FACILITATING LEARNING

LEARNING- change in behavior due to experience and instruction

Overt- observable behavior
Covert- mind- processes

STAGES OF LEARNING
- Unconscious Incompetence- hindi mo pa alam at all
- Conscious Incompetence- may alam ka pero hindi masyado magaling
- Conscious Competence- alam mo na but need to focus pa
- Unconscious Competence- alam mo na, effortless

SSDL MODEL
2 types of learners

EXPERT LEARNERS
- has deeper knowledge in subject areas
- ability to think beyond thinking (metacognition)
- self-directed, independent students

NOVICE LAERNERS
- have limited knowledge in subject areas

3 VARIABLES IN METACOGNITION
1. Person Variable- how one views himself as a learner and as a thinker
2. Task Variable- knowledge about the nature of task
3. Strategy Variable- awareness of the strategy you are using to learn a topic

4 LEARNING STYLES

- Sensing
- realistic people
- verifies first, then believes
- sensing people gather facts to learn about things
- Intuitive
-believes first, then verifies
- malakas ang loob
- Thinking
- looks into facts, logical truths and verifiable info
- Feeling
- based on like or dislike stimulus rather than on logic
- emotional state

ROLES OF A TEACHER
- Sage on the stage- dispenser of knowledge
- Guide on the side- learner centered
- teachers are the facilitator
Intelligence- ability to apply learning

THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

1. General Intelligence (Charles Spearman)

- overall mental capacity/ ability
- G-factor
-factor analysis- statistical technique to measure common ability
2. Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence (Raymond Cattell and John Horn)
- Fluid - ability to acquire knowledge
- novel situations- new solutions/ ways

- Crystallized Intelligence- semented knowledge

- accumulated/ acquired knowledge
- from experiences and education
3. Primary Mental Abilities (Louis Leon Thurstone)
- Verbal comprehension- understanding and definition of words
- Word Fluency- speed on naming or producing words
- Number Facility- speed and accuracy in solving numerical problems
- Spatial Reasoning- to visualize and recognize objects in 3D/ shapes
- Associative Memory- ability to memorize/ recall
- Perceptual Speed- differences and similarities in visual facts
- Reasoning- ability to find rules or patterns

4. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (Robert Sternberg)

- Componential-Analytical Intelligence- book smart
- Experiential- Creative Intelligence- novelty
- Practical- Contextual Intelligence- street smart, common sense, ability to adopt new environment

5. Multiple Intelligence (Howard Gardner)

- Verbal-linguistic- Word smart
- Logical-mathematical- number smart
- Spatial- visual, picture smart
- Musical- music smart
- Bodily-Kinesthetic- body smart
- Intrapersonal- self-smart
- Interpersonal- people smart, social skills
- Naturalistic

6. Emotional Intelligence (Daniel Goleman)

- knows how to regulate emotions
FIVE CATEGORIES OF EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT
- self-awareness- able to recognize own emotions
- self-regulation- able to control your own emotions
- motivation- desire or will to do something
- empathy- able to recognize other people’s emotions
- social skills- interpersonal skills

LEARNING MODELS

1. CONE OF EXPERINCE ( Edgar Dale)

- visual representation of experiences
- concrete (low) abstract (high)

Direct Purposeful Experiences- concrete reality

- first hand experience
Contrived Experinces- Simulation
Dramatized Experience- act out the situation
Demonstrations- observe and take down notes
Field trip- study trips
Exhibit- gallery/ museums, meaningful display
Movies- motion pictures, audio visual
Audio- sound recordings, podcast/ radio
Pictures- unisensory
Text- highly abstract, verbal symbols
2. THREE TIERED LEARNING MODEL (Jerome Bruner)
- Enactive- action based
- Iconic- picture, model, visual
- Symbolic- text, abstract, verbal

3. ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY (Urie Bronfenbrenner)

- human ecology theory
- our development is influenced by our environment
MICROSYSYTEM- direct environment, immediate environment
- direct influence to a child (parents,school)
MESOSYSTEM- relationships of the microsystem
EXOSYSTEM- indirect influence (e.g father’s job)
MACROSYSTEM- society and culture
- social and cultural values and political
CHRONOSYSTEM- changes that happen in one’s life span

4. FIELD THEORY (Kurt Lewin)

Behavior- is the function of the person in the environment
- Life space- psychological environment
- Person- point that moves across life space
- Goal- region or part of life space where a person is psychological attracted
- Vector- forces that influences your movements towards or away from the goal
- Barrier- blocks that stands in between the person and the goal

ESSENTIAL PEOPLE IN FACILITATING LEARNING

 Learning by doing- John Dewey
 Tabula Rasa- John Locke
 Pedagogy of the oppressed- Paolo Friere
 Father of Pedagogy- Johnan Pestalozzi
 Father of Modern Education- Johann Comenius
 Father of kindergarten- Friedrich Froebel
 Natural Setting- Maria Montessori
 IQ Test- Alfred Biret
 Modern IQ test- Turman
 Father of Psychology- Wilhelm Wundt
 Father of Modern Psychology- SIgmund Freud
 Father of Behaviorism- John Watson

GUIDELINES IN MAKING QUESTIONS

- Probing- follow-up questions
- Prompting- hints, clues or assistance
- Redirecting- involve more students to come-up with more answers

MAJOR TYPES OF REASONING

1. Deductive- general to specific
- concepts to examples
2. Inductive- specific to general
- examples to concepts
- used to predict conclusion

TYPES OF THINKING
1. Divergent- open-ended, flexible thinking
2. Convergent- close-ended

THINKING STYLES
1. Creative- thinking outside the box
2. Critical- reasoning , analyze objectively
MOTIVATION- desire or will to do something
- Extrinsic- external desire (grades, rewards)
- Intrinsic- internal desire (satisfaction)

MOTIVATION THEORIES
-Self-efficacy theory (Albert Bandura)
- refers to your perception of your ability to succeed
4 SOURCES OF SELF-EFFICACY
1. Performance Accomplishments
2. Vicarious Experiences- observed, performed by other people
- indirect experience that will help you on your performance
3. Social Persuasion- convince people around you
4. Physiological and emotional state

EXPECTANCY THEORY (Victor Broom)

- Motivation for behavior depends on desirability of the outcome
3 ELEMENTS
- Expectancy- effort
- Instrumentality- reward
- Valence- importance, values

HEIRARCHY OF NEEDS (Abraham Maslow)

- Physiological needs- needs to survive
- Safety and Security- freedom from harm and injury
- Love and belongingness- love and affection
- Self - esteem- admiration, affirmation
- Self-actualization- sense of fulfillment

TRANSFER OF LEARNING- refers to how one kind of learning influences another kind of learning
- Positive- helps another kind of learning
- Negative- obstruct another kind
- Lateral- same level/ horizontal
- Vertical- lower level helps in learning at the higher learning
- Near- context similar
- General- -different context
- Specific

METACOGNITION ( John Flavell)

- Thinking about thinking
- involves goal-setting, self monitoring, evaluate learning

CATEGORIESOF METACOGNITION
1. Person Variables - this is how you view yourself as a learner and as a thinker
2. Task Variables- you have to know the nature of the task and the effort that it will demand
3. Strategy Variables- awareness of different strategies and their effectiveness.
- Meta-attention- strategies that help you to keep your attention
- Meta- memory- strategies on how you memorize.s