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Research I
Quarter 1 - Module 1:
Basic Science Process Skills
Research I – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Basic Science Process Skills
First Edition, 2020

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owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Region III

Secretary : Leonor M Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Rodzell M. de Guzman

Language Reviewer: Sonnie Lyn L. Amparado
Content Editor: Farrah M. Ramos
Illustrator: Derrick Joseph M. Sicat
Layout Artist: Sherie May B. Martin

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
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Research 1
Quarter 1- Module 1:
Basic Science Process Skills

Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph

 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Research I STE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Basic
Science Process Skills

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Research I STE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Basic
Science Process Skills!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
What I Need to Know module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct (100%), you may
What I Know
decide to skip this module.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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 This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
current lesson with the previous one.
What’s In
In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to
you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
What’s problem opener, an activity or a situation.
New
This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
What is It understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s You may check the answers to the exercises using
More the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
What I Have from the lesson.
Learned
This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
What I Can situations or concerns.
Do

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of

mastery in achieving the learning competency.
Assessment

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to

Additional enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.
Activities

This contains answers to all activities in the module.

Answer
Key
At the end of this module you will also find:
References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It encourages you to
demonstrate the appropriate basic science process skills in a given event or object.
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1– Introduction to Research
Lesson 2– The Research Process

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

• define research;
• classify research based on the objective of the study and the condition under
which the study is done;

• describe each step in the research process; and

• explain the importance of each step in the research process.

What I Know

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

1. The starting of point in any research project is to formulate a question.

2. The researcher’s own personal interests and observations may be valuable source of
questions.
3. Theories of other researchers are not a particularly good source of research
questions.
4. Successful research often raises new questions, even while it answers old questions.
5. Research designed to find solutions to practical problems is referred to as basic
research.
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6. Research is a multi-stage process and will involve both reflecting on and revising stages
already undertaken and forward planning.
7. Research is just collecting facts or information with no clear purpose.
8. You will probably revisit each stage of the research process more than once.
9. Pure research is better than applied research.
10. Research is something that people undertake to find out things in a systematic way,
thereby increasing their knowledge.
11. It is expected that researchers will follow appropriate ethical guidelines.
12. A scientist never repeats any of the steps of a scientific investigations.
13. An observation is defined as any information gathered with the senses.
14. Models are useful in technology but have no place in science.
15. All types of research aims to develop the researcher.

Lesson
Introduction to Research
1
From the root word “search and the prefix “re,” research can be defined as a
repetitive search for something previously unknown. It is a never-ending attempt to discover
the truth.
Research involves a purposive, organized, and planned program of activities that result in
the acquisition of new knowledge. It is similar to studying except that in this
endeavor you will have to do the actual research to find the answers to your problems.
Research activity leads you to a better understanding of yourself and your environment.

What’s In

Basic Process Skills

During a physical science course, you often carry out some short lab activities as well as
more detailed experiments. Here are some skills that you will use as you work.
Observing is using one or more of the five senses to gather information. Many
observations involve the senses of sight, hearing, touch, and smell.
Inferring is interpreting an observation or statement based on prior knowledge. An
inference is an act of reasoning, not a fact. That means an inference may be logical but not
true.
Predicting is an inference about a future event based on evidence, experiences, or
knowledge. It plays a major role in science because they offer scientist a way to test ideas.
Measuring is comparing an object or process to a standard. Scientists use a common
set of standards called the System of Units, abbreviated as SI(for its French name, Systeme
International d’Unites).
Calculating is a process in which persons uses mathematical operations to
manipulate numbers and symbols.
Classifying is grouping of items according to some organizing idea or system.

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 Using Tables and Graphs. Scientist analyze and interpret data tables and graphs to
determine the relationship of one variable to another and to make predictions based on the
data.
Using Models. A model is a mental or physical representation of an object, process, or
event. In Science, models are usually made to help people understand natural objects and
the processes that affects these objects.

Before you proceed to the next part of the module let us test your
prior knowledge and answer this activity about
Scientific Method.

Direction: Using the ladder diagram arrange the steps in Scientific Method.

A. Test your Hypothesis

B. Conclude and interpret the data
C. Observe
D. Formulate a Hypothesis
E. Analyze your data
F. Research

What’s New

If you ever been caught in the rain without an

umbrella, your first instinct was probably to start running.
After all, the less time you spend in the rain, the less water
there is falling down on you. So, you might think that
running in the rain keeps you drier than walking in the rain
over a given distance. However, by running in the rain you
run into more raindrops than by walking, thereby wetting
more of your face, chest, and legs. Have your instincts
been getting you wetter instead of keeping you drier?
Amidst this global pandemic, answer the following statement True or False.

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1. You can protect yourself from COVID-19 by injecting
disinfectants or rubbing alcohols onto your body.
2. A vaccine to cure COVID-19 is available.
3. The COVID-19 was created and released by people.
by people.
4. Ordering products shipped from overseas makes a person sick.
5. Drinking hot drinks can protect you from COVID-19 or cure
Figure 1: Covid-19 virus the illness.

How did you answer the following questions? Did you try to look at some other books
or perhaps ask your parents about it. In your own simple way you perform one step of
conducting a research

Notes to the Teacher

The activities in this module are arranged from simple to complex to help the
learner gradually master the desired learning competency. Give him/her the
needed support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the
appropriate basic science process skills in a given event or object.

Scientific Research

What is It

Scientific Research
It is defined as a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of
hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among observed phenomena .
Aims of Research
1. Generating new knowledge or information.
2. Finding an application for the new knowledge.
3. Verifying existing knowledge.
4. Developing the investigator
Types of Research
The types of research are determined by the aims of the researcher. When the research
is conducted solely to come up with new knowledge or to have a fuller
understanding of a particular subject for its own sake, then it is classified as basic
research. However, if the research is done to find an application of the knowledge
whether new or old, it is classified as applied research.

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Another basis for classifying research is the condition under which the study is done. There
are two types under this category, namely: descriptive and experimental. In a
descriptive type of research, you should observe and record the changes as they happen in
nature. You cannot manipulate the changes. If you put in factors that interfere with what
nature provides, then the research becomes experimental.

Sources of Research Topics

People, places, and objects around you are possible sources of your research. The
communities where you live are also rich sources of research topics. You can determine the
resources they have as well as their needs. Whenever or wherever there is a gap
between needs and resources, a potential problem or topic of study arises. Often, you may
not be able to note a gap. It would be helpful to talk to scientists, researchers or teachers by
visiting them in their places of work, If this is not possible, you can write to them or read their
published articles in the scientific literature. You can also surf the internet for potential
research problems.

Lesson
The Research Process
2

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Research 101
Direction: Complete the crossword puzzle below.

Across
2. Purposive and planned program of activities for acquisition of new knowledge
3. Educated predictions that can be tested.
5. It contains the summary of the whole work and predictions for the future.
9. It is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected
area of study.
10. When the research is conducted solely to come up with new knowledge .
Down
1. It is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer
questions.
4. It is the process of performing a scientific procedure, especially in a laboratory, to
determine something.
6. A type of research that you can manipulate factors that interfere with what nature
provides.
7. It is an area of rich sources of resource topics.

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8. A person who carries out academic or scientific research.

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Independent Assessment 1
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. It is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer
questions.
A. Scientific Method B. Research C. Experimentation D. Conclusion
2. It contains the summary of the whole work and predictions for the future.
A. Scientific Method B. Research C. Experimentation D. Conclusion
3. A type of research that you can manipulate factors that interfere with what nature
provides.
A. Basic B. Applied C. Experimental D. Descriptive
4. It is a type of research that is conducted solely to come up with new knowledge .
A. Basic B. Applied C. Experimental D. Descriptive
5. It involves a purposive, organized, and planned program of activities that result in the
acquisition of new knowledge.
A. Scientific Method B. Research C. Experimentation D. Conclusion

Independent Activity 2
Traits of a Scientist
In doing Scientific research, sometimes you imitate the works of a Scientists. Try to test
yourself and determine which of the following characteristics of a scientist is exemplified in
the given situations.
Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
A. Aptitude for serendipity D. healthy skepticism
B. Curiosity E. Honesty
C. Good ethics F. Perseverance
1. Rodrigo, a grade 9 student closely observes how a spider spins its web.
2. In a TV commercial for disposable diapers, the baby Fixes a leaking hose by
wrapping his disposable diaper around the hose.
3. A student of science saw a TV commercial about the detergent that clean better than
their household detergent. The student performed the same experiment to verify the
claims advertised.
4. J. Robert Oppenheimer, one of the leading atomic scientists of the world, strongly
opposed the development of hydrogen bomb on morale, technological, economic,
and political grounds, and persuaded other outstanding scientists not to work on it.
5. Stephen Hawking, A British theoretical physicist, known for his research on black
hole in advanced cosmology, has been suffering from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. Although he can no longer speak and barely
move, his mind remains unaffected. He continues to explain theoretical physics to the
public through films, books, and lectures.

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 6. British ethologist Jane Goodall is an expert on chimpanzees, discovering through the
years such behavior patterns like their ability to use dross for extracting termites from
nests.

7. In 1865, the German chemist Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz dreamt of a
snake that ran in circles trying to catch Its tail. With this, he was able to propose the
molecular structure of benzene.
8. Scientist was asked by his employer from a tobacco manufacturing firm to produce
fraudulent data that would dispel claims of cancer related cigarette smoking. The
scientist refused and lost his job.
9. One winter night in 1839, Charles Goodyear accidentally dropped a piece of rubber
sprinkled with sulfur onto a red-hot stove. Instead of melting, the rubber flattened out
into a small desk with desirable rubber properties. Goodyear had accidentally
invented vulcanization.
10. Rita levy Montalcini was a Jewish Italian American neurobiologist. During World War
2, juice had to go in hiding including Rita, but she continued to conduct experiments
on chicken embryos in a homemade laboratory all throughout the war. Her work led
to discoveries on Alzheimer's disease.

Independent Assessment 2
Direction: Match Column A with its description in Column B. Write the letter of your choice.

A B

A. Acknowledges others contributions and do not claim

1. Curiosity
works that do not belong to them.

B. Admits mistakes and safeguard scientists against

2. Honesty
arrogance.

3. Perseverance C. It means unexpectedly discovering or finding things.

4. Humility D. Always ask questions and often wonder about the world.

5. Aptitude for Serendipity E. A good scientist do not give up.

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Independent Activity 3
Research Agenda
Direction: Based on the criteria for selecting a research problem, put a check (/) in your
answer sheet across the criteria to which your response is yes and a cross (x) to
which your response is no, to know if the research topic is attainable to be
undertaken by a student researcher.
RESEARCH TOPIC: High cost of Fertilizer
Criteria Yes/ No
Is the problem interesting?
Will the research contribute to the solution of socio-economically
important problems?

Will the research generate new information?

Is the research novel?

Do I have the skills or knowledge necessary to conduct the research or

can I learn them within the time I have?
Is the Research Attainable in terms of:
Time required to finish the research?
Expense involved in conducting the research?
Availability of materials for experimentation?
Accessibility of materials for experimentation?
Risks and hazards involved in conducting the experiment?
Is the research reproductible?
Independent Assessment 3
Direction: Based on the criteria for selecting a research problem, which of the following
topics is/are workable to be undertaken by a student researcher? Write YAHOO
for workable topics and YEHEY for not
workable topics by a student researcher.
1. Absence of an irrigation system in a farm.
2. Lack of farm to market roads in a farming
community.
3. Proliferation of janitor fish in a farming community.
4. Decrease of farmers in our community.
5. High costs of alcohols and surgical masks.
6. Abundance of water lily in a river.
7. Old folks using a certain herb to cure almost all
ailments.
8. Burning of farm wastes like straws
9. Fish dried under the sun are exposed to flies and other insects.
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 What I Have Learned

Complete the following statements.

• Research enables us to …………………………………………………….

• Research contributes to …………………………………………………….

• A research activity …………………………………………………………...

• The most common sources of research problems are …………………..

• Research can be classified as ……………………………………………...

• The areas for conducting research can be in ………………………..

• Research is ………………………………………………………….

What I Can Do

Science Skills
10. Lack of health practitioners in the hospital.
Direction: Determine the thickness of an aluminum foil. Complete the table in your answer
sheet.

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 GUIDE QUESTIONS
Length (mm) Thickness (mm)
1. What is the relationship of the
length to the thickness of the foil?
50
2. Why there might be differences
between your data and other
students?
100
3. Why would it be important for
aluminum foil manufacturers to
200 test the thickness of their
product?
TRIVIA 4. What is an advantage and
For every 1 centimeter there are disadvantage of using this
10 millimeters. method to determine the
1cm = 10 mm thickness of aluminum foil?

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 Assessment

Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.

1. The starting of point in any research project is to look for a research problem.
2. The researcher’s own experiences may affect his choice of research.
3. Theories of other researchers are particularly good source of research questions.
4. Successful research often raises new questions, even while it answers old questions.
5. Research designed to find solutions to practical problems is referred to as applied
research.
6. Research is single stage process and will involve forward planning.
7. Research is collecting facts or information with a clear purpose.
8. You will probably revisit each stage of the research process more than once.
9. Applied research is better than basic research.
10. Research is something that people undertake to find out things in a chaotic way,
thereby decreasing their knowledge.
11. It is expected that researchers will follow appropriate ethical guidelines.
12. A scientist always repeats any of the steps of a scientific investigations.
13. An observation is defined as any information gathered with the eyes only.
14. Tables and Graphs are useful in Math but have no place in science.
15. Research aims to seek new information.

Additional Activities

Direction: Identify the problem in the following studies and formulate a hypothesis relevant
to the study.
1. The ability of two kinds of fertilizers to increase the yield of certain species of sugar
cane is under investigation. Six plots of sugar cane for experimentation are prepared.
2. Fifteen mice were used in investigating the effect of formalin treated eggplants and
tomatoes. Livers of experimental and control mice were examined for abnormalities
particularly lesions.
3. An investigation is done on the tensile strength of paper produced from talahib, cogon,
and corn leaves. Two methods of producing pulp from the plant samples are compared.
Ten samples of each kind of plant source are prepared.
4. Grade 9 research students subjected the squash noodles they formulated to a sensory
evaluation test. Thirty panelists took part in the evaluation of the acceptability of the
taste of the experimental and control noodles using a rating scale.

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5. Protein precipitation using salts, organic solvents, acids and bases are being studied as
various ways of preparing leaf protein concentrate from the leaves of 30 water lilies.

Answer Key

References
Caintic, Helen E., and Juanita M. Cruz. Scientific Research Manual. Manila: C & E
Publishing, 2008.
Graziano & Raulin (8th edition). Accessed June 18, 2020. https://graziano-raulin.com/.
Olivar, Jose Tolentino II., Anna Cherylle Morales. Ramos, and John Donnie A. Ramos.
Exploring Life through Science: Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc., 2016.
“Science Thinking Resources and Pedagogy.” the science teacher. Accessed June 18,
2020. https://thescienceteacher.co.uk/.
Wysession, Michael, David V. Frank, and Sophia Yancopoulos. Prentice Hall Physical
Science: Concepts in Action. Needham, MA: Pearson, 2009.

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