desirable to place
on menu for dessert display.
Cold soufflé would be a better choice for a dessert display. It will stand at room
temperature for short periods if required.
Bread & Pastry Production 115
1.2 Prepare a
variety of sponges and cakes
for gateaux, tortes
and cakes to desired product
characteristics
Appropriate amount
How much to produce has always been an issue
in most restaurants.
Keeping records of how much was produced against how many served were sold is
now much easier with computerisation.
In the past record that were kept were usually on scraps of paper or notes in
journals.
Buffet has a greater control over production planning but is no guarantee that the
product will actually be consumed.
Allowing for smaller portion sizes the kitchen might produce enough to allow for each
person to have 1 serve each.
Some customers would have more than one dessert each while others will have no
dessert.
8 desserts with 15 portions of each desserts gives a total of 120 serves of desserts
produced.
Averaging like this is the only way to ensure enough production is available.
All this needs to be considered when planning the menu and production
Service Period
Is the function in the evening or in middle of the day, Some desserts are more
popular if served during day while other desserts served in evening might be a better
choice.
Chocolate motifs
Chocolate curls
Glace fruits
Roasted nut slivers
Tuilles
Glass biscuits
Brandy snap
Florentine
Almond bread
Biscotti
Bread & Pastry Production 117
Praline.
Many a garnish can be produced for the elaborate decoration of dessert creations.
Rule No:1 If there are 100 desserts then 150 garnish pieces need to be produced.
Why?
Tuilles, glass biscuits and Florentines are high in sugar and if left out they will
soften as the sugar attracts moisture from the air
Almond bread, biscotti will soften if exposed to the air
for extended period
Roasted nut slivers keep fresh taste longer if kept in
sealed container. These should be roasted every two
days to keep freshness. Roast in small batches.
Hot sauces
Butterscotch
Anglaise sauce
Starch thickened custards
Chocolate.
Heat only what is required for the service period.
Anglaise and starch thickened sauces cannot be reheated after service period.
11
8 Bread & Pastry Production
Cold sauces
Anglaise
Burnt Orange
Chocolate sauce
Berry coulis
Bread & Pastry Production 119
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
A report needs to be submitted to your Trainer and this report needs to include the
following information. This report will relate to this entire unit and will compliment any
practical assessment.
The dessert buffet will have a variety of desserts available from which to choose.
Some will be hot desserts, some that need to be served chilled and some served at
room temperature.
The buffet will be served in fully equipped building with inside and outside dining.
The report will cover 8 different desserts. The student needs to supply the following:
Bread & Pastry Production 121
Summary
12
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Learning Outcomes 2:
Introduction
Buffet Service
These smaller serves can actually increase turnover and be more profitable
Buffet size price per unit is 70% of the normal size price then profit is
increased.
Colour
Plate selection
Positioning of food
Freshness in foods
Garnishes
Traditional garnishes
12
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Some dishes have become famous for their garnishes, and although created
many years ago, they are still in use today.
Example:
Multi-culturalism
New product availability
Increased customer awareness and
expectations;
The state of the economy (how much people
have to spend);
Tastes and trends in cuisine.
In other words, customers will consistently satisfied every time they visit.
12
6 Bread & Pastry Production
The temperature at which desserts are served all affect the eating sensation
and overall customer satisfaction.
Food that is held at temperatures above 60°C will dehydrate quickly thus
making the food dry and less palatable.
When serving buffet it will be that food is withdrawn from display due to the
fact that is not looking very good. This is well within the two (2) Four (4) hour
rule.
Cream based desserts that are held in suspension with gelatine need to be
chilled below 4°C to be stable.
Ultimately the dessert will collapse and spread over the plate. All before the
'four hour' time has elapsed.
The four hour period is defined because it is the 'lag' period that bacteria will
go through before they start to multiply after being exposed to a new
environment.
Frozen Desserts
Aerated desserts will soften quickly because of the air that is in the mixture.
These desserts will be stored for long periods at a temperature of 18°C but
when required for service they will be moved to a freezer that holds them at a
temperature of approximately minus 5°- minus 10°C.
This allows product to soften enough for the customer to enjoy the 'cold'
sensation of the 'frozen' dessert.
Low protein
High sugar
Low moisture.
12
Bread & Pastry Production 9
Sauces
High sugar sauces will have a life much longer time period. Clean excess
sauce from outside of containers.
13
0 Bread & Pastry Production
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your
Trainer.
The dessert buffet will have a variety of desserts available from which to
choose.
Some will be hot desserts, some that need to be served chilled and some
served at room temperature.
The buffet will be served in fully equipped building with inside and outside
dining.
The report will cover 8 different desserts. The student needs to supply the
following:
2.2. Draw a plan for each of the desserts and how they will be presented:
Hot Desserts: how are they going to be kept hot and held for service period
13
2 Bread & Pastry Production
Summary
Portion desserts
All portions served during service period need to be consistent in size,
flavour and presentation.
Plate and present and or decorate desserts
Have a plan of how dishes are to be presented
All need to be presented the same
Sauce and garnish need to be consistent on each plate.
13
Bread & Pastry Production 3
Learning Outcomes 3:
3.1 Assemble required commodities and/or
preparations
Introduction
Using the template below, draw a plan of the dessert layout on the plate:
Garnish
Sauce
Rules
A la carte
Buffet
Counter service.
A la carte service
A la carte will only require the customer to be supplied with the tools to consume the
dessert:
Knives
Spoons
Forks
Plates.
Other equipment that might be needed to
placed on the table for customers to use:
Sauce boats
Condiment containers.
Buffet service
Buffet service will require equipment for the customer to lift the product onto their
plate:
Tongs
13
Bread & Pastry Production 5
Cake lifters
Service spoons.
Counter service
Function rooms
When service is to be held away from the main place of business then many other
considerations need to be looked at.
Guest facilities
Seating
Toilets
Washing facilities.
Service facilities
Electricity availability
Water for human consumption, (potable water)
Garbage collection facilities
Dishwashing facilities.
13
Bread & Pastry Production 7
This only applies when a la carte service takes place or multiple functions are required
at special times of the year like New Year celebrations:
How to make the display look full when stock is getting low towards the end of service
period
Use larger platters to start buffet and as numbers slow use smaller platters during
top ups.
13
Bread & Pastry Production 9
Work Projects
It is a requirement of this Unit you complete Work Projects as advised by your Trainer.
A report needs to be submitted to your Trainer and this report needs to include the
following information. This report will relate to this entire unit and will compliment any
practical assessment.
The dessert buffet will have a variety of desserts available from which to choose.
Some will be hot desserts, some that need to be served chilled and some served at
room temperature.
The buffet will be served in fully equipped building with inside and outside dining.
The report will cover 8 different desserts. The student needs to supply the following:
Draw plate stencil and then show how desserts will be positioned on plate
Define how many portions will be obtained from recipe
Shape of dessert to be defined, height as well as.
3.2. Make a list of all equipment that may be required to deliver service.
14
Bread & Pastry Production 1
Summary
14
2 Present desserts
Recommended reading
Bloom,Carole ;2009; Bite-Size Desserts: Creating Mini Sweet Treats, from
Cupcakes to Cobblers to Custards and Cookies; Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Braker, Flo; 2000; Sweet Miniatures: The Art of Making Bite-Size Desserts;
Chronicle Books
Brooks Coulson Nguyen; 2013; The Petit Four Cookbook; Ulysses Press
Dodge, Abigail Johnson; 2012; Mini Treats & Hand-Held Sweets: 100
Delicious Desserts to Pick Up and Eat; Taunton Press
Forster, Felicity; 2010; 300 Chocolate Desserts and Treats: Rich recipes for
hot and cold desserts, ice creams, tarts, pies, candies, bars, truffles and
drinks; Anness
Friberg, Bo; 2004 (4th edition); The Professional Pastrychef; Van Nostrand
Reinhold
Lebovitz, David; 2010; The Perfect Scoop: Ice Creams, Sorbets, Granitas,
and Sweet Accompaniments; Ten Speed Press
Michel Roux; 1996; Desserts, A Life Long Passion; Conran Octopus Limited
The following statements are about the competency you have just completed.
14
6 Bread & Pastry Production
14
Bread & Pastry Production 7
Present desserts
Ye N
Learning Outcomes 1:
Select required commodities according to recipe and production
requirements
Learning Outcomes 2:
Select required commodities according to recipe and production
requirements
Prepare marzipan for glazing
Learning Outcomes 3:
Assemble required commodities and/or preparations
Statement by Trainee:
I believe I am ready to be assessed on the following as indicated above:
_____________________ ______ / ______ /
S ________ D ______
Note:
14
8 Bread & Pastry Production
For all boxes where a No* is ticked, please provide details of the extra steps or work
you need to do to become ready for assessment.